高一牛津英语课件

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高一牛津英语课件

　　《牛津英语》是译林出版社出版的图书，此书结构清晰、语言简洁，适合初、中、高级读者。下面小编收集整理高中牛津英语课件，供大家参考。

高一牛津英语课件

　　篇一：牛津高中英语课件

　　模块一（第1讲）

　　【教学内容与教学要求】

　　一、教学内容：

　　牛津高中英语模块一Unit 1 （上）

　　二、教学要求：

　　1．掌握和校园生活有关的常用单词、词组与句型。

　　2．学会描述校园生活和学校设施。

　　High school is a time of discovery, learning and hard work!高中是探索、学习和辛勤劳动的时期

　　Huge campus and low-rise building 学校面积大，没有高层建筑。

　　Twelve laboratories are available for different experiments.12个实验室可供不同试验使用。

　　Each room comes with its own bothroom and Internet access.每个房间都有自己的卫生间和英特网接口。

　　3．学习阅读技巧：skimming&scanning。

　　4．语法：定语从句（一）

　　【知识重点与学习难点】

　　一、重要单词：

　　access achieve attend assembly article available average canteen club challenging context donate display experience extra graduate gym heading locker low-rise literature poster relax

　　二、重点词组：

　　class teacher 班主任 at ease with 和….相处不拘束 school hours学校作息时间 earn respect from 赢得…的尊敬 sound like听起来象 for free 免费 get a general idea 了解大意 as well as 除….以外, 也 key words 关键词 word by word 逐字逐句地 find one’s way around 认识路 develop an interest in 培养对….的兴趣 surf the Internet网上冲浪

　　【难点讲解】

　　1. What is your dream school life like?

　　你理想中的学校生活是什么样子?

　　这里 dream 表示心目中最理想的. 如 dream team (梦之队)。

　　2. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.

　　去一所英国中学读书一年对我来说是一次令人愉快和兴奋的经历。

　　Going 在本句里作动名词，它和后面的to a British high school for one year构成动名词短语作句子的主语。Go to a British high school本来是个动词词组，在go 后面加上ing 后，它就具备名词的特性可以在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语。

　　动词的现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语，但所表达的意思不同, 现在分词作定语常表示“令人…”、“正在….”;例如exciting news, sleeping dog; 过去分词则有被动或完成的意思,常表示“感到….的”、“被….的”,例如： an excited crowd of people, broken heart.

　　3. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m.

　　我对英国学校的作息时间很满意因为学校大约上午9点开始上课，下午3点半左右放学。

　　Be happy with=be pleased with, around=about。

　　4. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m.

　　这意味着我可以晚一小时起床，因为在中国学校8点钟上课。

　　as adv.同样地, 被看作, 象

　　prep.当做

　　conj.与...一样, 当...之时, 象, 因为

　　本单元多次出现as, 用法各不相同,应注意比较。另外as 还可以构成一些常用词组：as if就好像, as far as就….而言, so as to以便于, as for至于, such as例如，等等。

　　mean: 意味着, 后面通常加名词或宾语从句。例如：

　　The attack of Pear Harbor meant a declaration of war with the United States.

　　The raise of salary means that I can send my daughter to a better school.

　　5. He also told us that the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades.

　　他还告诉我们赢得学校尊敬的最好方法是努力学习并取得好成绩。

　　The best way to do sth is to…..结构用来表达做某事的最好方法是….., 例如:

　　The best way to learn English is to use it as often as possible.

　　6. I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit challenging for me at first because all the homework was in English.

　　我发现这儿的家庭作业没有我原来学校的多，但一开始对我有些挑战性，因为所有作业都是英语的。

　　As…..as, 中间加形容词或副词,一般要连接两个相同的句子成分, 请比较下面两句话:

　　You hate him as much as I (=You hate him as much as I hate him).

　　You hate him as much as me(=You hate him as much as you hate me).

　　Used to 过去常常, 隐含的意思是现在的情况已经不同。例如:

　　She used to study very hard. ( She does not study so hard any more).

　　Used to 的否定形式是usedn’t to/ didn’t use to

　　注意：be used to sth/doing 表示习惯于….

