补充材料
1． 请参看paper-copy的红笔校对稿。
2．补充材料 1（请补在第12页）
D: Writing
After reading Passage One in Reading comprehension, you know something about Morse Solomon, an American scientist. Maybe you are interested in what he has done and want to know more. Now write a letter asking Morse Solomon to publish his ideas in the magazine Popular Science so that more people can know about them.
In your letter you need to
1) tell Mr Solomon who you are and how you happened to know his ideas;
2) tell Mr Solomon what you think of his ideas and suggest him getting them published;
3) give Mr Solomon two reasons for your suggestion;
.
3. 补充材料 2（请补在第21页）
Unit Two
D: Writing
Read Passage One above (See Reading comprehension) again, and write a short passage about how your teacher use the new media - Internet -in his/her English teaching and what changes the Internet has brought into your classroom.
You need to include the following in your essay:
1. give two or three advantages of using the Internet in English teaching and learning;
2. give one or two the problems about using the Internet;
4. 补充材料 3（请补在第30页）
Unit Three
D: Writing
Do you live in the city or the countryside? Are there any famous buildings in your city / hometown / home village? Now write a short passage about one of your local buildings.
In your passage you need to
1. tell us what kind of building it is, where it is, when was it built;
2. tell us something about its style: how is it different from the other buildings you have seen.
5. 补充材料 4（请补在第41页）
Unit Four
E: Read and writing
Read the following poem very carefully and write a short comment about it.
Friends
Jean Kyler McManus
A friend is someone we turn to
when our spirits need a lift,
A friend is someone we treasure
for our friendship is a gift.
A friend is someone who fills our lives
with beauty, joy, and grace
And makes the whole world we live in
a better and happier place.
Here are some tips for your comment:
☆What do you think of what the poet has said in the poem?
☆ What are your ideas about friendship based on your own experiences?
6. 补充材料 5（请用来替代第73页的B2: Useful structures）
B2: Useful grammatical structures
1. It looked as if she were dead.
1) Why doesn’t she buy us a drink? It isn’t as if she had no money. (=she has plenty of money.)
2) - “He’s gone.”
- “As if I cared.” (=I don’t care at all.)
*But sometimes no subjunctive mood is needed:
1) It looks as if it is going to rain.
2) We’ve missed the bus. It looks as if (=It seems) we’ll have to walk.
3) He shook his head as if to say “Don’t trust her”.
2. …and knowing what to do can mean difference between life and death.
1) Calling an ambulance or the police is important.
2) Using the mouth-to-mouth method is effective when we try to start his or her breathing at once.
3) Learning about first aid is the best way to make sure that we will not have to feel that we could have done more.
3. We can prepare for an emergency by learning more about first aid.
1) We can do a lot of good by simply asking “are you all right?”
2) This can be done by gently tipping the person’s head back slightly.
3) We can also check a person’s pulse by putting a finger on the person’s neck or wrist.
4. But most of us will eventually find ourselves in a situation where we or someone else needs help.
1) When he woke up, he found himself in the hospital.
When we arrived, we found him in bed.
I didn’t find her an easy woman to deal with.
2) Think of a situation where this phrase can be used.
7. 补充材料 6（请用来替代第81页的B2: Useful grammatical structures, 注意连原来的第1题调到Useful phrases处，作为第8点。）
7. take action: do something with the intention of gaining a desired result
1) We have to take firm action to deal with the most serious environmental problem.
2) Conferences like the Earth Summit help people understand that there exist serious problems and that there’s still time to take action.
8. 1. advise (against) doing sth. / advise sb. (not) to do sth. / advise that sb. (should) do sth.
1) The lawyers have advised against signing the contract.
2) I advise your leaving early /that you leave early.
3) I would advise people not to buy products that harm the environment.
4) I advised her to wait. =I advised that she (should) wait.
B2: Useful grammatical structures
1．Since then, several Earth Summits have been held and much progress has been made.
1) Since its publication, this book has been translated into many languages.
2) Since the 1980s, swift progress has been made in culture and education.
3) Since the introduction of the new method, production costs have been greatly reduced.
2. Most of these deaths happen in rural areas, where people burn wood and coal to cook food and stay warm.
1) I’m going to visit Kungming, where you can see flowers all the year round.
2) Guangzhou is a modern city, where you can find a lot of huge buildings.
3) Have you heard of the new maglev train, which is environmentally friendly, energy-saving and travels at an amazing speed?
3. If we are to develop the world successfully, we must make sure that everyone is able to take part in the new world we create.
1) If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.
2) If we were to get hurt trying to save someone, we would not be able to help.
3) Visitors are to leave when the bell rings.
4. All too often, global development means that rich people get richer while the poor get poorer.
1) Schools in cities tend to be better equipped, while those in the country are relatively poor.
2) Their country has plenty of oil, while ours has none.
3) He is fat and tall while his wife is thin and short.
5. Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.
1) Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation.
2) Only when people are better educated will there be a chance of less violence and fewer wars.
3) Not until you've done your homework can you go out and play.
8. 补充材料 7（请用来替代第88页的B2: Useful structures）
B2: Useful grammatical structures
1. You asked me to write you something about the death of my uncle Pliny, who died in an unforgettable disaster.
1) He was brought in a letter from his friend’s wife Rectina, who was frightened by the danger.
2) Frank Lloyd Wright, who built an art museum in New York, found himself inspired by Japanese seashells.
3) “The only trouble,” Hawking, who is British, says, “is that it gives me an American accent.”
2. He ordered a boat be prepared.
In clauses after “order”, “suggest”, “insist”, “demand”, “require”, and so on, “should + verb” structure is usually used and “should” can be omitted.
1) He suggested that the patient (should) be sent to hospital at once.
2) The teacher demanded that we (should) get there before eight the next morning.
3. The flames came from the homes of farmers who had left in a panic with fires still on.
1) The emperor appeared, with nothing on.
2) She is sound asleep, with all the lights on.
4. Helped by two slaves, the scientist stood up, and immediately fell down, dead.
Sometimes adjectives can be used as adverbial to indicate a state.
1) They came in, tired and hungry.
2) The sun rises red in the east.
