【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．由come构成的常用短语：
come about出现；发生
come across偶然遇到或找到
come along进展
come around/round恢复；还原
come at达到；得到
come back反驳；回来；恢复
come by经过；取得
come down失去财富或地位；下来；倒塌
come in到达；进来
come off离开；举行；实现
come upon偶然发现或遇到
come through经历；传出
come up走近；发生
come over过来；抓住
come to达到；继承
come out发行或发表；结束；结果；出来
come on快点；赶快
2．与think相关的短语:
come to think of it细想一下
think a lot of喜欢;尊敬
think aloud自言自语
think and think细想
think away想开了;想得忘了
think back to回忆起
think twice再三考虑, 踌躇
think for认为;预料
think over仔细考虑
think to oneself盘算, 自思自忖
First think, then speak. (谚)先思而后言
Think about/ of思考, 考虑; 回顾, 想起; 想到(某人, 某事)
Think better of改变看法; (对某人)有较高的评价
Think highly (much/ no end/ well) of…评价及高; 重视, 尊重; 器重, 抗得起
Think little/ nothing of轻视, 满不在乎; 对……毫不考虑. 毫不踌躇
Think one is it自以为了不起, 自高自大
Think (sth.) out/ through仔细考虑; 想出; 设计出
Thank today and speak tomorrow. (谚)熟思而后言
Think up想出, 想起; 捏造, 虚构; 设计出, 发明
3．由look构成的常用断语
look at看; 注视
look for找,寻找
look to注意; 指望
look into调查
look after照料
look down on轻视, 看不起
look forward to盼望;期待
look in顺便看望; 短暂访问
look out注意
look over翻阅, 浏览
look up好转; 仰望; 拜访
look down upon轻视; 轻蔑
look up to仰望; 尊敬
look back (与on, to连用)回想, 记忆
look on(常与as连用)旁观; 看作
二、词义辨析
1．too much与 much too大不相同
too much: 中心词在much, 意为 “太多,过分”, 在句中作定语,修辞不可数名词,也可用作状语, 修辞动词, 还可用作主语、表语等.
例如:
Sorry that I’ve put you too much trouble.
很抱歉给你添了太多麻烦.
He drank too much at the dinner party.
餐会上他喝的太多了.
It really is too much of your father to bring guests home to dinner without letting me know in advance.
你父亲实在太过分了,事先不告诉我一声就带客人到家里来吃饭.
Too much has been talked about the topic.
关于这个话题已经谈过太多了.
much too: 中心词在too, 意思是 “极其,非常”, 修辞形容词或副词,表示程度.
例如:
The problem is much too difficult for me.
这道题对我来说太难了.
His condition is much too bad, and needs a further examination.
他的身体状况非常糟糕, 需要作进一步检查.
2．辨析：though, although, even though, as though
although 和 though：“虽然，尽管”的意思。都可用作连词引导让步状语从句，两者可互换。
例如：
They are generous although/ though they are poor.
他们尽管穷，却十分慷慨。
though 引导让步状语从句时和as一样，表语可以提前；此外，though 还可以用作副词。
例如：
Hardworking though/as he was, there was never enough money to pay the bills.
他虽然工作很辛苦，但却一直是入不敷出。
It’s a hard work; I enjoy it, though.
这是件苦差，不过我倒很乐意干。（though 用作副词）。
even though：和even if同义， “尽管，即使,纵然”，用作连词引导让步状语从句，语气比though, although更强。
例如：
She won’t leave the television set, even though/ even if her husband is waiting for his supper.
即使她丈夫等着她吃晚饭，她也不愿意离开电视机。
as though：和as if 同义，“好像，仿佛”，用作连词，引导表语从句和方式状语从句。
例如：
He sounds as though/ as if he’s got s sore throat.
他的声音听起来好像是喉咙痛。
He opened his lips as though/ as if he would say something.
他张开嘴，好像要说什么。
三、重点句型
1．Now that we are developing new technology at such a high pace, the true challenge is to find new ways of using it. 既然我们正高速地发展新技术, 真正的挑战在于寻找新的使用途径.
now that是固定短语, 意为 “既然; 由于”, 引出原因状语从句, that可省略.
如:
Now (that) he is well again, he can go on with his English study.
2．Maybe it is time for the rest of society to accept me as I am and get used to the fact that while I may not be able to walk, there are many other great things I can do. 或许到了社会上的其他人承认我的时候了, 到了他们接受这样一事实的时候: 虽然我不会走路, 但仍有很多事情我可以做.
accept…as…“承认……是, 同意……是, 认可……是”. 如
We have to accept things as they are.
while此处意为 “虽然; 尽管”. 如:
While he has many friends, Peter is often lonely.
