（一）、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气用于if引导的非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词有三种形式：
条件状语从句 主 句
与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词
与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形
与将来事实相反 一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形
（1）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如：
①If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.
②If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.
③If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come.
（2）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：
①If I were a boy, I would join the army.
②If he had time, he would come to help you.
③If she had money ,she might lend you some .
（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should（were to）+ 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。如；
①If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
注意：
（1）有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省略,而将“were、 had、 should 等动词提到主语前面。如：
①Should it snow tomorrow ,we could have a snowball fight .
②Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.
③Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.
（2）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：
If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.（从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在）
If I were you ,I would have taken his advice .
（从句表示现在时间，主句表示过去时间）
（3）从句中的be动词 用were
与过去事实相反：
公式： If 从句 ： had done
主句：would (should, might, could ) + have done
1．If I ____ her telephone number, I ______ her.
A. had, would have called B. had had, would have called
2．.If you___ him yesterday, he ____ some suggestions.
A. had told, would have given B. tell, had given C. told, would have given
3． The soldiers ____________ (fight) better,
if they ______________ (give)clear orders.
4.If he had not lost the money, he ____________ (buy) the piano last week.
与现在事实相反：
结构： ( if ) 从句 ：过去时 (did ) 或 (were)
主句：would (could, might, should ) + do
1．If I ____ a bird, I ____ very happy.
A. were, would be B. were ,shall be C.am , would be
2．If my father ____here now,he ______ tell me what to do
A. were ,will B. were, would C. is ,would
3．If I ____ a car, I ____ be very happy.
A. have , shall B. had, should C. Had had, shall
与将来事实相反：
公式： 从句： did / were to do / should do
主句： would (should, might, could ) + do
1．It is quite impossible that it will rain tomorrow. But if it _____, I would still go to the cinema.
A. should rain B. would rain C. had rained.
2． If he ________________ ( fail ), he would never touch the book.
3． If I ________ ( enter ) the college next year, I_____ (be) happy.
混合虚拟语气：
1．If I ____ the chance ten years ago, I would be a manager now.
A. had not lost B.did not lose C. Will not lose
2． If it _____________ ( rain) last night（过去）,It ________________ (be )very cold today（现在）．
3. If I ________________ (take) your advice（过去），I should have no trouble with the work now（现在）．
二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如: 1)与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+did(were)
I wish I were as healthy as you.
I wish that I had a plane.
2)与过去事实相反 : wish + (that)+had done
I wish I had been to the concert last night.
I wish you had written to him.
3)与将来事实相反 : wish + would/could/might+do
I wish he would forgive me
2. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。常见的动词有:一个坚持insist; 两个命令order, command ; 三条建议suggest , advise, propose;四项要求demand, request, require, ask; 另外有:prefer
注意: suggest表 暗示表明 时 insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气
He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves.
The doctor suggested that she (should) have an operation at once
三、主语从句中的虚拟语气
1. It be+过去分词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…
过去分词：suggested, requested, ordered, proposed…
It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.
It’s suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.
2. It be+形容词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…
形容词:important, necessary, natural, right, wrong, better,proper, funny, strange, surprising…
It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now.
It's important that we (should) take good care of the patient
3. It be+名词（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that…+ (should)+动词原形+…
It was a pity（a shame, no wonder, etc.）that you should be so careless.
四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice ,decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。
1)表语从句:
My suggestion is that we (should) leave at once
2)同位语从句:
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week
五、状语从句中的虚拟语气
1．用在由as if,as though引导的状语从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；表示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时;表示将来用would + 动词原形。
It seems as if the man were his brother.
This device operated as though it had been repaired.
2．由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如：
She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。
The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.
六、几种特殊的虚拟语气
1. had hoped/ planned/ thought/ wanted/ intended表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
I had thought he had been dead for at least 20 years.
I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said
she liked to stay in China.
2. would rather.
would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。
I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
3.It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。
It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.
It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了
4.虚拟语气在由某些连词或个词引出的表示条件、目的的状语从旬中的使用。常见的这些连词和介词有：
1) unless (除非)，provided(倘若)，supposing(假若)，providing(倘若) , on condition that(如果),由这些词、词组引出的从句，动词多用过去时。
He wouldn't do it unless you ordered him to. 除非你命令他做，要不他是不会做的。
Providing you had the opportunity to go abroad, where would you go? 假若你有机会出国，你会去哪儿呢？
5. so that (以便 )，for fear that(以免, 唯恐)，in order that (以便)，whether(不管)，lest(以免)，in case (假使)，从句中加情态动词，有时should可省略。
He hid it lest she (should) see it. 他把它藏起来以免她看见。
I'll get some beer in case John should come. 我得准备点啤酒，说不定约翰会来。
He entered the room quietly in order that he should not wake his roommate．他轻轻地进屋，以免吵醒他的同房。
6. if only；only if
如果表示对现在的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用过去式；
如果表示将来的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用would/could+动词原形；
如果表示对过去的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用had+过去分词。
if only I were you!
If only you had come yesterday!
If only Linda could go with us tomorrow!
