Words and Expressions for Unit 10, Module IV, BNUP
Learning to learn
1. motivate vt. 为……之动机（常用被动语态） ；引起……
The murder was motivated by hatred. 那凶杀案是由仇恨所引起的。
What motivated you to do such a thing? 引起你做这样的事的动机是什么 ?
motivation n. 动机，刺激，推动 [名校学案：P.2]
2. technique n. （科学、艺术、运动等的）技巧；技术[U]；手法，技法 [C] way of doing something
technique in medicine and surgery 内外科技术
They admired the pianist’s perfect technique.
They need to learn modern management techniques. 他们还得学习现代管理技术。
Dick had a new technique for doing the high jump. 迪克有一种跳高的新技术。
to learn the advanced techniques from other countries 学习别国的先进技术 [名校学案：P.2]
* technology （科学）技术 [U] practical science
We should master the basic advanced technology of the new century.
enjoy a high level of technology 享受高水准的科技 science and technology 科学和技术
3. native a. 出生地的，祖国的，家乡的；本土的； 土生的[B][(+to)]；(某地)特有的；土著的
They are native speakers of English. 他们的母语是英语。
The giant panda is native to China. 大熊猫是中国特有的动物。
She was native to Taipei. 她原籍台北。 Native American 美洲原住民；印第安人
* n. 本地人，本国人[(+of)]； 土著，原住民[P1] ；(某地)原有的动(植)物[(+of)]
Are you a native here, or just a visitor? 你是本地人?或者只是过客?
The professor set to study the habits of the natives. 教授着手研究当地居民的生活习惯。
The kangaroo is a native of Australia. 袋鼠是澳大利亚的土生动物。
4. achievement 达成；完成[U] ； 成就,成绩[C]
achievement of an ambition 抱负的实现 make achievements 取得成就
The invention of the computer is a great achievement. 发明电脑是一大成就。
* achieve v. do or finish something well after trying hard
You will never achieve anything if you spend your time that way.
你若总是这样消磨时间,就永远不会有所成就。
achieve success 取得成功 achieve a victory 获胜 achieve the four modernizations实现四个现代化
5. put off 推迟；拖延 postpone (an appointment, a trip, a visit, etc.); postpone an engagement with (sb.)
It’s raining hard. We’d better put off the sports meet. 正在下大雨，我们最好把运动会延期。
Don’t put off till tomorrow what can be done today. 今天可做的事不要拖到明天再做。
* 阻止；劝阻；使泄气 hinder; dissuade; discourage [名校学案：P.3]
We are not going to allow a little difficulty like that to put us off. 决不让那么一点点困难把我们吓倒。
6. billion num. （美、法）十亿；（英、德）万亿 (美) thousand million , (英) million million ；
大量,无数[P][(+of)] Billions of stars twinkled in the sky. 无数星星在天空闪烁。
7. percentage n. 百分比[率]，比率 ；（口语）利益,赚头； [~s] (胜的) 机率，胜算
What percentage of the students are [is] admitted to college(s)? 有多少百分比的学生获准进入大学?
A small percentage of the farm produce was ruined. 农产品中的一小部分坏掉了。
There is no percentage in it. 没有赚头（好处）。 play the percentages 计算得失（机率）而行动
8. exist vi. 存在 to be, to be real
We cannot exist without air. 没有空气，我们就不能生存。
Does life exist on other planets? 别的行星上有生命吗？
The Qin dynasty existed for a very short period. 秦朝存在的时间很短。
Matter generally exists in three states: gas, liquid and solid. 物质通常有三态：气态、液态和固态。
They cannot exist on such a small income. 靠这点收入他们不能够生活。 exist on food
* existence n.[U] 存在 being
The tree owes its existence to soil. 树木依赖泥土生存。
bring into existence 使产生 earn one’s existence 谋生
lead a happy existence 过着幸福生活 put … out of existence 使……灭绝
* come into existence 出现，产生 start to be, live, happen, etc.
When did this world come into existence? 这个世界何时产生的？
9. at present 目前；现在
We don’t need it at present. 我们现在不需要。
We are badly in need of teachers at present. 当前我们急需教员。
10. variety 多样化，变化[U] ；种种[S][(+of)] ；种类[C] [名校学案：P.4]
What other ways do you know to add variety? 你知道其他增加变化的方法吗?