3．If we look only for the correct answer and reject ideas that don’t provide a complete answer, we may get stuck, 如果我们只找正确答案, 拒绝那些不能给我们完整答案的想法, 我们就可能被困住.
get stuck是被动语态, 意为 “被困住; 被卡住”. 如
I got stuck in a heavy traffic jam.
四、语法复习
复习定语从句
1．关系代词as引导的定语从句.
as可以引导限制性定语从句, 也可以引导非限制性定语从句, as在从句中可做主语, 宾语, 表语.
如:
The people as you describe are thought to be fools.
As is known to all, Edison invented the telephone.
as引导非限制性定语从句时和which的区别:
（1）as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句首,句中,句末; which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句的后面.
（2）as经常和be, 和被动语态连用; which引导的非限制性定语从句中经常用主动语态.
（3）as多用于这些习惯用语中:as anybody can see; as is well-known; as we had expected; as often happens; as it is; as has been said before; as is mentioned above; as is often the case. / which
2．代词/数词/名词+of whom引导的非限制性定语从句.
如:
I have many friends, some of whom are businessmen.
或:I have many friends, of whom some are businessmen.
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable.
或:Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, whose price was very reasonable.
The Chinese team won 16 gold medals in Barcelona Olympic Games, 12 of which were won by women.
或:The Chinese team won 16 gold medals in Barcelona Olympic Games, of which 12 were won by women.
3．time当先行词: 若作为 “时间”讲, 关系代词用that或省略; 作为”一段时期”讲, 用when引导定语从句. 如:
There was a time when I hated to go to school.
It’s time that we went to school.
4．定语从句中谓语动词与先行词保持一致.
如:
He is the only one of the students who is often praised by the teacher.
He is one of the students who are often praised by the teacher.
5．对于一些既可以作主语, 宾语, 表语, 又可以作状语的先行词, 我们在选择关系代词或关系副词时, 可以使用 “代入法”, 把先行词代入到定语从句中, 看它所作的成分, 如果能作的是主语, 宾语, 表语, 那么我们就用关系代词, 如果它作的是状语, 那么我们用关系副词.
This is the reason why he had a few days off.
This is the reason that或which或不填 he told me.
I’ll never forget the days that或which或不填
We spent together.
I’ll never forget the days when we worked together.
This is the place that或which或不填 we visited
last year.
This is the place we where worked last year.
6．注意way后接定语从句的情况
当先行词是, way意为 “方式” “方法”时, 引导定语从句的关系代词有三种情况: that; in which和省略.
如:
The man was puzzled by the familiar way that/in which/省略 the waiter and I chatted with each other.
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考点] 现在完成进行时态表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在, 且有可能继续下去。
[考例1] Now that she is out of job, Lucy _______ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A．had considered B．has been considered
C．considered D．is going to consider
[点拨] 选B。根据所提供的情景but she hasn’t decided yet，说明Lucy 还在考虑这件事，也就是说consider这个动作过去已经开始一直持续到现在，且仍然在继续进行。这里要用现在完成进行时态。
[考点] “must have +-ed” 表示对过去发生的动作或状态作出的肯定判断或推测，翻译成“（过去）一定．．．”。
[考例2] -- The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
-- Oh, dear! She ________ a lot of difficulties!
A． may go through B． might go through
C．ought to have gone through D．must have gone through
[点拨] 选D。根据上文stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years，说明下面一句是对过去发生动作的肯定的推测。意思是：“她一定经受了不少困难。”
[考例3] -- Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?
-- Something ________ to him.
A．must happen B． should have happened
C． could have happened D．must have happened
[点拨] 选D。“Tom从来不迟到，但现在每来”。所以这里要用must have done 对过去的情况作出肯定的推测。should have done 表示“过去本应该做．．．（而事实上没做）”；could have done 表示“过去本能/可以做．．．（而没做）”，含有责备的语气。
[考例4] This cake is very sweet. You ________ a lot of sugar in it.
A． should put B．could have put C．might put D．must have put
[点拨] 选D。句义是：“饼很甜，肯定放多了糖”。表示对过去动作的肯定推测或判断。
[考点] cut 构成的固定短语。cut up切碎； cut down 砍倒；cut out 切断； cut in 插嘴，打断。
【基础演练】
一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。
1．He is wearing a sad ______ (面部) expression.
2．The boy is very ______ (好奇) about everything and always asking strange questions.
3．The prisoner _________ (企图) an escape but failed.
4．You should go now, o______ you’ll miss the bus.
5．He _______ (拒绝) my offer of help.
6．His father has a s______ of humour.
7．What does the word m_______ in the context?
8．We should not judge a peoson just by his a________. I think his quality is more important.
9．Children are not p______ to swim here; it’s too dangerous.
