实用语法总结之状语从句
实用语法总结之状语从句
状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、方式、结果、条件、让步等八种。
一、时间状语从句
引导词有after,before,as,once,since,till,until,when,whenever,while,as soon as,the moment/minute…（一…就）,the time,the day,every time,next time,each time,by the time of,no sooner…than（一…就）,hardly…when（一…就）。例如：
Each/Every time he comes here,he will drop in on me.
每次他来这儿他都顺便看我。
He was ill last time I saw him.上次我见到他时他病了。
No sooner had she heard the news than she cried.她一听到这个消息就哭了.
【辨析】when与while
when引导的从句动词可以是延续性的或短暂性的，while引导的从句中动词必须是延续性的；在"be…when…”句式中when表"at that time（就在这时）"意，这样用的when不能换为while;while有时并不表示时间，而表示对比，意“而”、“却”，when无这样的用法。例如：When I got home I found the door locked./While（或When）we were working in the fields,it suddenly began to rain./He was wandering through the streets when a bike hit him./His pencil is red,while mine is yellow.
【辨析】till与until
一般情况下可以互换，但until可以位于句首，till则不能。例如：
Until it stops raining，the children can?t go out.雨停了，孩子们才能出去.
=Not until the rain stops can the children go out.
二、地点状语从句
引导词有where，wherever.例如：
I?ll go wherever the people want me to go.(wherever=to any place where)
He works where his grandfather fought.(where=in the place where)
Where there is a will,there is a way.(Where=In the place where)
三、原因状语从句
引导词有because,since,as,now(that)（既然）
回答以why提出的问题时，只能用because,而不能用as等。
since=now(that),表“既然”意，表示已知的或明显的原因，由此加以推论。例如：
Now that/Since you are free today,you may have a rest at home or go out for a walk.
for 是一个并列连词，用来连接两个并列句，引导的句子是对前面一句话的内容的推测或补充说明。例如：It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet./The day has broken,for the birds are singing.（这两句中的for都不可换为because或as,since等。）
四、目的状语
引导词有so that,in order that,that ,incase（免得，以防）。目的状语从句谓语常含有can/could/may/might/will/would等情态动词。例如：
He ran as fast as possible in order that he could catch the bus./Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget.请明天再提醒我一下，以免我忘记。
五、方式（或比较）状语从句
引导词有as,as if,as though,than,as/so…as,the more…the more.例如：
Tom is not so/as tall as John./It looks as if it is going to rain./He runs faster than I.
注：as…as既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句，so…as只能用于否定句。
六、结果状语从句
引导词有so…that,such…that,so that.例如：
1. He works so hard that he makes great progress in his studies.
2. It?s such a difficult problem that nobody can work it out.
3. There?s not any noise here so that I feel very comfortable.
第3个例句中so that从句不是目的状语从句，从结构上看没有can,may等情态动词，从意思上看I feel very comfortalbe是There is not any noise的结果.
七、条件状语从句
引导词有if,unless,as/so long as,on condition that,in case（如果）等，从句的时态用一般现在时（含现在完成时），一般过去时（含过去完成时）分别代替一般将来时和过去将来时。例如：
If it rains tomorrow,I won?t go there./He said he would not go back home unless he had achieved a lot./I?ll study so long as. I?m alive./In case he come,let me know.如果他来的话，告诉我一声。
If 引导的条件句可以是真实性条件句，也可以是非真实性条件句、（用于虚拟语气）
八、让步状语从句
引导词有though,although,even if,even though,as,whoever,whatever,
however,no matter+what/who/when/…等。例如：
Though/Although he is ill,he still goes to school./She started her experiment,even though she had little money./Whatever you found,you must turn it in./However hard he worked,he hardly made any progress.
as 作“尽管”意时，一般将其句中的表语放在句首，例如：Young as he is,he knows a lot.=Although he is young,he knows a lot.若表语为名词，冠词要省略，例如：
Child as/though he is,he has remembered a lot of English words.（此句中though不可换为although）
although或though不能与but同时出现在一个复合句中，但是"Although/Though…，(and)yet…”句式却是正确的。例如：
Although it is raining heavily,yet they are repairing the bridge.
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