People like to live a life full of variety. 人们喜欢过丰富多彩的生活。
He has a variety of interests. 他有多种爱好。
Hospitals deal with diseases of every variety. 医院诊治各种各样的疾病。
11. bow v. 鞠躬，欠身[(+to/before)]，顺从，屈服[(+to/before)]；低(头)，欠(身)，鞠躬(或欠身)表示；
Some people bow before money. 有些人在金钱面前俯首贴耳。
He bowed his head in shame. 他惭愧地低下头来。
She bowed her thanks. 她鞠躬致谢。
* n. 弓 a weapon that shoots arrows；结；蝴蝶结 ；奏提琴用的）弓
to bend a bow 张弓 bow and arrow 弓矢
She tied her shoelaces in a bow. 她把鞋带打成蝴蝶结。
A violin is played with a bow. 提琴是用弓来拉奏的。
12. passer-by n. 过路人[C]
Passers-by could hear our rising voices. 过路行人可以听到我们越来越高的声音。
* pass by 经过；过去 ；（时间）过去；错过
A bus has just passed by. 一辆公共汽车刚刚过去。
You should never let an opportunity pass by. 你不应该错过任何机会。
13. defeat vt. 战胜，击败 ；使失败，挫败 win a victory over, overcome [名校学案：P.4]
The French defeated the English troops. 法国人打败了英国军队。
The news that he has been defeated in the election is not true. 他落选的消息不真实。
Our hopes were defeated. 我们的希望落空了。
* n. 失败；战败；挫折 losing a game, fight, war, etc.
The enemy suffered a crushing defeat. 敌人遭到了惨败。
Victories or defeats are ordinary things to a general. 对一个将军来说胜败是常事。
He returned to his home county in 1945 after the defeat of Japan. 1945年打败日本以后他返回了家乡。
Warm-up
I. Objectives
Read magazine and newspaper articles, and advertisements.
Practise shopping, bargaining, complaining and selling.
Listen to a radio programme, shopping dialogues and a song.
Write an advertisement.
Learn about quantity words and expressions as well as infinitives.
II. Lead-in:
Some sayings in Chinese that refer to money:
“有钱能使鬼推磨。” Money makes the mare go.
“挥金如土。” Spend money like water.
“一寸光阴一寸金。” Time is money.
“金钱并非一切（意为：金钱并非万能的）。” Money isn’t everything．
Some English sayings that refer to money:
‘The love of money is the root of all evil.’ 金钱是罪恶的根源。
‘Money makes the world go round.’ 推动世界的力量是金钱。
‘Take care of the pence and the pounds will take care of themselves.’
积少自然成多 (守住一分一分的小钱，一镑一镑的大钱自然就进来。)
‘Neither a borrower nor a lender be.’
莎士比亚说：“既不要向别人借钱，也不可借钱给别人。” (既不借钱，也别放债。)
‘Money does not grow on tree.’ 金钱不长在树上 (钱不容易挣)。
‘Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.’ 脑中有智慧胜于手中有金钱。
Some more English sayings about money:
All the splendor in the world is not worth a good friend. (Voltaire, French thinker)
人世间所有的荣华富贵不如一个好朋友。 (法国思想家 伏尔泰)
Creditors have better memories than debtors. (Benjamin Franklin, American president )
放债人的记性比借债人好。(美国总统 富兰克林)
If you would know the value of money , go and try to borrow some.
(Benjamin Franklin, American president )
要想知道钱的价值，就想办法去借钱试试。(美国总统 富兰克林)
If your Riches are yours , why don’t you take them with you to the other world ?(Benjamin Franklin, American president )
如果财富是你的，那么你为什么不把它们和你一起带到另一个世界去呢？(美国总统 富兰克林)
Money is a good servant and a bad master. (Francis Bacon, British philosopher )
要做金钱的主人,莫做金钱的奴隶。金钱是善仆，也是恶主。( 英国哲学家 培根)
Money is like muck , not good except it be spread .(Francis Bacon, British philosopher)
金钱好比粪肥，只有撒到在大地才是有用之物。(英国哲学家 培根)
Sometimes one pays most for the things one gets for nothing. (Albert Einstein , American scientist )
有时候一个人为不花钱得到的东西付出的代价最高。(美国科学家 爱因斯坦)
III. Students discuss whether they think these sayings are true.
Example: The most important thing to me is to be healthy. …(P. 7 ①)
IV. Listen (P. 7 ②) Tape script (Keys: 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 D)
1 Mm, well, I’ve got a good job. I work very hard and I earn a good salary. I’ll be honest ? I like spending money, especially on clothes. Why not? I’ve earned it, haven’t I?