3) The old lady lay in bed, awake all the night.
5. Another one like this, and that’s the last of her.
1) One more minute, and I’ll finish my essay.
(=If you give me one more minute, I’ll finish my essay.)
2) Study harder, and you’ll pass the exam.
(=If you study harder, you’ll pass the exam.)
3) Study harder, or you’ll fail the exam.
(=If you don’t study harder, you’ll fail the exam.)
9. 补充材料 8（请插在第56页，将原来的B2: 改为B3。）
B2: Useful grammatical structures
1. E-commerce, or business done on the Internet, is becoming more popular.
1) The smaller islands, such as the Isle of Man, are neither part of the United Kingdom nor independent.
2) Some disease, for example smallpox, have already been successfully defeated.
3) Instead of searching a crowded store for basic goods, such as food and clothes, people want to go to a pleasant mall.
2. Current trends indicate that transportation is becoming cleaner, faster and safer.
1) New technology is being used to make sure that the cars we use do not pollute the air.
2) They realize that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation.
3) Many people in the West say that English is one of the easiest languages to learn.
3. The way we view learning and knowledge is also changing.
1) Many companies have already begun reforming the way they do business.
2) New discoveries may lead to changes in the way diseases are cured and medicines are made.
3) I could tell by the way he looked at me that he was annoyed.
4. They are careful about what they eat and exercise regularly.
1) The schools of the future will probably be quite different from what they are today.
2) Lei Feng is always remembered for what he did and said.
3) We can never be satisfied with what we have achieved.
普通高中人教版教材
掌握英语
高中二年级第一学期
广东省教学教材研究室 编
广东教育出版社
说 明
《掌握英语》是广东省教学教材研究室组织编写的《掌握学习指导丛书》之一。本书是根据人民教育出版社2003年重新修订的并经全国中小学教材审定委员会审查通过的全日制普通高级中学教科书（必修）《英语》（Senior English for China Student’s Book），并参照了九年义务教育、高级中学《英语课程标准》的要求编写的。目的是积极贯彻新课程标准精神，通过围绕课本内容补充大量的相关材料帮助学生学习和训练，达到开拓学生的学习视野，丰富学生的知识面，帮助他们掌握教学内容，提高学习成效的目的。
本书共四册，每学期一册。每册按课本单元编写，每单元由两大板块组成：Language Focus和Integrating skills。 Language focus 有Word study和 Grammar两部分。该板块主要是围绕单元的语言知识进行解释与扩充，巩固和提高。Integrating skills由Listening and talking 和Reading and writing两大部分组成。该板块的内容与话题相关，并注重情景设置，配有不同形式的听、读材料和训练，以及说、写活动任务。目的是在大量的内容相关、循环反复的训练中培养学生的综合运用语言的能力。本书构思新颖，用英语编写，有一定的广度和难度，并积极体现新课标精神。本册为第二册（上），供高中二年级第一学期使用。
《掌握英语》是由黄志红老师组织，肖鹏老师构思，编写组集体讨论，最后分工编写而成的。参加编写的人员有：第1-4单元：由肖鹏老师和沈益老师共同编写，第5-6单元：由王晓贤老师编写；第7-10单元：由镇祝桂老师和黄广萍老师编写。
本书由唐锡玲老师负责统稿、审稿，罗耀权老师负责校对。
本书配有录音带、参考答案和听力录音材料，方便师生使用。
本书编写组
2004年8月
目 录
Unit 1----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit 2 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit 3-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit 4 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit 7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit 8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit 9 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
参考答案---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
听力原文录音材料-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit 1
Making a difference
Part I
【Language focus】
A: Word study
A1: Topic words
What makes a great scientist differ from others? What are the characteristics of a successful scientist? What’s the scientific spirit? According to the passage, how can we make a difference? Try to find out as many words and phrases as you can to describe a famous scientist. By talking about the great scientists and their famous quotes, we students will be surely encouraged to devote ourselves to science. Do you know any other well-known sayings? If you do, enter more information into the chart.
Fill in the chart.
Scientists The quotes Meaning
Benjamin Franklin Never leave that until tomorrow.
Thomas Edison Achievement provides the only real
pleasure in life.
Albert Einstein Try not to become a man of success
but rather try to become a man of value.
Isaac Newton If I have done the public any service,
it’s due to patient thought.
Copernicus It’s man’s duty to be courageous
enough to seek for truth.
A2: Tips for word study
1. Match the new words on the left with their meanings on the right.
Words Meanings
1. undertake A. say, tell in advance
2. seek B. eager to know or learn
3. predict C. start a piece of work
4. debate D. able to learn and understand things easily
5. curious E. look for, try to find
6. intelligent F. easy to understand or see
7. obvious G. be the same (with sth. else.)
8. match H. to discuss a subject in a formal way
9. disable I. of science
10. scientific J. to make someone unable to use a part of their body properly
2. Choose one word from the above column on the left to finish the sentences. Pay attention to the correct forms of the words.
1) Nothing __________, nothing find.
2) All human beings are much more _________ than animals.
3) Mr. Smith __________ a new experiment last year.
4) It’s _________ that she knew little about it.
5) I was _________ to know what would happen.
6) They had a heated __________ with the manager.
7) The weather bureau _________ rain for tomorrow.
8) A ___________ theory is the result of the _________method.
9) This painting doesn’t __________the curtains.
10) Stephen Hawking, the_____________ scientist, devotes himself to science and achieves great success.
B: Grammar
B1. Useful phrases
1. work on: be busy with
1) She has been working on the book since the beginning of this year.
2) They began to work on inventing a new machine for office work.
3) I worked on a report of the experiment last night.
2. go by: pass
1) As months went by, the work seemed endless.
2) Several years went by before we met again.
3) As time goes by, her hair is turning gray.
3. go on with: continue with
1) Let’s go on with our discussion.
2) Just go on with your own work. It’s none of your business.
3) Jack went abroad to go on with his study last month.
4. dream of: imagine
1) When I was a little girl, I always dreamed of becoming a teacher.
2) Peter used to dream of living on a desert island.
3) He knew the wonderful place he dreamed of did not exist.