　　7. Cooking was really fun as I learnt how to buy, prepare and cook food.

　　当我学着怎样买菜、洗菜、烧饭时，烹饪真的是一件有趣的事。

　　fun是名词,有趣的事情, 副词really并非修饰它,而是修饰前面的be动词was

　　试比较: He is really a funny guy. 和 He is a really funny guy.这两句意思虽然相同, 但really修饰的对象不同,因此说话的侧重点也不同。

　　8. I do like eating desserts after meals as you mentioned in your article.

　　就像你在文章中提到的那样，我的确喜欢在饭后吃甜食。

　　Do、did在陈述句中，用在动词前表示强调，可译作的确、确实。

　　9. Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China.

　　完成学业之后，他开始在中国旅行。

　　介词upon/ on加doing相当于带as soon as 的时间状语从句。

　　Upon finishing his study＝As soon as he finished his study

　　10. Former student return from China

　　一位校友重中国归来

　　former, past, old 虽然都和过去有关，但侧重点不同。 former：“过去曾经是...的、前任….”, past: “过去的” old“老的、从前的”。例如: former president前总统，past experience以往的经验，my old school我的母校。

　　11. earn, achieve和gain

　　这三个单词的基本意思都是“get”但含义不尽相同, earn ：get as the reward of work（挣，得到…作为工作的回报）, achieve ：get what you want by effort(成就,通过努力达到某个目标), gain和“get”的用法最接近，它对得到的方法和内容都没有具体要求。常见搭配:

　　earn money/ a living/ one’s respect/ one’s bread, achieve a gaol/ success/ purpose/ high grade, gain experience/ weight/ an advantage over/ time/ the upper hand( 占上风)/ ground(取得进步).

　　【语法】

　　定语从句(1)

　　用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。定语从句的作用和作定语的.形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似，有时可以相互转换，例如：金发女孩可译作a blonde girl ，a girl with blonde hair或a girl who has blonde hair。定语从句通常由关系代词that/ which/ who/ whom/ which/ as或关系副词when/ where/ why引导，这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词, 又充当从句中的某个句子成分。请看例句：

　　1.Tom is the only person who can keep a cool head in time of crisis.(who指代主句中的先行词person,在从句中作主语)

　　2.Tom is the only friend whom(或who) I can rely on. (指代friend，在从句中作宾语, 所以常用代词who的宾格形式).

　　3.China is no longer the weak nation that she used to be. (关系代词that指代weak nation，在从句中作表语)

　　4.The school whose floor space is very limited can’t take in one more student. (关系代词whose指代the school’s ，从句中作floor space的定语)

　　5.I like to go to the gym where I can have a work-out after sittiong for a day. (关系副词where指代主句中的地点状语gym 在从句中作状语)

　　【阅读技巧】

　　Skimming & Scanning

　　Skimming略读，skim原意是轻轻掠过表面，作为阅读技巧是指通过浏览文章标题，主题句，插图和图表等方法了解文章的大意。 Skan, 本意是扫描，这里指用眼光快速扫视书报等材料寻找我们想要的信息。他们的区别在于Skimming是为了了解文章的大意,而Scanning是为了寻找某些具体信息。Skimming & Scanning都是快速阅读的重要策略，也是信息时代我们必备的技能。尤其是在阅读英语时，注重练习Skimming & Scanning可以帮助克服逐字逐句的阅读习惯（如finger-point reading, lip reading），提高阅读速度。

　　【补充阅读】

　　阅读这篇文章,根据中文提示和上下文写出所缺的单词:

　　My School Day

　　I leave home at 6:45 and walk 20 minutes to ______(赶) a bus to school. The bus is a special one just for kids going to my school. The _______(路程) on the bus takes an hour because it has to keep stopping to pick up other students along the way.

　　When I arrive at school, I______(领取) my Tablet PC from the Flexi (Flexiable Learning Centre). Then I go to my Tutor Room for Registration at 8:30. We listen to announcements to see what special things are happening at school today or this week.

　　At about 8:50 we leave Tutor Room to go to our First Period. Every day I have a different Lesson the first period. Normally it is Humanities but I also have Maths, Drama and Music, and French on the other days. Each period lasts an hour.

　　All my lessons are in different rooms and places around the school. Each Room either has a three_____(位) number or a name. The numbers are very hard to remember!. I have different teachers for each lesson. I have a _______(存物柜) where I can store some of my stuff but otherwise I have to carry it all around with my in my bags.

　　Swipe Cards

　　Every Student carries a swipe card. We swipe into every lesson to let the school know that we have _____(参加) that certain lesson and to know where we are in case of emergencies.