2 Well, I think people are obsessed with money ? They think money brings you happiness. But you don’t need money that much … I think the most important thing is to try to help other people. I mean people who really need help. I am in two charities. We collect money for children in poor countries …
3 I’ve been out of work for five years now. It’s very difficult to get a job at my age, you know. And I’ve had a lot of personal problems. I don’t like asking for money, but I have to. I think a lot of people don’t know how easy it is to get into my situation.
4 Personally, I think it’s important to give money to charity, especially to charities for children. I mean most of us have some extra money, don’t we? I’m not very rich, but I try to give as much money as I can.
V. Practise: (P. 7 ③)
VI. Key Words to learn:
1. earn vt. 挣得 to get money by working ；赢得，获得
How much do you earn a week? 你一周赚多少钱?
He earns twice as much as I do. 他挣的钱是我挣的两倍。
His achievements earned him respect and admiration. 他的成就赢得人们的尊敬和仰慕。
2. out of work 失业 with no job that brings money
He has been out of work for a year. 他已经失业一年了。
3. beg vi. 乞求；乞讨 ask for food, money, etc. ；央告；恳求 ask for something with strong feeling
Every day they went to the road nearby and stood there begging. [名校学案：P.4]
He begged for a favor. 他要求帮个忙。 / The criminal begged for mercy. 那个罪犯恳求饶恕。
She begged her father to forgive her. 她恳求她父亲原谅她。
I beg you to pay attention. 我请你们注意听课。
May I beg a cigarette from you? 给我一根香烟好吗？
* I beg your pardon. 请原谅（用于做了错事道歉时）please excuse me ；
Beg pardon, did I tread on your foot? 对不起，我踩你的脚了吧？
* I beg your pardon. 请你再说一遍（用于没听清）please repeat what you have just said
Beg pardon, I don’t catch the Chairman’s remark. 对不起请再说一遍，我没听清楚主席的话。
VII. Homework: Debating and writing
☆ Students look back at the list in Exercise1 and divide the values into ‘material’ (e.g. having a big car) and ‘non-material’ values, e.g. (having friends). Write these in two columns on the board and elicit more suggestions of material and non-material values to add to the columns. In groups, students choose three material values and three nonmaterial values that are important for everybody. The groups then exchange ideas, justifying their decisions. Then write an article to narrate(叙述) your own choice and the reason why you do so.
Lesson 1 A Material World
Teaching Aims:
To read a text to find out specific facts
To review and practice using countable and uncountable nouns and the use of determiners: all, none, both, neither, another, other.
to practice students’ expressing ability
Teaching difficulties:
To review and practice using countable and uncountable nouns and the use of determiners: all, none, both, neither, another, other.
Teaching Aids: computer
Teaching procedures:
I. Warming up:
T: Would you like to be a millionaire? Why or why not
T: What can money buy?
T: Money can buy many things. Is money everything?
T: Ask students to guess the meaning, “Money talks(钱可通神。)”
T: Do you think so?
T: What can’t money buy?
1. Money can’t buy real friendship -- friendship must be earned.
金钱买不到真正的友谊 --- 友谊必須赢取。
2. Money can’t buy a clear conscience -- square dealing is the price tag.
金钱买不到清白的良心 --- 方正的行为是价格标签。
3. Money can’t buy the glow of good health -- right living is the secret.
金钱买不到健康的容光 --- 正当的生活是秘訣。
4. Money can’t buy happiness -- happiness is a mental attitude and one may be as happy in a cottage as in a mansion.
金钱买不到快乐 --- 快乐是一种心态，人住在茅屋可以像住在大廈一样快乐。
5. Money can’t buy sunsets, singing birds and the music of the wind in the trees --- these are as free as the air we breathe.