5. turn out: prove (to be)
1) Sometimes a bad thing turns out to be a good one.
2) The plan of raising penguins in Guangzhou turned out a failure.
3) To our surprise, the final exam turned out to be very easy.
6. use up: run out of ; exhausted
1) The soldiers were very tired. They have used up all their energy.
2) They were so hungry that they used up all the food at breakfast.
3) The boy has used up all his pocket money in only three days.
7. make a difference: have an important effect or influence on something or someone
1) One false step will make great difference .
2) It makes no difference to me whether you go or stay.
3) Painting the walls white will make a big difference to this room.
8. be satisfied with: be pleased with
1) We’re satisfied with the result of the experiment.
2) The teacher was very satisfied with your progress.
3) Are you satisfied with what he has done so far?
9. what if: used to ask what you should do or what the result will be if something happens, especially something unpleasant
1) What if this plan of yours fails, what then?
2) What if a storm should come up?
3) － What if it rains tomorrow?
－We'll just have to postpone the picnic.
10. the other way around: in the opposite way
1) You can try to consider it in the other way around.
2) As is known to all, the earth moves around the sun, not the other way around.
3) It is vital to match the software to the task, not the other way around.
B2: Useful grammatical structures
1. There did not seem much point in working on my PhD ―I did not expect to survive that long.
1) There’s no point in wasting time― He has never been that late before.
2) What’s the point of arguing further? ― I didn’t expect he was that rude.
3) There is very little point in protesting― The manager was that angry.
2. Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamt of.
1) My brother didn’t watch TV last night. Nor did my mother.
2) I don’t think it is necessary to carry out this plan. Nor does he.
3) She could hardly speak Japanese. Nor could I.
3. In the book, Hawking explains both what it means to be a scientist and how science works.
1) Your idea won’t work in practice.
2) My brain doesn’t seem to be working very well today.
3) The medicine I took worked. I feel much better now.
4. People laughed at Zhang Heng when he first introduced his seismograph and it was only later that the world recognized his greatness.
1) It was only when I read his poems for the second time that I began to appreciate their beauty.
2) It was because of bad weather that the football match had to be put off.
3) Was it during the Second World War that the building was destroyed?
5. Everyone has his or her special skills and interests, and only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference.
1) Only in this way can we solve the difficult problem.
2) Only when one loses freedom does he know its value.
3) Only when the math class began did he realize that he had left his book at home.
B3: Key grammatical items
The Infinitive
The structure of the Infinitive is “ to do”, its negative form is “not to do”. It can be used as the subject, object, attribute, adverbial and so on.
1. The subject
1) To see is to believe.
2) To live is to work.
3) It is important for us to learn English well.
2. The object
1) I want to go to Xinjiang with Dad next month.
2) They decided to begin the experiment at once.
3) We find it necessary to learn computer.
3. The attribute
1) There is nothing to worry about.
2) They have a large house to live in.
3) She was the first to come and the last to leave.
4. The adverbial
4) The old man sat down to have a rest.
5) Tom hurried to the school to find nobody there.
6) In order to pass the exam, all the students are working hard.
C: Key grammatical items and practice
Exercises
1. Read the following sentences and decide if the underlined parts are used as subjects, objects, attributes or adverbials.
1) To talk to Stephen Hawking is a great pleasure. ( )
2) To be a teacher, one must first be a student. ( )
3) Learn to walk before you run. ( )
4) I have something important to tell you. ( )
5) It takes time to know a man. ( )
6) Please remember to bring me the book I want. ( )
7) She gets up early every day in order to catch the early bus. ( )
8) I have got a lot of work to do even on Sunday. ( )
2. Choose the best answer.
1) The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _______ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make
C. not making D. do not make
2) ----- The light in the office is still on.
----- Oh, I forgot ________________when I left.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
3) Paul doesn’t have to be made _________. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn
C. learned D. learning
4) I’ve worked with children before, so I know what _________ in my new job.
A. expected B. expects
C. to expect D. to be expecting
5) Mr. Smith warned her daughter ___________ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never drive
C. never drinking D. never drive
6) Madame Curie is believed ____________ the radium.
A. to discover B. discovered
C. discovering D. to have discovered
3. Complete the following sentences.
1) 说比做容易。
_________ is much easier than ________.
2) 爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。
__________ and _____________ are both great happiness.
3) 汤姆希望有人邀请他参加晚会。
Tom hopes _______________ to the party.
4) 快点！我们没时间了。
Hurry up! We have no time ____________.
5) 据说他到过长城两次。
He is said _____________to the Great Wall twice.
6) 听到这消息，她激动得说不出话。
On hearing the news, she was too excited __________.
Part II
Integrating skills
A: Listening and speaking
A1: Listen to the tape twice and write out the missing words.
The Internet has made a great ___1___in our life. It makes it possible for people all over the world to ___2___ with one another quickly and cheaply. It is a computer network that uses the telephone system to link together millions of ___3___ around the world. Once you’re connected to the Internet, there are lots and lots of different things you can do. You can send ___4___ to your friends or you can look through all sorts of ___5___ on something called the World Wide Web.
There are all sorts of computers connected to the___6___. Most are small machines sitting on people’s ___7___ but many are powerful computers in universities, government offices or large companies. All these computers ___8___ by people and organizations, but no one actually owns the Internet itself. This means that no single company or group can ___9___ what happens on the Internet. Also no one really knows how many people are connected to it. It’s thought that there could be ___10___ people on the Net, connected to over 15 million computers!
A2: Listen to the tape twice and choose the best answer.
1. Who is John Vincent Atanasoff?
A. The inventor of Internet.
B. The inventor of electronic digital computer.
C. The inventor of computer controller.
2. What can you get from the passage you heard?
A. We can live quite well without any computers around us today.
B. We will find ourselves helpless without any computers in our life today.
C. Computers don’t work in all parts of our life toady.
3. How many fields where computers are used does the writer mention in the passage?
A. About nine fields.
B. About ten fields.
C. About eleven fields.
4. When does the computer develop rapidly enough according to the passage?
A. In the last ten years.
B. About twenty years ago.
C. Within the last twenty years.
5. What can you learn from the passage you heard?
A. Computer has changed all aspects of human life.
B. Computer will take all the places of human beings.
C. The capabilities of computers will reach the peak of its technology.
B: Reading and doing
B1: Read the following passage and choose the best one from the words given in the blanks.