10．You must pay attention to your p______ a and intonation when you read the text.
二、单项填空
1．It is quite obvious ______we must apply other methods of setting the problem.
A．whether B．what C．how D．that
2．The boy is not very smart, so ______often takes him quite a while to do what he is told to.
A． there B．that C．they D．it
3．Today there are more opportunities for disabled people to make ______contribution to ______society.
A． a; the B．a; 不填 C．不填; the D．the; a
4．He promised to send me an invitation to visit their country ______until I was 60 years old.
A． each two years B． each other year
C．every other year D． every second years
5．We can’t finish the work in such a short time; you must ______our lack of experience.
A．allow to B．allow for C. allow of D．allow into
6．I felt very disappointed when my repeated request that I join the club was ______.
A．replaced B．resisted C．rejected D．removed
7．He is quite ______of the risk, but he has no choice but to go ahead.
A．eager B．aware C．sensitive D．serious
8．The man tried to break into the shop during the night, but got ______in the chimney.
A．stuck B．to be stuck C．sticking D．to stick
9． The criminal ______from the two policemen who were holding him and ran away.
A．broke off B．broke away C．broke up D．broke down
10． ______that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.
A． For B．Despite C．Since D．Now
【能力拓展】
In America, seldom do you go anywhere without hearing a principle called WIN-WIN. It sounds strange to me at first because throughout my childhood, I have always been taught to try everything possible to win an upper-hand, rather than to help other people win. However, as time goes by, I have gradually comprehended the essence（真谛）of WIN-WIN principle─it is the attitude of seeking mutual benefit.
When I was little, I used to play Chinese checkers（跳棋）which include two basic tactics（战术）: One is to create paths for yourself; the other is to block the passages of your rival. Players may apply these two totally different approaches in the game, but the key for the player to win is to continuously create paths for him even if his opponent may take advantage of it. Finally he can always reach the destination（目的地）a few steps ahead of the other player. Meanwhile, some player may take another approach to prevent his opponent from moving forward at all costs. By this he may get a short-term benefit, but couldn’t fix attention on the final goal, thus he would never truly develop further.
In the 1990s, a strategy called WIN-WIN became widespread in the western world. Its core is to achieve your objective while giving other people some benefits, so there is no real loser. One example of applying the WIN-WIN principle is the voluntary system in US. Most Americans advocate（提倡）the spirit of social service and voluntary contribution. In US, schools and children organizations usually encourage and support kids to be engaged in community service so that the voluntary spirit can be enrooted in their minds from childhood. Moreover, a crucial（决定性的）standard for universities to judge new students is whether they have worked for the community or not.
In China, it is quite usual that some people are too selfish and never take other people’s interests into consideration, while someone who really has courage to do something for the public is often called “foolish” or “stupid”. Actually helping other people can be of great delights for the helper, for he can also learn something crucial for his life such as sympathy, care, devotion, etc. So only if you take other people’s interests into earnest consideration can you assure your own gain.
1．The purpose of the author in writing the passage is __________.
A．to tell us the cultural differences between China and USA.
B． to tell us the different educational systems both in US and China.
C． to tell us the importance and meaning of WIN-WIN.
D．to show that WIN-WIN is popular in US and China.
2． Which of the following can be the best example of carrying out the Win-Win principles?
A． Volunteers B．Chinese C．Service workers D．Children
3．What is the author’s attitude towards Win-Win?
A．criticism B．encouragement C．disagreement D．doubt
4．Which of the following statements in NOT true for WIN-WIN principle?
A．to take others’ interests seriously
B．to learn something useful for our life
C．to gain mutual benefit
D．to try to get some benefits from others
5．The underlined words “at all costs” in the second paragraph means “_______” in Chinese.
A．代价高 B．不惜任何代价 C．完全失败 D．以全部费用
参考答案
高二部分
Units 17-18 (B2)
基础演练
一、1．facial 2．curious 3．attempted 4．otherwise/or 5．rejected 6．sense 7．mean 8．appearance 9．permitted 10．pronunciation
二、1.D 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.D
能力拓展
1-5 CABDB
1． C 主旨题。文章主要讲双赢的意义和重要性。
2． A 文章第三段 “Its core is to achieve your objective while giving other people some benefits, so there is no real loser. One example of applying the WIN-WIN principle is the voluntary system in US.” 解释了WIN-WIN原则, 并举例说明了这一原则的应用。
3． B 推理题.根据全文可推测作者的态度。答案: B。
4． D 了解双赢的原则：Its core is to achieve your objective while giving other people some benefits, so there is no real loser. (其核心是达到自己目标的同时给别人以利益) 我们可判断 D 项不符合WIN-WIN原则。
5． B 猜词义。 at all costs 的意思是 “不惜任何代价”。