金钱买不到日落、鸟禽与林中风声的音乐 --- 这些都像我们所呼吸的空气一样是免费的。
6. Money can’t buy inward peace -- peace is the result of a constructive philosophy of life.
金钱买不到內在的宁静 --- 宁静是积极的人生观产生的结果。
7. Money can’t buy character --- character is what we are when we are alone with ourselves in the dark.
金钱买不到品德 --- 品德就是自我在暗地里独处时的样子。
T: Someone say “Money is the root of all evil.” Right?
T: Give the question “Who wants to be a Millionaire? I don’t” says Charles Gray.
Why does he say so?
II. Listening
T: Now listen to the cassette you will know why there are such people that don’t want to be a millionaire. Then ask the students to answer the question.
III. Reading: Do Exercise 2
i. Read the article. Decide if the statements below are true (T), false (F) or there is no information (NI)
ii. Read the text aloud then answer the questions
1. What was Charles’ life like in the past?
2. Why didn’t Charles want to be a rich man?
3. How did he deal with his money?
4 How about his life now?
5. How does he feel now? good or bad?
iii. Discussion: How do you treat the thing?
V. Language points and vocabulary:
1. determine vt. 决定；使决定,使下决心；判决,裁定[Y][+(that)] ；是……的决定因素
She determined to go that very afternoon. 她决定就在那天下午走。[名校学案：P.4]
My mom’s encouragement determined me to go on with my study. 我母亲的鼓励使我决心继续学业。
He was determined to win（决心……）the game. 他决心要赢得那场比赛。
The court determined that the man was guilty of drunken driving. 法官判决那个人酒醉开车有罪。
They have determined where the new school will be built. 他们已确定新的学校将建造在什么地方。
Demand determines supply. 需求决定供给。
vi. 决定[(+on)] ；[律] 终止;判决
* determination n. 决心，决意 a man of ~ ; He showed great ~. his ~ to marry her
2. concern [~ oneself]（人）涉及[……],有关系[in, with]；涉及，关系到；使担心；使关心[(+about/for)]
You’d better not concern yourself in such things. 你最好不要介入这种事。
I shall not concern myself with his affairs. 我不想介入他的事情。
The news concerns your brother. 这消息与你兄弟有关。
The boy’s poor health concerned his parents.那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母亲忧虑。
He is concerned for her safety. 他担心她的安全。
He was very concerned about her. 他对她非常关心。
* as concerns 关于（concerning） [名校学案：P.3]
* as / so far as …be concerned … 就……而言
As far as I am concerned, I cannot object to your marriage.
* To whom it may concern. 敬启者
n. 关心的事，重要的事[C] ；担心,挂念;关怀[U][C][(+about/for)]
That’s no concern of mine. 那不关我的事。
Andrew expressed his concern. 安德鲁表示了他的关切。
I have no concern with / in the company. 我和该公司没有任何关联。
3. give away 赠送；分发make a present of ；（在欧美婚礼中）(新娘)交给新郎 ； 泄露，出卖
She gave away all her money to the poor. 她把钱都送给穷人了。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
give away medals at a sports meeting 在运动会上分发奖章
The bride was given away by her father. 在婚礼上,新娘由其父亲交给新郎。
His accent gave him away as a northerner. 他的口音让人听出他是北方人。(… Don’t give me away)
He is a man who can give away friends for money. 他是一个能为钱出卖朋友的人。
4. aware 知道的,察觉的[F][(+of)][+that][+wh-] [名校学案：P.4]
She was not aware of having done wrong. 她没有意识到做错了事。
He was [became] aware of the danger. 他知道（注意到）危险。
I was aware of what he was aiming at. 我知道他在打什么主意（他的意图是什么我一清二楚）。
I am well aware that this is a tough job. 我深知这是一件棘手的工作。
5. drop out 脱离 ，退出，不再参加；掉落 ；退学
Luckily, I dropped out before the deal turned sour. 很幸运的,在交易变坏前我已退出了。
One of my teeth has dropped out. 我的一只牙齿掉了。