Electrifying claims for DNA are dashed
Electrifying claims for DNA are dashed
Can DNA act as electricity conductor(导体)? Some physicists say __1__ (it / that / this) is a very good conductor. Others believe it does not conduct __2__ (electric / electrical / electricity) at all.
However, an agreement in opinion has become known recently. __3__ (Although / But / So) the molecule(分子) can transport electrons __4__ (at / on / over) a length of a few base pairs, allowing it to turn oxidative(氧化) damage __5__ (apart / away / out) from important sections, it fails to conduct over __6__ (long / longer / longest) distances. That will dash long-held __7__ (wants / hopes / wishes) that the self-copying molecule could be controlled and __8__ (use / used / using) to make self-assembling nano-wires(微丝状).
Researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles, have hammered the final nail in the coffin __9__ (by / in / with) a thorough and complete paper offered to Physical Review Letters. They show that conduction in a strand of DNA __10__ (various / variety / varies) directly with humidity(湿度)。 This shows that it is the layer of water molecules putting into a fitting case of the DNA, that is conducting over long distances, not the DNA itself,
"DNA __11__ (has / is / was) a water layer under practically any conditions. We have systematically changed __12__ (a / any / the) number of water layers and shown that the conductivity arises __13__ (away / from / out) water molecules, not the electrons on the DNA," says George Gruner.
B2: Read the passage and pick up the best choice for each blank.
Cats can catch SARS - and pass it on
Cats can become infected (传染) with the SARS virus - and they can pass it on. But the researcher who made the discovery __1__ that the chance of a person catching SARS from their pet cats is "infinitely remote".
Albert Osterhaus of Erasmus University in __2__ Netherlands and the other doctors he worked together were the first to recreate SARS in monkeys __3__ infecting them with the SARS coronavirus (冠状病毒). The __4__ proved that the virus __5__ SARS. "But monkey experiments are __6__ expensive. We wanted an alternative animal for __7__ potential drugs and vaccines(疫苗)," Osterhaus told New Scientist.
The team __8__ that cats and ferrets (雪貂) can become infected with SARS. Ferrets __9__ quite ill, with __10__ the same diffuse pneumonia(肺炎) symptoms __11__ humans. The team plans to __12__ studying the disease in ferrets.
The cats, meanwhile, showed no symptoms - but they got rid of the virus, and passed it __13__ the uninfected cats in the same cage. "This shows the virus __14__ more promiscuous(杂交) than we __15__," says Osterhaus.
1. A. says B. speaks C. talks D. tells
2. A. a B. / C. the D. this
3. A. at B. by C. from D. with
4. A. reason B. illness C. action D. experiment
5. A. causes B. caused C. reasoned D. reasons
6. A. much B. very C. well D. most
7. A. checking B. examining C. puzzling D. testing
8. A. found B. saw C. discovered D. invented
9. A. are B. change C. become D. fall
10. A. many B. much C. little D. few
11. A. like B. that C. as D. similar
12. A. continue B. go C. hold D. stop
13. A. on B. by C. with D. to
14. A. has B. is C. are D. have
15. A. thought B. think C. have D. had
C: Reading comprehension
Passage One
American scientist Morse Solomon has developed an unusual method to make meat softer. First, put a kilogram or more of firm meat in a container filled with water. Add a small amount of explosives. Then, mix carefully and explode. No, Mr. Morse is not attempting to destroy the meat. Instead, he is making it softer and also killing harmful bacteria. Mr. Solomon is a meat scientist with the United States Agricultural Research Service. He began to explore the use of shock waves to soften meat ten years ago. His method is called the Hydrodynamic Pressure Process. The theory is simple. Shock waves from an explosion travel through water to the meat. The shock waves tear small pieces of muscle and other particles away from the meat. This makes the meat softer and easier to eat. The shock waves also reduce the amount of bacteria（细菌） in the meat. The Department of Agriculture says the process could increase food safety for companies that sell meat. Uncooked meat may contain some extremely small living things which might be harmful, such as E. coli. E. coli can make people sick if they eat meat that is not well cooked. The Hydrodynamic Pressure Process may help reduce concerns about harmful bacteria in meat.
Other American scientists attempted to improve the process. They used a thick-walled metal container that was buried in the ground. This device did not improve the quality of the meat as much as the simpler method. However, the scientists found there seemed to be fewer bacteria in the meat than before the process. Scientists had proved that the Hydrodynamic Pressure Process could improve large pieces of meat. Next, they wanted to see if the process reduced bacteria levels in smaller pieces of ground beef that is used to make hamburgers. Their tests showed a reduction of bacteria in ground beef products. Other studies showed that ground beef containing E. coli had no measurable levels of the bacteria after the treatment.
The Hydrodynamic Pressure Process does not kill all bacteria in the meat, however. Mr. Solomon says some good bacteria remain. The agricultural scientists say more studies are needed to see if the method could be used in the meat processing industry.
C1: Choose the best answer for each item.
1. Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A. The Life of an American Scientist Morse Solomon.