If only I had said more about it!
only if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。
If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。
7。 if it were not for…与现在事实相反， if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for：
If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.
Ⅰ巩固练习：
1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right.
A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be
2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk.
A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been
3. ________ she ________ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.
A. Hadn’t, left B. Had not, left C. If, didn’t leave D. Didn’t, leave
4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission.
A. may get B. might get C.might have got D. maybe get
5. _____________today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.
A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were
7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now.
A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be
8. ____________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
9. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____________your advice
A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed
10. If the horse won today, it _____________ thirty races in five years.
A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won
11. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ______a sudden loud noise.
A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been
12. If only I ________ driving before.
A. had learned B. learned C. learn D. would learn
13. I wish I ___________ with her.
A. would be B. am C. was D. were
14. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it.
A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone
15. George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ .
A. if he didn’t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened
C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself
16. The teacher suggested that her students _____________ experiences with ESP.
A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the
C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his
17. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese.
A. were B. had been C. is D. has been
18. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages.
A. has been B. was C. is D. had been
19. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation. A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do
20. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration.
A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm
21. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology __________.
A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved
C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved
22. My suggestion is that she ________ more exercise, which will do a lot of good to her.
A. take B. must take C. takes D. took
23. It is time that the government __________measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking
24. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ________ all diplomas from elementary school to university.
A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have
25. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
26. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.
A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told
27. I had hoped that John _______ a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.
A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend
28. It’s high time they____________ this road.
A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend
29. It’s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.
A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take
30. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay ________ by 20 percent.
A. be raised B. would be raised C. raised D. raise
31. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_______________ in the home.
A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working
32. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____ psychologically ready for the new idea.
A. is B. were C. be D. would be
33. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable.
A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited
34. It was essential that we _______ before the end of the month.
A. sign B. signed C. had signed D. were signing
35. I advised that the sick child ________ a hospital as soon as possible.
A. should send to B. should be sent C. be sent to D. must be sent
36. If I ____ where he lived, I ____ a note to him.
A. knew, would B. had known, would have sent C. know, would send D. knew, would have sent
37. Mary is ill today. If she _____, she ____ absent from school.
A. were not ill; wouldn' t be B. had been ill; wouldn't have been
C. had been ill; should have been D. hadn't been ill; could be
38.. If you had enough money, what ________?
A. will you buy B. would you buy C. would you have bought D. will you have bought
39. Were I to do it, I ________ it some other way.
A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do
40. I ________ him the answer ________ possible, but I was so busy then.
A. could tell; if it had been B. must have told; were it
C. should have told; had it been D. should have told; should it be
41. You didn't take his advice. ________ his advice, you ________ such a mistake.
A. Had you taken; wouldn't have made B. If you had taken; would make
C. Were you lo take; shouldn’ t have made D. Have you taken; won t have made
42. If he_____ , he ______ that food. ---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
43. I didn' t see your sister at the meeting. If she _________, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
44. Jane would never have gone to the party ________ that Mary would come to see her.
A. has she known B. had she known C. if she know D. if she has known
45. I didn’t know his telephone number. ____ it, I ____ then.
A. Had I known, would ring him up B. Should I know, would have rung him up
C. If I knew; would ring him up D. Had I known; would have rung him up
II. Translation
1. 如果你听了医生的话，你早就恢复健康了。
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2．如果没有虚拟语气，英语就容易多了。
3．如果她更加努力的话，她就成功了。
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4．万一他不来，你就代替他。
5． 如果我是你，我就不回这个电话。
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6． 如果我的女儿不忙的话， 她就会来帮助你。
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高考链接：
1. --- If he _____, he _____ that food.
--- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (93 N)
A. was warned … would not take B. had been warned … would not have taken
C. would be warned … had not taken D. would have been warned … had not taken
2. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother. (94 N)
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
3. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____. (95 N)
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
4. You didn’t let me drive. If we _____ in turn, you _____ so tired. (96 N)
A. drove … didn’t get B. drove … wouldn’t get
C. were driving … wouldn’t get D. had driven … wouldn’t have got
5. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ____something she would regret later. (96上海)
A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said
6. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _____ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored (01上海春季)
7. What would have happened, _____ as far as the river bank? (01 上海)
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
8. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (02 上海)
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall
9. _____ be sent to work there? (02 上海)
A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should
10. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02 上海春季)
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
11. --- Don't you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York?
--- I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to. (05江苏卷)
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
12.If it were not for the fact that she_______sing, I would invite ber to the party.（06福建）
A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.might not
13. __________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.(06湖北)
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
Keys
I.1 ABABC DDBCA 11.BADAC AADDB 21 CDBCC ACBBA 31.CCBAC BACBC 41.ABDBD
II.1. If you had listened to the doctor, you would have already recovered.
2. If there were no subjunctive mood, English would be much easier.
3. If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
4. Should he not come, you would take his place.
5. If I were you, I wouldn't return the call.
6. Were my daughter not so busy, she would come to help you. 高考链接：1.BDCDD DCBAB 11.BCB