She dropped out of school to become a waitress. 她退学去当女招待。
6. drunk adj. 醉
He was drunk at the end of the party. 宴会结束时他喝醉了。
There were many drunk men in the streets. 街上有许多醉汉。
* drunken a. 酒醉的；常醉的,常酗酒的； 酒醉引起的；(喝醉般)东倒西歪的
a drunken sailor 喝醉的水手 drunken driving 酒醉后开车 a drunken sleep 喝醉后的睡眠
7. greedy a. 贪食的；贪吃的 ； 贪婪的[(+for/of)] ； 渴望的;(兴趣等)强烈的[(+for)][+to-v]
Don’t be so greedy --- leave some of the food for the rest of us. 别这么贪吃--留些食品给……
The dictator was greedy for power. 那个独裁者贪图权力。 She is greedy for success. 她渴望成功。
* greed n. 贪心；贪婪[U][(+for)]
His greed for money was his ruin. 他对金钱的贪得无厌是他毁灭的原因。 greed for money 贪财
8. resolution n. 决意，决心 (之事)
good resolutions 改邪归正的决心 one’s New Year’s resolution(s) 新年的决心
He made a resolution never to repeat the act. 他决心不再采取那种行动。
a man of great resolution 很有果断力的人 act with resolution 行动果断
He failed to get promoted for lack of resolution. 他因缺乏果断力而未能得到提升。
9. rude adj. 粗野的；粗鲁的；无礼的 impolite; lacking courtesy；没有文化的；未加工的，天然的
He spoke in a rude tone. 他用粗鲁的声音讲话。 Don’t be rude to your teacher. 不要对老师无礼貌。
He comes from a rude country background. 他出生在没有文化的农村。
They are buying rude cotton. 他们正在收购原棉。
10. turn one’s back(s) on 不理睬 拒绝
Did you really turn your back on his invitation? 你真的拒绝了他的邀请吗？
turn one’s back to 转身
The teacher turned his back to his students and found a boy making face.
11. feel like 想要
I was so angry that I felt like throwing something at him. 我很生气，以至于想用什么东西砸他。
I feel like going to bed, I’m tired. 我想上床休息，我累了。
VI. Grammar: Do the exercises 5, 6, 7 (P. 9 )
Best choice to consolidate the grammar
I don’t think we’ve met before. You ‘re taking me for ______
A. some other B. someone else C. other person D. one other
2. We’ve been looking at house but haven’t found ____we like yet.
A. one B. ones C. it D. them
3. We ask John and Jerry, but ___of them could offer a satisfactory explanation.
A. either B. none C. both D. neither
4. Playing tricks on others is ____we should never do.
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
5. She doesn’t know anyone here, She has got ____to talk to.
A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one
6. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will______.
A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else
7. There’s ____cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner and get ____?
A. little; some B. little; any C. a little; some D. a little; any
8. Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs ____ for the poor.
A. more B. much C. many D. most
9. Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about_____?
A. another B. the other C. others D. the rest
10. --What kind of food would you like to eat? -- ____ but Japanese. --How about Korean, then?
A. Anything B. Something C. Everything D. Nothing
Answers: A A D B D B A A D A
VII. Homework: Imagine what was in Charles Gray’s previous home and is in his caravan, using the vocation above to help you.
Lesson 2 The Right Price
Teaching Aims:
To practice intensive listening skills.
To practice the language of shopping and bargaining.
To recognize and practice the polite rise in intonation.
Teaching difficulties: To practice the language of shopping and bargaining.
Teaching Aids: computer and cassette
Teaching procedures:
