Unit 4 Earthquakes
Part One : word
1. shake
【用法指南】
1) vt. 摇动，使摇动 2) vi （ 指人、嗓音）发抖，打颤
3） vt.使人心绪不宁
【典型例句】
The teacher shook the boy by the shoulders
the poor boy was shaking with cold
The house shook as the heavy truck went past
His lying shook my faith in him.
【拓展】
shake with… 因。。。而颤抖
shake hands with sb. 与某人握手
shake sb. by the hand ＝shake one’s hand
shake one’s head 摇头表示不同意
nod one’s head 点头表示同意
【过关练习1】
1)The frightened boy said to his mother in a ___ voice.
A. trembled B. shaken
C. trembling D. shook
2) He is shaking hands ____ my father.
A. to B. of C. with D. at
2．rise
【用法指南】
1）vi. (太阳，月亮等)升起；升高；上升；上涨；起床
2）n. 升起；升高
3) rise to one’s feet 站起来
4）give rise to 引起， 导致
5) give sb. a rise给某人涨工资
【典型例句】
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west .
The river is rising after the train.
Prices have risen steadily during the past decade
The rise in the house rent has added to our difficulties.
【类比延伸】
1） rise 为不及物动词，作“上升”时指继续上升，常用于日，月，云，烟、物价、温度、河水、潮水及人的职位等。
raise 为及物动词，意为“举起、提出、饲养、种植”；用作“举起”时，有使物体达到应有的高度的含义。
【过关练习2】
1) They ____ their glasses _____ the friendship between the two nations.
A. look; for B. raised; to C. raised; for D. life; to
用rise和raise的正确形式填空
2) He’s used to _____ early in the morning
3) His funny story ____ a lot of laughter.
4) Prices _____ surprisingly since last year.
5) The level of the water in the river ____ after the heavy rain.
3． smelly]
【用法指南】
1）adj. 发臭的，难闻的
2） smelly 是一个派生词 即smell (n) +y(后缀)。类似的如：
blood--- bloody cloud--- cloudy
rain----- rainy wind---- windy
greed--- greedy sun ---sunny
fog --- foggy fat--- fatty mud--- muddy
【过关练习3】
用所给单词的正确形式填空
1)．He had a ____( blood )nose.
2.) Today is a ____ (wind) day.
3. )He looked at the cake with ____ (greed )eyes
4) ____ (fog) weather is common here.
5) The roads are _____ (mud)
6) This is a _____ (sun) room.
4. ruin
【用法指南】
1） vt. 毁坏，毁灭，使毁坏
2） n. 毁灭，破产
3） in ruins 成为废墟； 遭到严重破坏
【典型例句】
An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.
She poured water all over my painting , and ruined it.
This island has been ruined by tourism
I was ruined by that law case
【类比延伸】
1） ruin 一次性、彻底的毁坏（ 不含有某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏的意思）； 通常暗指无可挽回的伤害，但不一定指完全毁灭（含有在一定的过程种逐渐毁掉的意思）。此外，ruin多用于借喻中，泛指一般的“坏了”
2） harm指对人或物的伤害或损坏，身体或心理上的伤害。
3） destroy强调以具有摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁掉； 有时用于比喻，意为“打破（希望， 计划）， 使失败
4） damage损失，损坏； 多用于无生命的东西，指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部破坏，损坏了还可以修复； 这种是自然灾害或人为过失造成的。
【过关练习4】
1). Mike didn’t play football yesterday because he had ____ his leg.
A. damaged B. hurt C. hit D. struck
2) the building is _____.
A. under ruin B. in ruins C. under ruins D. in ruin
用ruin, damage , harm, destroy的正确形式填空
3)．Getting up early won’t ___ you.
4.) The fire ____ most of the building
5. )The crops are all ___ by the continuous rain
6) A falling tree ____ the roof and we should repair it.
5． shock
【用法指南】
1）vt. 使。。。震惊； 使。。。激怒
2） n. 震动，震惊，电击
【典型例句】
I was shocked when I heard about your accident
My father was shocked
The shock of the explosion was felt far away.
the two t rains met and the shock broke the windows
it was a great shock for him when his wife died.
An electric shock can kill you
【拓展】
1) in shock
2) get a shock from a wire
【过关练习5】
1) All of the people present felt _____ at the _____ news.
A. shocked; shocking B. shocking; shocked
C. shocking; shocking D. shocked ; shocked
2) Hw was shocked _____ his son playing all day.
A. knowing B. to know C. at know D. known.
用shock的正确形式填空
3) I felt the ______ as the aircraft hit the ground.
4) He was _____ to hear his child swearing.
5). The news of his mother’s death was a terrible ____ to him.
6. rescue
【用法指南】
1）n. 营救，救出
2）v. 营救，救出（常与 from连用）
【典型例句】
We rescued the boy who fell into the river.
However , rescue operations are proving difficult
【拓展】
1） rescuer n, 援救者，营救者
2） come to someone’s rescue 来/去援救某人
【过关练习6】
完成句子
1)． The soldier ____ a boy ____ drowning
这个战士把溺水的男孩救了起来。
2) Researchers ______ in the mountains
搜救者救出了在山中迷失的人们
3) The ______ in a week.
营救队一星期内进行了10次援救
4. ) They must come _____ our rescue.
A. to B. at C. of D. from.
7． honour
【用法指南】
1）n. 荣誉，名誉； 使人感倒光荣的人、事
2）vt. 尊敬； 给予荣誉
【典型例句】
It’s a great honour to have the President to visit our town.
They stood in silence as a mark of honour to her
She is an honour to her family.
Today the President is hounourin us with his presence.