B. The American Agricultural Research service.
C. An Introduction of the American Meat Processing Industry.
D. An Introduction of the Hydrodynamic Pressure Process.
2. What make meat softer and easier to eat?
A. Some explosives. B. Shock waves.
C. Certain organisms. D. Other particles.
3. The phrase “the simpler method” (Line 5, Para. 3) refers to __________.
A. Thick-walled Containers Burying method
B. Hydrodynamic Pressure Process
C. Bacteria-killing Method
D. Meat-improving Treatment
4. It had been proved that the Hydrodynamic Pressure Process ___________.
A. could improve smaller pieces of ground beef but not large pieces of meat
B. could improve large pieces of meat but not smaller pieces of ground beef
C. could improve large pieces of meat and reduce the bacteria in ground beef as well
D. could improve large pieces of meat but could not reduce the bacteria in ground beef
5. We can learn from the passage that the Hydrodynamic Pressure Process _______.
A. proved to be a great success B. turned out to be a failure
C. remains to be further studied D. needs to be further tested
Passage Two
The great advance in rocket theory 40 years ago showed that liquid-fuel (液态燃料) rockets were far superior in every respect to the skyrocket with its weak solid fuel （固态燃料）, the only kind of rocket then known. However, during the last decade, large solid-fuel rockets with solid fuels about as powerful as liquid fuels have made their appearance, and so many of us often ask a question, “Which one is ‘better’?” Actually, the question is meaningless. It all depends on the purpose. A liquid-fuel rocket is complicated, but has the advantage that it can be controlled beautifully. The burning of the rocket engine can be stopped completely; it can be reigned when fuel pumps. A solid-fuel rocket, on the other hand, is rather simple construction, though hard to build when a really large size is desired. But once you have a solid-fuel rocket, it is ready for action at every notice. A liquid-fuel rocket has to be fueled first and cannot be held in readiness for a very long time after it has been fueled. However, once a solid-fuel rocket has been started to burn, it will keep burning. It cannot be stopped and reigned whenever desired and its thrust (推力) cannot be varied. Because a solid-fuel rocket can be kept ready for a long time, most military missiles use solid fuels, but manned space flight needs the fine adjustments that can only be provided by liquid fuels. It may be added that a liquid-fuel rocket is an expensive device; a large solid-fuel rocket is, by comparison, cheap. But the solid fuel, pound by pound, costs about 10 times as much as the liquid fuel. So you have, on one hand, an expensive rocket with a cheap fuel and on the other hand a comparatively cheap rocket with an expensive fuel.
C2: Answer the following questions in your own words, with a phrase or a sentence.
1. What is the author’s attitude towards a solid-fuel and a liquid-fuel rocket?
___________________________________________________________
2. The sold-fuel rocket is comparatively cheap because of ____________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. The most important consideration for a manned space flight is that the rocket is
______________________________________________________________.
4. What is characteristic of the solid-fuel rocket?
______________________________________________________________.
5. Liquid-fuel rockets are cheap to operate because of _______________________
_________________________________________________________________
Unit Two
News Media
Part I
【Language focus】
A: Word study
A1: Topic words
In the modern world there are many means of communication. Besides radio, we have television, magazines, newspapers and websites etc. All the news media can help us learn about what’s happening in the world around us. Which of the news media mentioned in this unit do you think is the most convenient and cheapest to use? Try to find out as many words as possible while talking about the news media.
News broadcast, website, report, editor, interview…
Do you know the programmes given below? Please translate them into Chinese.
1) Topics in Focus 2) Health Club
3) News Probe 4) Business TV
5) Soccer Night 6) China News
7) China Today 8) Man and Nature
9) Sunday Topics 10) Chinese Cooking
11) English News 12) Oriental Fashion
13) Super Variety Show 14) World Economic Report
15) Science and Technology Review 16) Traditional Chinese Medicine
17) Time Together across the Strait 18) Spring Festival Gala Evening
A2: Tips for word study
1. Match the new words on the left with their meanings on the right.
Words Meaning
1. reliable A. take no notice of
2. relate B. to hurt a person, animal, or part of your body
3. present (v.) C. a natural ability to do something well
4. addict D. to be connected to; to be about someone or something
5. ignore E. able to be trusted and depended on
6. update F. introduce, offer, show or display
7. injure G. to accept or allow something although you do not like it
8. tolerate H. like something very much and do or have it too often
9. inform I. to tell, to give information to
10.talent J. make something more modern
2. Use the correct forms from the words above on the left to complete the sentences.
1) Mary ________ herself while cycling. She broke her left arm.
2) My uncle is hopelessly _________ to smoking.
3) Jim is capable and honest. He is a _________ employee.
4) The new principal _______ a report of his plan to all the teachers.
5) Jack is very rude. How can you _________ his bad manners?
6) This letter_________ to the sale of the car. If you want the information, read it!
7) We mustn’t _______ the fact that the world's population is increasing rapidly.
8) Doctors should ________patients about the possible side effects of the medicine.
9) The girl who wants to become a dancer has a _________ for dancing.
10) Do you know how to ________ your computer with what the Internet offers?
B. Grammar
B1. Useful phrases
1. go up: rise , increase
1) Prices of fruit and vegetables have gone up recently.
2) The products from this factory have gone up in quality.
3) It has been very hot this week. The temperature keeps going up!
2. burn down: destroy, damage or injure by fire
1) Their house burnt down while they were away on holiday.
2) The old town hall was burnt down in World War One .
3) The drugs were burnt down in public yesterday.
3. relate …to: have a connection with sth.
1) It is important to relate the results to the cause.
2) To what events did your remarks relate?
3) I can’t relate what he does to what he says.
4. be addicted to: unable to stop taking or using sth. as a habit
1) It isn’t good for children to be addicted to computer games.
2) His son is addicted to reading detective novels.
3) It is so bad that some young people are addicted to drugs.
5. even if: used to emphasize that something will still be true if another thing happens
1) Even if I have to sell my house, I’ll keep my business going.
2) She’s going to have problems finding a job even if she gets her A levels.
3) I would never eat meat, even if I was really hungry
6. draw attention to: to make someone notice someone or something
1) The naughty boy is always trying to draw attention to himself. in class.
2) He drew my attention to an error in the report
3) The purpose of the article was to draw attention to the problems faced by single parents.
7. on all sides: on every side
1) There are mountains on all sides of the village.
2) The soldiers were attacking the enemy on all sides.
3) The country is surrounded on all sides by South Africa.
8. look up to: show respect to
1) Students should look up to their teachers.
2) We all look up to Bill for his courage and determination.
3) The fans usually look up to the great pop singers.
B2: Useful grammatical structures
1. Newspapers and other media do more than simply record what happens.
1) Hibernation is more than sleep.
2) Peace is much more than the absence of war.
3) Being a good listener means much more than just “listening with ears”.
2. They also make sure that readers can relate to the stories.
1) I think I locked the door but we’d better make sure.
2) He must take full responsibility for making sure that everyone is doing fine.