I. Warming up: Discuss the problem of price and bargain.
1. How much pocket money do you get each month?
2. What things do you like to spend money on?
3. Generally speaking, do you think the prices marked on the goods are reasonable?
4. Can you judge the value of daily goods?
5. Do you often regret having bought something for price?
6. Are you good at bargaining?
7. How do you reduce the price? What do you say?
II. Listening
Do Exercise 4. Listen to an interview about where you can bargain. (P. 10 )
Do Exercise 5. Listen to part. Maybe you can learn some strategies of bargains. (P. 10 )
Do Exercise 6. ( We can bargain in the market in Chinese freely. If one day you go abroad do you know how to bargain? Listen to the cassette, and you will learn how to bargain in English. ) (P. 11 )
Do Exercise 7. ( Intonation can express one’s good manners. Being polite is very important in communication especially in business. Listen to the first part of the dialogue again. The underlined expressions have a rising intonation. This sounds polite. ) (P. 11 )
III. Speaking: Make up a new dialogue about buying (P. 11 ⑨)
IV. Discussion: Is the customer always right? (P. 11 Quote … Unquote )
V. Key Words to learn:
1. bargain n.[C] 协议[(+with)][+that] ；买卖,交易 ； 特价商品，便宜货 [名校学案：P. 4]
Clement made a satisfactory bargain with him. 克莱门特和他作了一次满意的交易。
These toys are a real bargain at such low prices. 这些玩具的价格这么便宜,真划得来。
It’s [That’s] a bargain. 就这样 [那样] 说定。
A bargain’s a bargain. ((谚))契约终是契约 (说定了就得遵守) 。
* vi. 讨价还价[(+with/over/about)] ；达成协议 ；
She bargained with the fishmonger over the price. 她与鱼贩讲价钱。
They bargained on a two-year term. 他们讲定以两年为期。
* vt. 讨价还价后卖掉 ； 经谈判后使得[O] ； 提出……条件[+that] ； 保证[+that]
They finally bargained out the obstacles to an agreement. 他们通过谈判终于排除了达成协议的障碍。
The trade union bargained that its members should have another week’s holiday. 工会提出……的要求。
I bargain that the job will be done in three days. 我保证这一工作在三天内完成。
2. product n.[C] 产品，产物；产量；出产； 结果，成果 [名校学案：P.4]
They came here in search of new markets for their products. 他们来此为他们的产品寻找新市场。
The plan was the product of many days of careful thought. 这个计划是许多天仔细考虑的成果。
3. enthusiastic 热情的；热烈的；热心的[(+about/over/at)] [名校学案：P.5]
David is very enthusiastic about the plan. 戴维对该项计划十分热心。
They are enthusiastic admirers of that movie star. 他们是那位电影明星的狂热崇拜者。
My parents are enthusiastic skiers. 我的父母是滑雪迷。
4. ashamed 羞愧的,感到难为情的[(+of)][+to-v][+that]；耻于……的，因难为情而不愿……的[+to-v]
She was ashamed of having failed in the examination. 她因考试不及格而感到羞愧。
I am ashamed for you. 我替你感到羞愧。
She was ashamed to tell anyone that she had fallen in love with him. 她羞于告诉任何人……
I am ashamed to ask for help. 我不好意思请人帮忙。 [名校学案：P.5]
* shame n. 惭愧；羞耻之心；耻辱：遗憾的事
She felt great shame at having failed the exam. 她考试不及格,感到极其羞愧。
He is a man who has no shame. 他是个毫无羞耻心的人。
What he did brought shame on his family. 他干的事使他的家庭蒙受了耻辱。
It’s a shame I haven’t heard from you for years. 真遗憾,我多年没有收到你的信了。
5. firm adj. 稳固的；牢固的；结实的 ； 坚定的，坚决的；坚挺的
I don’t think the chair is firm enough to stand on. 我觉得这椅子不够稳固,不能站人。
My brother has a firm belief in the value of cold baths. 我的兄弟坚信洗冷水澡有益健康。
* ad. 稳固地;牢固地
She holds firm to her belief in God. 她坚信上帝的存在。
If we stand firm, I firmly believe we shall succeed. 如果我们坚定不移，我坚信我们会成功。
6. clothing (总称)衣服,衣着[J]
The staff at this hotel wear uniform clothing. 这家饭店的员工穿统一的制服。
Our clothing protects us from the cold. 衣服帮我们御寒。
a wolf in sheep’s clothing 披着羊皮的狼 an article of 一件衣物
7. annoy v. 惹恼,使生气;使烦恼[(+by/at/with)] ；打搅，困扰 [名校学案：P.5]
His mother was annoyed with him for being so rude to their neighbors. 他母亲因为他……而生他的气。
These flies are annoying me. 这些苍蝇一直在打搅我。
8. comment n.[C][U] 注释，评注[(+on/about)]； 批评，意见，评论[(+on/about)] [名校学案：P.5]
He made no comments on our proposal. 他对我们的建议没有作评论。
His conduct at social gatherings created a lot of comment. 他在社交聚会上的表现引起许多闲话。
* vi. 做注解,做评注[(+on/upon)] ；发表意见,评论[(+on/upon)]
He did not comment on what I said. 他对我的话未作评论。
* vt. 注释，解释；评论[Y][+(that)]
He commented that it was an excellent film. 他评论这电影很精彩。
He commented that her acting was superb. 他评论说,她的演技精湛。
Lesson 3 Your money
Teaching Aims:
To predict the content of the text using the title and the picture
To make student realize the importance of protecting the environment and 5yuan’s use.