　　On the Swipe Card there are two stripes, a black and a brown. The brown is to swipe into lessons and the black is to get into the toilets and buildings.

　　We can put money on our Swipe cards instead of carrying cash around. When we want to pay for snacks at the Tuck Shop or canteen we just hand over our cards and they deduct the money.

　　Subjects

　　Maths, English Science ICT

　　Drama Music Art PE

　　Humanities (History, Geography, and Religion) French or Spanish

　　Time Table

　　9:00 1st Period

　　10:00 2nd Period

　　11:00 - 11:20 Break

　　During break, I have a snack and play and chat with my friends. Usually we play 'IT' a chasing game. Snow ball fight when it snows is dead fun.

　　11:20 3rd Period

　　12:30 4th Period

　　1:30 - 2:10 Lunch

　　I bring a packed lunch to school but occasionally I have school dinners in the School______(食堂).

　　2:10 5th Period

　　3:10 End of School

　　Sometimes I stay after school for clubs.

　　Canteen

　　The Canteen is open at Lunch Time and Break Time. Most hot food is served only at lunch time. Chips are only_______(买的到) on Mondays and Fridays.

　　【同步练习】

　　一、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：

　　1．I still remember the time _______ I first became a high school student.

　　2. There are many places in London _______ you can buy a cup of coffee.

　　3. That is the reason _____ he is so keen on school activities.

　　4. China is a country_______ history can be dated back to 3000 BC.

　　5. He is driving a car ______ can travel at 150 mile per hour.

　　6. He has to fly to all the major cities of the world ______ his company has set up offices.

　　7. The lady _____ we met in the bar is eyeing us from the corner .

　　8.We are facing the same problem ____ we did years ago.

　　二、将下列每组句子合成一个带定语从句的复合句：

　　1. The anti-Japanese aggression war broke out on July the 7th. It lasted for eight years.

　　2. On his website we saw some photos. Mr. Lee took these photos in Europe.

　　3. On the way to school I saw some trees. Their leaves were eaten up by insects.

　　4. Shelley likes to spend her leisure time in the students’ union. She can meet many international students there.

　　5. Jane’s father wants her to be a singer. He himself has always wanted to be a singer himself.

　　参考答案

　　一、

　　1. when 2. where/in which 3. why 4. whose 5. which/that 6. where 7. whom/who 8. as

　　二、

　　1. The anti-Japanese aggression war which lasted for eight years broke out on July the 7th.

　　2. On his website we saw some photos which Mr. Lee took in Europe.

　　3. On the way to school, I saw some trees whose leaves were eaten up by insects.

　　4. shelley likes to spend her leisure time in the students’ union where she can meet many internatioal students.

　　5. Jane’s father wants her to be the singer that he himself has always wanted to be.

　　阅读填空：

　　catch, journey, collect, digit, locker, attended, canteen, available

　　篇二：牛津高中英语课件

　　模块一（第二讲）

　　【教学内容与教学要求】

　　一、教学内容：

　　牛津高中英语模块一Unit 1 （下）

　　二、教学要求：

　　1．掌握和学校活动有关的常用单词、词组与句型。

　　2．学会用英语写通知和海报。

　　3．语法：定语从句（二）

　　【知识重点与学习难点】

　　一、重要单词：

　　contest, replace, possession, complete, include, programme, present(v), event, item, venue, timetable, compare, issue, order, dynasty, professor, unnecessary, attractive, underline, approve, , generation, require, scary, design, draft, wording, previous, finalize, poem, poet, confident, run(manage,operate), host, hostess, advertise,vote.

　　二、重点词组：

　　refer to 指 , function as当作…使用, 具有….的功能 , leave out省略 , relate to 和…相关 , pay attention to注意, in short form用宿略的形式, take place发生, make decision作决定, make comparison作比较, take turns轮流, follow the outline按照纲要, be responsible for对…负责, consist of包含,由…构成, come up with想出, base on根据, have it approved by…征得…..的同意, inform sb of sth告知, sign up签名参加.

　　【难点讲解】

　　1. I have to do my home work in a place that has desks and chairs.

　　我必须在一个有课桌椅的地方做家庭作业。

　　I don’t want to study in a room where desks and chairs are too small.

　　我不想在桌椅太小的房间里学习。

　　第一句里定语从句 that has desks and chairs的关系代词that指代主句中的名词room，作从句的主语；第二句里定语从句where desks and chairs are too small的关系副词where 指代主句中的in a room, 在从句中是地点状语。试比较：

　　1） This is the beach where(on which) many North Europeans spend their summer holidays.