3) Make sure that you arrive here on time.
3. The two reporters agreed to switch roles for once and be the interviewees rather than the interviewers in order to let us know about their work and how the news we read is made and written.
1) He was engaged in writing rather than reading the newspaper.
2) I’d prefer to go in summer rather than in winter.
3) She likes to keep things rather than throw them away.
4. A reporter begins by contacting the people to be interviewed and then prepares questions.
1) The man to be interviewed this afternoon was the director of the company.
2) The plan to be discussed is a five-year plan.
3) The building to be built is for the foreign experts.
5. The story I like best is about an ordinary young woman who tried to adapt to her new life after having studied abroad.
1) After they moved to Canada, the children adapted to the changes very well.
2) Mary adapted herself to the cold weather soon.
3) You should try your best to adapt yourself to the new environment.
6. The result is a better understanding of the world on all sides, leading to a future world where people from all countries are respected and different views and opinions are tolerated.
1) Do you still remember the events that leading to the start of the First World War?
2) Do you believe that hard work leads to success?
3) Too much work and too little rest led to his poor health.
B3: Key grammatical item
The Past Participle used as Attribute and Predicative
The Past Participle can be used as Attribute and Predicative.
1. Attribute
1) The broken cup has been thrown outside.
2) The ground is covered with fallen leaves.
3) Mr. Brown is an experienced expert on DNA.
2. Predicative.
1) The bus is too crowded.
2) Those happy days are past and gone.
3) All the windows are closed .No wonder it’s so hot here.
Question:
What’s the difference between past participles and present participles?
If we want to say how we feel about something, we can use the past participles like interested, surprised, etc. To talk about the persons or things that make us feel interested, surprised, etc., we use present participles. This kind of the participles is used as adjectives to refer to a state or a quality.
Examples:
1) The story he told me is interesting, and I’m interested in it.
2) The exciting game is making us more and more excited.
C: Key grammatical items &practice
Exercises
1. Fill in the missing words, using the correct forms.
1) We sent the _______ (injure) girl to hospital as quickly as we could.
2) The old man lived in the house _________ (build) by his father.
3) The streets are _____________ (crowd) so it’s hard to cross.
4) The film was so__________(move) that we were all deeply _______(move).
5) The speech given by the old scientist was _________ (inspire). All the students were _______ (inspire).
6) In autumn, you can see many ________ (fall) leaves everywhere.
7) Tom has nothing to do. He feels ________ (bore) and lonely.
8) We waited for a long time for the results but they turned out to be very __________ (disappoint).
2. Choose the best answer.
1) The Olympic Games, _________ in 776 B.C., didn’t include women until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be playing
2) Most of the artists _________ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited B. to invite
C. being invited D. had been invited
3) The computer center, _________ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
4) The first textbooks _________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. to be written B. written
C. being written D. having written
5) What’s the language ________ in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
6) This news sounds __________.
A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage
7) - How did Bob do in the exams this time?
- Well, his father seems _______ with his results.
A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please
8) - How did the audience receive the new play ?
- They got very ________.
A. exciting B. excite C. excitedly D. excited
Part II
Integrating skills
A: Listening and speaking
A1: Listen to the tape twice and choose the best answer.
Questions for passage One
1. Where will Tom Thomson be offered to give his first solo exhibition?
A. In Ontario. B. In St. Petersburg.
C. In the Art Gallery of Canada.
2. How long have the Art Gallery and the museum prepared for Tom’s first solo show?
A. More than two years. B. More than four years. C. Over five years.
3. How many buildings has the Hermitage got according to the passage?
A. Six. B. Four. C. Five.
Questions for passage Two
4. Where will Shayne Dark be invited to show his talents?
A. In Kingston. B. In Hartington. C. In Athens.
5. What does Shayne Dark do according to the passage?
A. A sportsman. B. An artist. C. An Olympic official.
6. How many Canadians are chosen to display their works?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three.
7. Where will Mr. Dark display his Donna’s Room?
A. At a Canadian art festival. B. At a National art festival.
C. At an international art festival.
A2: Listen to the tape twice and write out the missing words.
In Georgia, fifteen were arrested on June 10, 2004, for sitting in front of a security fence on a highway. The highway had been closed to traffic because the leaders of the Group of Eight countries were at their annual summit which was held on Sea Island, Georgia this year. The __(1)__ still stood despite the G-8 leaders had already __(2)__ for their closing press conference in Savannah, Georgia. The leaders of the US, Canada, Japan, Russia, __(3)__ , Italy, Britain, France, and also the European Union, __(4)__ it G-8 plus one, had already left Sea Island. The fence that blocked the roadway, the first barrier __(5)__ encountered other than armed forces, and now only a symbol of state power, was no longer__(6)___,. Similarly, the marchers knew the symbolism of their __(7)__ , a nearly eight-mile “death march” in the blazing sun __(8)__ enough water (the authorities only supplied water to protesters after the march when a bus took the __(9)__ protesters, those not arrested or who had not dropped out of the march, which advanced toward the __(10)__ to Sea Island.) These marchers earlier __(11)__ off from a pro-Palestine march after a rally at a public park with a __(12)__of speakers who had traveled to Palestine or Israel.
B: Reading and doing
B1: Read the following passage carefully and choose the suitable one for each blank from the words given in the slot.
interviews explores silver by guiding honours former earned
After 23 years of __1__ readers through the maelstrom of modern arts and culture, Border Crossings has earned one of the highest __2__ in the Canadian magazine world: the President's Medal conferred __3__ the National Magazine Awards Foundation....Published from an office nestled among the __4__warehouses of Winnipeg's Exchange District, Border Crossings has won 50 gold and __5__ medals at the National and Western Magazine Awards, and __6__ 129 award nominations. The magazine __7__ the arts from Canada and around the world with articles, __8__ , drawings and photographs.
B2: Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from A、B、C and D.