To practise using the infinitives
Teaching difficulties: To practise using the infinitives
Teaching Aids: computer and cassette
Teaching procedures:
I. Warming up
T: How much pocket money do you get each money?
T: What things do you like to spend money on?
T: You can spend your money more meaningful, you can save ￥5 to buy a trees to protect the environment and save our mother river.
T: What can prevent from soil erosion?
T: Your 5 yuan can have so much effect. Now read the text.
II. Reading
T: Your 5 yuan can have so much effect?
S: Yes, All this started with 5 yuan.
Do the exercise. (True, False, No Information)
1. With the money of selling trees , farmer can buy goods or services.
2. Fugu County has become into a green paradise.
3. Now government has taken measures to make everyone buy a young tree with 5 yuan.
4. Five yuan is too little you can give more money to plant more trees.
5. Planting more trees reduces soil erosion and makes soil fertile.
Answers: 1. F 2.F 3.NI 4.F 5.T
III. Listening: main idea of each paragraph
Para1. The removal of sand is the main cause of Yellow River erosion.
Para2. It is a massive job to control Yellow River erosion.
Para3. Everybody plays an important role in stopping Yellow River erosion.
Para4. A success of a tree-planting programme in Inner Mongolia.
Para5. You can use 5 yuan to buy a tree and create a green future.
IV. Read aloud and answer the questions:
1. Which river is being talked about in the text?
2. What’s the problem with the Yellow River?
3. In which area has soil erosion almost destroyed farming land?
4. Is it a massive job to control Yellow River erosion?
5. Who has the most important role to play in stopping Yellow River erosion? The government, international organizations or every one of us?
6. Which example is given to show that 5 yuan can help to rebuild a local economy?
Answers: 1. the Yellow River 2. soil erosion 3. Fugu County in Shanxi Province 4.Yes 5. every one of us 6. Jiuchengong Valley
V. Language points and vocabulary:
1. appeal vi. 呼吁，恳求[(+to/for)][+to-v] ；求助[(+to)] ；有吸引力；迎合爱好[W][(+to)]
He appealed to me for help. 他向我求援。 He appealed to his friends for support. 他请求朋友支持。
We will appeal to a great variety of sources of information. 我们将求助于多种资料来源。
The idea appealed to（使喜欢，吸引）Mary. 这主意正合玛丽的心意。
* 【律】上诉[(+to/against)] [名校学案：P.5]
He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given. 他对被判五年徒刑提出上诉。
* vt. 【美】将……上诉，对……上诉
He appealed his case to a higher court. 他向上一级法院申诉。
* n. 呼吁，请求[C][U][(+to/for)] ；吸引力，感染力[U]
He made one last appeal to his father to forgive him. 他最后一次恳求父亲宽恕他。
These subjects have lost their appeal for most students. 对多数学生来说,这些学科已经失去了吸引力。
2. contain vt. 包含；容纳 to have something inside; to hold ；相当于； 控制，遏制
Does this box contain biscuits? 这个盒子里有饼干吗？ How much will this bottle contain?
The case contains my clothes. 箱子里装有我的衣服。
The jar contains ten glasses of water. 这只大口瓶能装十杯水。
The pill contains vitamins. 这药丸中含有多种维生素。
A gallon contains four quarts. 一加仑相当于四夸脱。
He could not contain himself for anger. 他不能控制自己的怒气。
I couldn’t contain myself for joy. 我喜不自禁。
I could not contain my laughter. 我无法控制自己不笑出声来。 [名校学案：P.5]
3. balance n. 平衡；均衡[U][S] ；天平，秤[C] ；结存；结余[C]
I lost my balance and fell. 我身体失去平衡,摔了一跤。
Will you weigh it in the balance? 你用天平称一称好吗？
In what way is a laboratory balance different from a balance found in a store?
