一、句型1:Subject (主语)+Verb (谓语动词)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如:
1、Li Ming works very hard.
李明学习很努力。
2、The little girl cried even harder.
小女孩哭得更厉害了。
3、The accident happened yesterday afternoon.
事故是昨天下午发生的。
二、句型2:Subject (主语)+Link. V(系动词)+Predicate(表语)
复合谓语这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类:
(1)表示状态。这样的词有:be, remain, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep, feel等。如:
1、This kind of food tastes delicious.
这种食物吃起来很可口。
2、He looked worried just now.
刚才他看上去有些焦急。
(2)表示变化。这类系动词有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。如:
1、Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.
春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。
2、The tree has grown much taller than before.
这棵树比以前长得高多了。
三、句型3:Subject(主语)+Verb (谓语动词)+Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例:
1、He took his bag and left.
(名词)他拿着书包离开了。
2、Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties.
(代词) 当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。
3、She plans to travel in the coming May Day.
(不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。
4、I don’t know what I should do next.
(从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。
※只能跟不定式作宾语的动词:want, hope, expect, intend, demand, plan, decide, determine, promise, agree, refuse, prepare, manage, set out等。
※只能跟动名词作宾语的动词:suggest, mind, enjoy, practice, finish, prevent, imagine, consider, look forward to, get used to, give up, can’t help等。
四、句型4:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语动词)+Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如:
1、Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.
她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。
2、The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in theLong March.
老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。
上述句子还可以表达为:
1、Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
2、The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
五、句型5:Subject(主语)+Verb (谓语动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)
这种句型中的“宾语+补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的`特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如:
1、You should keep the room clean and tidy.
你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词)
2、We made him our monitor.
(名词)我们选他当班长。
3、His father told him not to play in the street.
(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
●常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。
●注意:动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。如:
1、The boss made him do the work all day.
老板让他整天做那项工作。
2、I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.
昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。
六、句型6:There be +主语+其它
这一结构表示“某地有某物”。主语一般位于there be之后。值得关注的是,当句中有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致:
1、There are two girls and a boy running on the playground.有两个女孩和一个男孩正在操场上跑。
2、There is a cat behind the tree.树后面有一只猫。