Passage One
When new contract negotiations between the CBC and the Canadian Media Guild begin on May 12, one can expect some major sparks to fly. The CMG, which represents all of the public __1__ employees -- about 6,100 members -- __2__ voicing anger over the corporation's decision last week to issue layoff __3__ redundancy notices to about 30 employees in __4__ current-affairs and sports departments....Most of the 30 staffers are being temporarily__5__ to other shows or units --a move union senior staff representative Dan Oldfield calls "a flagrant abuse of the process. First of __6__, they're clearly targeting employees who have been working there for longer years -- 15, 20, 25 years -- when the redundancy clauses were designed __7__ more junior employees. And if they're being assigned to other jobs, then those jobs ought to be posted. “Make it an open book." CBC spokeswoman Ruth-Ellen Soles denies the __8__. "There is no reason to say that we are __9__ longer-serving employees," she said. "And we're sticking to the agreement with respect to the redeployment of our staff. We have worked very hard to find positions for those __10__, are continuing to do this with the union, and are optimistic that more of the staff will be placed."
1. A. broadcaster’s B. broadcaster C. broadcasters D. broadcasters’
2. A. are B. is C. were D. was
3. A. and B. but C. or D. so
4. A. its B. their C. it’s D. theirs
5. A. reassigning B. assigning C. assigned D. reassigned
6. A. it B. all C. which D. that
7. A. at B. with C. for D. from
8. A. charge B. charging C. charged D. charges
9. A. targeting B. aiming C. attacking D. shooting
10. A. affect B. effect C. effected D. affected
Passage Two
Hope springs eternal in the world of book publishing -- hope that, contrary to past experience, every new book will be a bestseller and every bookstore will be filled with eager readers. That optimism bubbled up at [Toronto's] Metro Convention Centre __1__ the weekend as thousands of booksellers, authors, publishers, and other industry professionals __2__ together for this year's Book Expo Canada to hear about __3__ and future titles over breakfasts and lunches and toast authors with champagne....Book Expo, which __4__ yesterday, is not open to the public. Reed Exhibitions, which __5__ took over the trade show from the Canadian Books Sellers Association four years ago, has been working to attract more booksellers from __6__ the country, as well as __7__ exhibitors. Last year, there were 2,257 visitors and this year show manager Jennifer Sickinger said attendance was up __8__ 50 per cent.
1. A. at B. by C. over D. with
2. A. came B. went C. hurried D. stayed
3. A. old C. late C. present D. new
4. A. completed B. ended C. finished D. over
5. A. came B. got C. made D. took
6. A. across B. away C. over D. through
7. A. many B. more C. much D. same
8. A. at B. by C. from D. over
C: Reading comprehension
Passage One
The Internet has brought great changes in language teaching and learning. As English is the main language of science and technology, world-wide communications on the Internet are mainly conducted in the English language. In fact, the general dominance of the English language on the Internet has worked to further encourage the learning and use of English, especially among those whose native language is not English.
Using the Internet for English teaching is very new. However, as a resource in the hands of a skilled teacher, the Internet can provide a wealth of materials with which the skilled teacher can build encouragement.
Through booking electronic magazines, taking part in electronic discussion and attending conferences on the Internet, the teacher can share views and ideas with far–off colleagues quickly, easily and inexpensively. This is especially attractive and helpful for those in separated geographical areas.
C1: Answer the following questions in your own words.
1. What does the passage mainly tell about?
____________________________________
2. What does the underlined word conducted in the first paragraph mean?
________________________________________________________
3. What can you get from the statement of the writer in the third paragraph?
___________________________________________________________
C2: Put the following into Chinese.
1. The Internet has brought great changes in language learning.
_______________________________________________
2. Using the Internet for English teaching is very new.
_________________________________________
3. This is especially attractive and helpful for those in separated geographical areas.
_________________________________________________________________
Passage Two
Phone books have white, blue and yellow pages. The white pages list people with phones by last name. The blue pages contain numbers of city services, government services, and public schools. Business and professional services are listed in a special directory - the Yellow Pages.
The area covered by one area code may be small or large. For example, New York City has one code area, but so does the whole state of Oregon. There is an area code of map of the US and Canada in the front of the white pages.
Pay phones have numbers in the US. This means you can call a friend at a phone booth. Or if you are making a long distance call and run out of money, give the number on your phone to the person you're talking to. Then hang up the receiver and they can call you back.
If you make a long distance call and get a wrong number, call the operator and explain what happened. This means that you can make the call again to the right number without having to pay more money; or you can have the phone company mail you a credit coupon that has the same value as the phone call.
Some companies advertise a service called WATS. You can dial a special number without a long distance charge. These are called "toll-free numbers" and the area code for all of them is 800. WATS means Wide Area Telephone Service.
C3: Choose the best answer for each item.
1. In the yellow pages, you can find a list of _______.
A. people with phones B. public schools
C. professional services D. city services
2. You can find an area code map ________.
A. in the white pages B. in the yellow pages
C. in the blue pages D. in all the pages above
3. If you run out of money when making a long distance call, ______.
A. you can tell the one on the phone your phone number and wait to be called back
B. you can tell the one on the phone your number, hold on and wait to be called back.
C. you must hang up and stop making any calls
D. you have to run out and borrow some money
4. A credit coupon _______.
A. is used to buy a phone B. has no value at all
C. has more value than the phone call D. has the same value as the phone call
5. The underlined phrases "toll-free numbers" means _______.
A. an area code B. a telephone service
C. a free long distance call D. WATS
Passage Three
Next G-8 also isolated
Next year's G-8 meeting in Gleneagle, Scotland, follows the Sea Island pattern in its luxurious island location, highly defensible area, limited public chances for approach and far from major population centers.
One G-8 expert said he does not expect British officials to copy everything their observers saw here. "The security(安全) presence here in Savannah has been very noticeable and it makes local people uncomfortable," said Sir Nicholas Bayne, a former U.K. diplomat and professor at the London School of Economics. "I'm sure the British will try and make it less noticeable."
While some previous international economic gatherings in more urban areas - a World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle in 1999 and a G-8 in Genoa, Italy, in 2001, in particular - caused violent actions and an international trade conference in Miami was marred by a heavy-handed police crackdown, this week's G-8 summit in coastal Georgia was notable for careful planning and a law enforcement blanket.
