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世界第八大奇迹客家土楼译文
The Eighth Wonder of the World Hakka Earth Buildings
The traditional residential buildings in the western part of Fujian Province in south China- Hakka Earth Buildings are named by the UNESCO as the eighth world wonder.
The appearance of these earth buildings look as grandiose as the ancient Roman Coliseum. They are suspected to be the source of inspiration for the designs of many modern stadiums. Because of its unique design magnificent structure and its anti-humidity and anti-earthquake nature Hakka Earth Building is branded as the legendary residential building on earth.
Lin Wenlong is a Hakka lad who came all the way to Beijing from one of these earth buildings. He is now a media journalist. Talking about the earth buildings in his hometown he started by telling us the history of the Hakka people.
The Hakka people used to live in central China. They were forced to move down to Fujian Guangdong and Guangxi several hundred years ago because of wars.Since the Hakka people moved to Fujian from somewhere else they had different customs and culture from the local people as the result there were frictions between them. Therefore these circular earth buildings were built for self-protection better.They are able to house as many as a thousand families. However after centuries of vicissitudes the original tensions between the early Hakka settlers and the local people in Fujian Guangdong and Guangxi are long gone. So the defence function was largely reduced.
According to Lin a typical earth building had three to five floors. The first floor was used as kitchen the second floor for storage and the third and the fourth floors as living quarters.
Lin Wenlong said that it is already quite rare now to see many people living in the same earth building. Nowadays as people are getting richer and the living standards getting improved many people have moved out of the earth buildings to live in their own houses. So the earth buildings are gradually becoming architecture of historical values something to see rather than to live in. Each family now enjoys much better privacy than before.
Though Hakka Earth Buildings represent only one architectural style the rich Hakka culture it contains has influenced generations of Hakka people around the world.
“世界第八大奇迹”客家土楼
坐落在中国南方福建省西部的传统民居建筑——客家土楼，被联合国教科文组织惊叹为“世界第八大奇迹”。
土楼的外观既可以与古罗马雄伟的竞技场相媲美，又让人怀疑许多现代体育馆的设计是不是受了它的影响。由于土楼独特的造型，庞大的气势及防潮抗震等优势被誉为世界上独一无二的神话般的民居建筑。
林文龙，是一位从土楼来到北京发展的客家小伙子，目前在一家媒体当记者。提到家乡的土楼?熏他先介绍了客家人的一些历史：
客家人原来居住在中原，几百年前因为战乱才迁移到福建和广东、广西的。由于当时迁移到当地，客家人与当地人在文化习俗上有差异，所以会有摩擦，这样就产生了以防御为主的土楼了，土楼最多的能住千户人。但是几百年风风雨雨过去了，最初客家人到达福建、两广跟当地人的矛盾，到目前来讲已经不存在了，它那种防御的功能可以说大大减弱了。
林文龙说土楼的格局一般都是三层到五层，第一层就相当于厨房，第二层相当于仓库，三、四层是住人的地方。
林文龙说现在很多人住在一个大土楼里的状况，已经不是很普遍了，大家现在都有钱了，随着生活水平的提高，很多人都从大楼里面搬出去，自己去盖房子。土楼已经慢慢地变成了一个遗址性、文物性、观赏性的东西，真正在里面住的是比较少了。作为单家个人私秘性来讲，的确比以前好多了。
土楼虽然仅仅是一种建筑形式，但它所蕴含的客家文化却影响了世世代代遍布在全球的客家人。
牐犜谥泄人的眼中，客家人的特点是团结。特别是旅居海外的客家人更是团结一致，有福同享，有难同当。这种团结互助的精神和客家土楼居住文化有关系。
牐牰杂谡夥矫妫客家青年林文龙解释说，在个体的生存能力比较弱的时候，它就要求你必须互相帮助，互相团结，必须协作，然后才能做更多的事情。客家土楼的建筑格式，就比较善于把比较小的力量用某种方式汇集起来变成一种比较大的力量。这样不管是开拓事业、还是经营生活，都会有比较好的效果。
牐犕谅ピ经被用来维系一个家族、一个村庄的群体利益，但对于现在来讲，这种壁垒森严的格局，已经不符合现代人的需求了，大家纷纷的离开。“土楼毕竟是一个很遥远的记忆，通过自己大脑不断的过滤，留下的都是一些美好的回忆。”林文龙说道。
牐牽图彝谅ゼ窃亓艘欢卫史，几代人的生活轨迹都跟土楼有关系，以后，对于那些没有住过土楼的客家后代来讲，土楼可能只是自己村子里好多外地人光顾的旅游点，就是一个景观。但是土楼代表的、蕴涵的传统，会被客家人当作自己的一种家族文化、族群文化留传下去。
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