I feel highly honoured by your trust
【拓展】
1） in honour of = show respect to…
2） show honour to sb.
3） a sense of honour to sb.
4） do honour to
5） on /Upon one’s honour
【过关练习7】
1. )It is _____ honour to her you speak so highly of me.
A. / B. at C. the D. a
2.) All of the village came out to receive me an ____ guest.
A. honour B. honouring C. honoured D. honours
3) I feel highly _____ the kind things you say about me.
A. honoured for B. honour for C. honoured by D. honour by
4) My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _____ it .
A. in favour of B. in memory of
C. in honour of D. in search of
Part two Phrase
1 a (great) number of
1)许多，大量的
2）后接可数名词复数
3）谓语动词用复数
【典型例句】
I have read a great number of books on this subject.
A great number of visitors come to China every year.
【类比延伸】
1) the number of ：是“。。。的数目“ 的意思，谓语动词用单数
The number of private colleges has increased.
2) a number of 是“许多，大量“的意思。后接可数名词，谓语动词用复数。
A large number of students are going to visit the U.S. A.
【过关练习1】
1) The number of people invited ____ fifty , but a number of them _____ absent for different reason.
A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were
2) ____ of people came to the meeting from all over the country.
A. Many B. A number C. The number D. A plenty of
3) ____ of the students in our school has increased to 300
A. A great number B.A great many
C. Plenty of D. the number
2. give out
【用法指南】
1) 及物动词用法，意为“分发，散发，发出（光、热声）
2) 不及物动词用法，意为“用尽、耗尽”
【典型例句】
His money soon gave out
The teacher gave out the exam papers to the students
The flowers gave out a sweet perfume
The machine gives out flashes of light
【拓展】
give out 当“分发”讲时与hand out同义
give off 也有“发光，烟、气味”之意
【过关练习2】
1) the moon gives ____ no light of its own.
A. off B. of C. with D. at
2) After the long-distance race, the woman athlete’s legs almost ____ under her.
A. gave out B. gave in C. gave up D. gave away
Part three: structure
1. Now imagine there has been a big earthquake.
【句型概况】
本句是一个祈使句，在动词imagine 后使用一个 there be句型充当imagine的宾语。There be句型表示“某个事物”在“什么地方”，其结构为“There + be + 主语＋其他成分”. 谓语动词按照救近一致原则。
【典型例句】
There is a desk and three chairs in the room.
There are three chairs and a desk in the room.
There is an old man living in the forest.
【拓展】
1） there be句型中 ，be 还可被live, stand, lie, exist
There stands a big tree on the top of the house.
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house..
2） there be句型中容易出错的地方
There has a baby over there. (错)
there is a baby is crying over there. （错）
【过关练习1】
1) there _____ a film in the hall this afternoon.
A. is going to have B. will have
C. will to be D. is going to be
2) There used to be a high tower here, ______?
A. wasn’t there B. wasn’t there C. usedn’t there D. used there
3) – there isn’t any milk left
-- oh, _____ ? I’ll get some in town. I’m going there later on
A. isn’t it B. isn’t there C. is there D. is it
4) --- You’ve booked on a four o’clock flight.
--- What chance ____ of taking an earlier plane?
A. there is B. is it C. there it is D. is there
5) Brain told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time , ____ ?
A. was there B. wasn’t there C. didn’t he D. did he
2．Mice ran out of the field looking for places to hide.
【句型概况】
looking for places to hide 为现在分词短语，在句中作伴随状语，表示一个与谓语动词ran同时发生的动作，其逻辑主语为句子的主语，二者之间构成主谓关系。
【典型例句】
He sat by the desk, doing his homework.
He put a finger in his mouth , tasted it and smiled, looking pleased.
One woman was lying in bed , awake, listening to the rushing winds.
【拓展】
现在分词（短语）作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时，多位于句首；作结果、方式或伴随状语时， 通常位于句末。
(While) Working in the desk, doing his homework.(时间状语)
Being too old, he couldn’t walk that far. （原因状语)）
standing on the building, you can see the whole city. (条件状语)
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.（让步状语)
He dropped the glass, breaking in into pieces. （结果状语)
They started his breath using a mouth-to-mouth way.（方式结果）
【过关练习2】
1) “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ____ out of the window.
A. looking B. to look C. looked D. Having looked
2) the visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talk, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
3) My cousin came to see me from the country, ____ me a full basket of fresh fruits.
A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought
4) “ Can’t you read?” Mary said ___ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
5) she set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.
A. arriving B. to arrive having arrived D. and arrived
3． All hope was not lost.
【句型概况】
该句为部分否定。 all, both, everyone, everybody, everything以及“every+名词”都表示全部肯定； no one, none, nobody, nothing, not … any, 以及no+名词”都表示全部否定； 但当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中， 不管 not在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定。
【典型例句】
Both of them haven’t read this story.
All of the boy are clever, but none of them can work out this problem.
All bamboo grows tall, but some doesn’t.
【拓展】
1) any所修饰的名词或由any构成的复合不定代词作主语时， 谓语动词不能用否定时式。即只能说not… any,不能说any … not
2) 总括性副词如everywhere , always , altogether(全然地), wholly（全部地）和not连用时,也表示部分否定。
Such a thing can’t be found everywhere.
【过关练习3】
1. we couldn’t eat in a restaurant because ____ of us had _____ money.
A. all; not B. any; no C. none; any D. no one ; any
2) I agree with most of what you said , but I don’t agree with ______.
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
3) _____ seen the film, so everyone wants to see it.
A. All the students haven’t B. Any students haven’t
C. As nobody has D. None of us has