　　2） This is the beach that(which) has white sand and palm trees.

　　上一句的beach是北欧人度假的地方，在这个地方是地点状语，所以用关系副词where 指代; 下一句中有白沙和棕榈树的是beach，它是从句的主语，所有以用关系代词that来指代。

　　2. Besides, I might be reading the books in your father’s bookcases instead.

　　除此之外，我也许会只顾看你爸爸书橱里的书，而不是去做作业。

　　She will be reading newspapers and magazines instead of doing her homework.

　　她将会忙着看报纸杂志而不是做作业。

　　“might be reading”，“will be reading”属于“情态动词＋be+doing” 的结构，表示对某个时间正在发生的事情的预言、推测或期待。例如：

　　I shall be lying in bed and watching my fvourite football game by the time he finishes his homework..等他做完家庭作业时，我早就会躺在床上看我喜爱的足球比赛了。

　　“instead，instead of ”都表示“代替，而不是….” “instead”通常需要承接上文才能表达完整的意思，“instead of ”则可以在一句话中表达做了和没做的事情。例如：

　　1） We didn’t go home after school. We went to a net café instead.

　　→Instead of going home after school, we went to a net café.

　　2) Students in UK don’t have lots of home work.. They have many school activities.

　　→Students in UK have many school activities instead of homework.

　　3. A programme is a plan of activities to be done or things to be achieved.

　　规划是指要进行的活动或要完成任务的计划。

　　划线部分是不定式的被动语态作定语，表示要做的事情。

　　4. The more choices you have, the better your final decisions will be.

　　相当于：If you have more choice (条件状语从句为一般现在时), you will make better decision（主句用将来时）. 你的选择越多，最后的决定就越好。“The+比较级（adj/adv）或含比较级的词组，the+另一个比较级（adj/adv）或含比较级的词组”, 表示“越……就越…..”。

　　5. Your teacher has received an e-mail from a friend asking her about a history book from your school library.

　　你的老师收到一位朋友的电子邮件，询问你们学校图书馆里的一本历史书。

　　划线部分是现在分词短语作定语，补充说明宾语e-mail 的内容。

　　6. ISBN ( International Standard Book Number) 国际标准图书编号

　　ISSN （International Standard Serial Number）国际标准期刊编号

　　7．make常见的动宾搭配: make tea/coffee 沏茶、冲咖啡 , make friends交朋友 , make mistakes犯错误, make trouble惹麻烦, make a suggestion提建议, make a fire生火, make faces做鬼脸, make a decision做决定, make comparasions作比较, make a living谋生, make money挣钱 , make a request提要求, make an application申请。

　　【写作】通知和海报

　　通知是上级对下级、组织对成员或平行单位之间部署工作、传达事情或召开会议等所使用的应用文。以布告形式贴出，把事情通知有关人员，如学生、观众等，通常不用称呼；通知要求言简意赅、措辞得当、时间及时。

　　例一：布告形式的通知：通常此类通知上方正中写Notice或NOTICE（通知），发出通知的的单位的具体名称可放在正文前，也可放在正文后，右下角处，发出通知的日期写在左下角处。例如

　　NOTICE

　　All mumbers of the students’union are requested to meet in the school conference room on Saturday, Sept18th, at 2:00 p. m. to discuss questions of international culture exchanges with New Zealand high school band.

　　Sept.14, 2005

　　海报的形式和媒体没有特殊要求，它要先用简明、生动的图文吸引过往人群的注意力，再以简洁扼要的文字、图表介绍你要向公众发布的信息。文字部分一般包括主题句或主题词和条理清楚、简单明了的内容介绍。下面是一个网上海报，供大家参考：

　　Make a poster explaining a safety rule.

　　It should give us a good Stay Alert message.

　　If your poster wins you will receive a SASS T-shirt and it will appear in the SASS Gallery.

　　Mail you poster to:

　　Stay Alert ... Stay Safe

　　P.O. Box 93006,

　　499 Main St. S.

　　Brampton, Ontario

　　L6Y 1N0

　　【语法】定语从句(2)

　　1．定语从句中关系代词that、which 用来指代物，who 、whom和that 用来指代人，whose用来表示所属关系，关系副词when、where和 why指代时间、地点和原因。

　　2．关系代词的用法

　　(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：

　　All that I have is my love for this land.