Not only did Sea Island avoid acts of terrorism and violent protests, but the number of petty crimes, burglaries and car thefts fell in Savannah, the largest nearby city, which was the center for media and support staff for the world leaders.
Sea Island's security formula included a division-strength military and police team numbering about 20,000, high-tech NASA-styled controlled rooms where linked computers monitored every downtown park and intersection, and a rapid but measured police response at the first hint of trouble.
The tactics already are being copied for Boston, New York and other American cities scheduled to host major events, law enforcement officials said.
Much of the military hardware has been present in Washington since the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, but street closings around the National Cathedral today and generally heavier law enforcement presence echo the G-8 model, officials said.
Boston will be host to the Democratic National Convention(民主党全国代表大会) in July. The Republican Convention(共和党代表大会) is in New York in August. Neither city has the isolation of Sea Island, but police observers were on hand to see how Savannah handled its role in the summit.
"I liken this to sports - if you're a pro team and you're going to play a big game, you want to look at the game film,'' said Robert O'Toole, commander of the Boston Police Department's special operations division.
The Secret Service is the lead agency at national security events, including the political parties' presidential nominating conventions. It, too, will refine its plans based on experiences here.
"We learn from every event, and we adapt," said Malcolm Wiley, an Atlanta-based Secret Service agent on duty in Savannah during the summit. "Lessons learned here will definitely be useful going forward."
C4: Guess the meanings of the underlined parts in the sentences below.
1. …follows the Sea Island pattern in its luxurious island location, highly defensible terrain, …
A. very comfortable and expensive B. removed and separated
C. very comfortable but not too dear D. nearby or close to
2. …in particular - caused violent actions and an international trade conference in Miami was marred by a heavy-handed police crackdown, …
A. depressed or put down B. spoiled and damaged
C. carried on and worked out D. guarded and defended
3. The tactics already are being replicated for Boston, New York and other American cities scheduled to host major events, law enforcement officials said.
A. special instrument used to defend
B. special ideas for dealing with
C. special positions used by the police
D. special methods used to achieve what you want
4. …, but street closings around the National Cathedral today and generally heavier law enforcement presence echo the G-8 model, officials said.
A. replacement of something B. represents something special
C. something special appears again D. hear something special
5. "I liken this to sports - if you're a pro team and you're going to play a big game, you want to look at the game film,''
A. regard something as B. compare something to
C. love something very much D. prefer to do something
C5: Give a tick or cross to each sentence below according to the passage above.
( ) 1. It is expected that next G-8 to be held in Scotland may be safer than this one in the USA.
( ) 2. It is not a good idea for the British police to do everything the same as the American police.
( ) 3. G-8 in Genoa had to be put off because the Italian police put down the violent actions there.
( ) 4. The Democratic Convention will be held in New York while the Republic Convention in Boston in August.
( ) 5. All the police think what they have experienced during the summit can teach them a lot.
Unit 3
Art and architecture
Part I
【Language focus】
A: Word study
A1: Topic words
Do you like art and architecture? Do you want to be an artist or an architect? Definitely a lot of us do. What words and phrases do you think will be useful when talking about art and architecture?
building, streets, squares, parks, balcony, wall, roof, hall, stadium, school, hospital, church, factory,
pattern, style, modern-looking, unusual look traditional, straight line,
material, earth, stone, wood, brick steel stone glass concrete
be made of , be covered by, be famous for , look like …
Can you make a comparison between traditional architecture and modern architecture?
Traditional Architecture Modern Architecture
Examples
Characteristics
Materials
Architects
A2: Tips for word study
1. Here are some new words for us to learn in this unit. Can you match the new words on the left with their meanings on the right?
Words Meaning
1) convenient A. make sth. new or original
2) preference B. build, make
3) fantastic C. suitable, handy
4) construct D. way in which sth. is made, shaped, etc.
5) architecture E. like something more than another thing and will choose it if you can
6) style F. to make someone admire or respect you
7) impress G. wild and strange
8) stand H. art and science of building
9) create I. bear, put up with
10) design J. to make a drawing or plan of something that will be made or built
2. Please choose one word from the above column on the left to finish the sentences. Pay attention to the correct forms of the words.
1) Do you think all men are ________ equal?
2) The workers are planning to ________ a bridge across the river.
3) Have you any __________ between tea and coffee?
4) My mother has had her hair cut in a really nice _________.
5) When is the most __________time for us to meet?
6) You can find Norman _________ in this area.
7) I used to like _________ tales of dragons and fairy queens a lot.
8) We were deeply __________ by his unyielding spirit.
9) The book was _________ mainly for children.
10) I can't _______ the way he's always telling people what they should do.
B: Grammar
B1.Useful phrases
1. act as: serve as; play the part of
1) Peter acted as host to the foreign visitors.
2) A trained dog can act as a guide to a blind man.
3) As I don’t know French, please act as my interpreter.
2. fill up with…: make or become completely full
1) Please fill up the tank with petrol.
2) Dad gave me a smile that was filled with pride.
3) On Children’s Day, the air was filled with the sound of young kids’ laughter.
3. belong to: be the property of; be owned
1) China belongs to the third world.
2) The blue sky belongs equally to us all.
3) Victory belongs to the revolutionary people of the world.
4. pull down: destroy sth. / leave sb. in a weak condition
1) We saw the houses pulled down in order to make room for a large square.
2) Since his illness, he is pretty much pulled down.
3) The workers were busy pulling down an old house.
5. remind… of …: cause sb. to remember or be newly aware of sb./sth.
1) He reminds me of his father, especially the way he speaks.
2) The film reminded him of what he had seen in Paris.
3) What you said just now reminded me of an American professor.
6. set aside: kept to be used later; moved to one side or away from you;
1) When it was dark, she set aside her book and lit a candle.
2) Let’s set aside our personal feelings and try to be fair.
3) Jim set aside all objections and stuck to his own idea.
B2: Useful grammatical structures
1. Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty expressed in art and architecture.
1) She had her hair cut last week.
2) He had his bike repaired yesterday.
3) If you want to lose some weight ,you’d better have yourself weighed regularly.
2. In some of his architecture, …the walls seem to be covered with the skin of a fish, while the roof looks like the back of a dragon.
1) I like