　　There isn’t much that we can do to ease his pain.

　　(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which。例如：

　　The last person that we want to invite to our house is Uncle Sam.

　　No nation that is capable of such atrocity can be trusted by its neighbours.

　　(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：

　　There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.

　　(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似。例如：

　　She failed in her attempt to catch the prince’s attention, which was a great disappointment to her mother.

　　(5) 如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。

　　(6) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：

　　The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.

　　(7) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如：

　　Is there anyone here who will go with you?

　　(8)关系代词that/which/who/whom在从句中作宾语时可以省略。例如：

　　The girl (whom) you just saw is the cheer leader of our football club.

　　Every moment(that) we spent in the UK will be a precious memory for us.

　　As在定语从句中的用法

　　一. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

　　（１）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。

　　（２）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如：

　　The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.

　　二．关系副词引导的定语从句

　　1．关系副词也可以引导定语从句

　　关系副词在从句中分别表示时间．地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。例如：

　　We shall always remember the day when Japan surrendered to the ally force.

　　This is one of the few places where you can buy top quality wine.

　　2. that有时也可引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因

　　That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因，这种定语从句中的that也可以省去。例如：

　　That is the time(that) he arrives.

　　That is the reason (that) he came.

　　【同步练习】

　　一、选择适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：

　　1. His parents wouldn’t let him play with anyone ______ scores was poor.

　　A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose

　　2. She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.

　　A. it B. which C. this D. that

　　3. In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could get help.

　　A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom

　　4. The day _______ he chose for his son wedding was a lucky day in the lunar calendar.

　　A. when B. where C. that D. who

　　5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.

　　A. which B. where C. that D. when

　　6．This monument is all ______ remains of the ancient kingdom.

　　A. it B. that C. when D. which

　　7．He mentioned a book the tile of ______ I can’t remember now.

　　A．who B．which C．this D．what

　　8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.

　　A. which price C. the price of which

　　C. its price D. the price of whose

　　9._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.

　　A. As B. It C. That D. Which

　　10. He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.

　　A. this B. which C. that D. same

　　11. On the wall hangs a picture, _____ color is blue.

　　A. whose B. of which C. which D. its

　　12.I still remember the time ______ I first became a college student.

　　A. what B. which C. that D. when

　　13. Mr.Ford still talks like the man______ he was ten years ago.

　　A. that B. where C. which D. there

　　14. The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.

　　A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose

　　15.I don’t like _____ you speak to her.

　　A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which

　　16.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through .

　　A. It’s the reason B. That’s why

　　C. There’s why D. It’s how

　　17. He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.

　　A. which I think is B. which I think it is

　　C. which I think it D.I think which is

　　18. There is only one dish on the table_______ I want to eat .

　　A. who B. that C. what D. whcih

　　参考答案

　　一、1-5 DBCCB 6-10 BBCAB 11-15 ADACA 16-18 BAB

　　篇三：牛津高中英语课件

　　模块一（第3讲）

　　【教学内容与教学要求】

　　一、教学内容：

　　牛津高中英语模块一Unit 2 （上）

　　二、教学要求：

　　1．学习谈论青少年经常遇到的问题。

　　2．学会戏剧脚本。

　　3．了解英语口语和书面语的差别。

　　4．语法：定语从句（三）

　　【知识重点与学习难点】

　　一、重要单词：

　　act(n), scene, curtain, trash, garbage, charge, adult, , behavior, teenager, punish, period, argument, relationship, force, unpleasant, character, explain, slam, vet(veterinarian), style, mess, thumb, vs(versus), plus, competition, sink, fault, boring.

　　二、重点词组：

　　common to对…来说很普遍, turn up调高声音, 出现 a waste of 浪费, no more不再, spare time空余时间, force….to…强迫（某人）做 , can’t wait to.. 迫不及待地要 , be supposed to被期望或要求, 本应该， do with 处置, 忍受，需要 be a mess/ in a mess乱成一团, leave sb in charge 委托 …..负责, act like行为举止象 …, go unpunished不受惩罚, go out熄灭, have one’s arm crossed双臂交叉抱在胸前, deserve to值得去做,常用否定形式表示“不配” be hard on对某人苛刻, now that既然, in the form of以的形式, than ever before比以前任何时候都, be angry at对某事生气, even if即使, treat sb like…象一样对待 , argue about为 …而争吵, the cause of起因, differ in many ways在许多方面不同, fit badly非常不合身。

　　【难点讲解】

　　1. Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly.

　　埃里克跟着球跑进来，后面跟着一条大狗，狗走得很慢。

　　这句话里有两个不同层面上的状语：过去分词短语“followed by a big dog” 是谓语“runs in”的伴随状语，而现在分词短语“walking very slowly”描述的是大狗跟随埃里克进来的行走方式，是动词“follow”的状语。

　　伴随状语通常由现在分词短语、过去分词短语或介词短语承当。当伴随动作由主语发出时，用现在分词，当伴随动作由其他人或物发出时用过去分词。例如：

　　He ran after the thief, shouting angrily.

　　She sat nervously in the grand sitting room, watched closely by the butler.

　　The soldiers stood silently along the pass, rifles in hand.

　　2. You weren’t supposed to come home until tomorrow.

　　你们应该明天才回家的。

　　be supposed to do sth:被期望或要求去做, 本应该去做。例如;

　　You are supposed to hand in your articles this Friday.

　　Girls are supposed to behave more quietly in this country.

　　在肯定句中until 必须和持续性动词连用时，在否定句里它主要和短暂性动词连用也可以和持续性动词连用，表示直到某时某个动作才开始。Until 还可以用在强调句中。Not until 放在句首时，句子要倒装。例如:

　　He slept until 8 o’clock.

　　He didn’t wake up till e8 o’clock.

　　It was not until 8 o”clock that he woke up.

　　Not until 8 o’clock did he wake up.

　　I won’t be free till Friday.

　　3. The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone, but Spot looks so hungry.

　　本该用来买狗食的钱不见了，但斑点狗看起来饿得厉害。

　　“with which you were to buy dog food” 是定语从句, 当关系代词是介词宾语时,介词常放在关系代词之前。例如:

　　the village we used to live in→the village in which we used to live

　　主语＋be动词+不定式表示“按计划将要做”，例如;

　　We are to hold up the enemy while our troups retreat.

　　The presidential candidate is to make a speech in our town on his way to Washington.

　　4. We thought you were an adult, a person from whom we could expect good decisions.

　　我们原以为你是个成年人，一个我们可以指望他做出正确决定的人。

　　划线部分是“an adult” 的同位语，它和“an adult”所指相同，句法功能也相同，是对“an adult”含义进一步的说明。这个同位于本身又带有定语从句from whom we could expect good decisions 。

　　Expect sth from sb: 期望从某人那里得到或看到某事，例如: You can never expect generosity from a miser.

　　5. This is not a family where bad behavior goes unpunished.

　　我们家不是一个放纵不良行为的家庭。

　　根据上文，this是指 our family。动词go 后面可以跟形容词，表示“变得”，例如：

　　go bad（变质）, go dry（变干）, go mad（发疯）, go international （国际化）。Go 和一些含否定意义的形容词连用，则表示“不受……的, 未被…的”,如: go unchallenged, go unnoticed.

　　His theory has gone unchallenged in the world for half a century.

　　It’s strange that such a mistake can go unnoticed in the textbook.

　　6. If they knew that Spot was ill and we used the money to take him to the vet…

　　假如他们知道Spot得了病, 而我们用那笔钱带他去看兽医的话……..

　　这句话用的是虚拟语气, 省略的部分是: they would understand why the money is gone and the house is a mess. 当说话人只表示一种假设的情况、一种主观愿望，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非真实时，使用虚拟语气。表示和现在事实相反时，主句用过去将来时，条件从句用一般过去时。例如:

　　If I were you, I should wait till next week.

　　I she saw you now, she wouldn’t recognize you.

　　7. None of us stopped to think and we should have.

　　我们本应当停下来想想，而我们都没有那么做。

　　Stop to do表示停下来去做另一件事， stop doing则表示停止正在做的事情。 should have

　　也是一种虚拟语气，表示过去本应当做的事情。这里完整的句子应该是:

　　We should have stopped to think, but none of us did.

　　8. Can you explain to me now why the house was a mess and what you did with the cash we left?

　　你现在能向我解释为什么家里乱成一团，而你又把我们留下的钱拿去干什么了吗?

　　Be (in) a mess表示“乱成一团”； do with 表示“处理、处置”常和what 连用，它和deal with 不同，deal with 表示“处理、应付” we left 虽然只有两个单词，却是一个定语从句，它前面省略了作宾语的关系代词that或which。

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