实验室的天平与商店里的秤在什么方面有所不同?
The balance on your account is US$5. 你的帐户上余额为五美金。
the balance of nature 生态平衡 destroy the balance 破坏平衡
4. remove vt. 移动，搬开；调动[(+from/to)]；脱掉；去掉，消除[(+from)]；把……免职；撤去[(+from)]
Students removed several desks to another classroom. 学生们把几张书桌搬到另外一间教室。
She removed the painting to another wall. 她把画搬到另一面墙上。
She saw he had removed his glasses. 她看到他摘下了他的眼镜。
He was removed from the post. 他被解雇了。
The corrupt official was removed from office. 这个贪官被罢了职。
5. puzzle n. 问题；难懂的事 problem; something that is difficult to understand ；谜[名校学案：P.5]
His wife has disappeared; it’s a puzzle. 他的妻子失踪了，这是件难于理解的事情。
It is a puzzle to me how he could come here. 我不知他是怎么到这里来的。
He has found out the puzzle. 他已猜中这条谜语了。
jigsaw puzzle拼板玩具；测验智力的玩具；picture in many small parts that you must put together
* v. 困惑；苦思 make you think a lot because you do not understand it
I am puzzled by the difficult question. 我被难题难住了。 It’s all very puzzling. 这都很使人莫名其妙。
This mystery puzzles me. 这件神秘事情使我百思不解。That’s what puzzled us.
6. behave vi. 表现，行为举止[Q] vt. （后接oneself）使检点，使守规矩
The young lady behaved courageously in the face of danger. 那位年轻女士面对危险表现得十分勇敢。
Behave yourself! 规矩点!
7. advance v. 前进；进展to move forward; to come forward；增加；提高（物价）increase; raise (prices)
Our troops have advanced 2 miles. 我们的军队前进了两英里。 [名校学案：P.5]
The troops advanced rapidly. 军队迅速向前推进。
Prices have never advanced. 物价从未上涨。
It is a great force to advance all kinds of work. 那是一个推动各项工作的巨大动力。
He worked so well that he was soon advanced to the position of secretary. ……不久被提升为秘书。
* n. 前进；进展 a forward movement; progress ； n. 涨价 a rise in price
The army has made an advance. 部队已取得进展。
This invention is a great advance. 该发明是一巨大进步。There is an advance in wheat. 小麦涨价了。
* advanced a. 在前面的；先进的，开明的；高级的，高等的；年迈的
advanced position 一处前沿阵地
Ancient Greece was an advanced civilization. 古希腊是个先进的文明国家。
My younger sister studied advanced math. 我妹妹学过高等数学。
His grandfather died at an advanced age of 98. 他祖父在九十八岁高龄时去世。
VI. Grammar: To practise using the Infinitives
VII. Speaking: Voice your opinion
Talk about the local environment you live in. What can you and your friends do to improve it?
VIII. Do the exercise Vocabulary Practice
IX. Homework: Do you have a plan for the use of your pocket money? Write about what you do with the money.
Lesson 4 Advertisements
Objectives
To read a text and distinguish fact from opinion.
To use -ed and -ing adjectives.
To use linking words: also, either, plus, too.
I. Reading: What’s the price of the product? (fill in the table)
name of the product price of the product
(1) walkabout headphones ￡80. 45
(2) micro camera ￡199.99
(3) earplug earrings ￡19.50
(4) feline floor cleaners ￡5.99
Now read the advertisements again and find some “opinions” and “facts” in each ad.
Product Opinions Facts
Micro Camera amazing, new,
convenient,
reliable, automatic,
attractive,
strong 1. no bigger than a credit card
2. easy to use
3. has an automatic focus and flash
4. made from titanium
Walkabout Headphones fantastic, exciting,
new, Excellent, 1. have no wires or cables
2. signals go through glass or wooden doors and walls
3. excellent value at: 80.45
Earplug Earrings attractive, useful 1. gold earrings
2. used in many different situations
3. a bargain at 19.50
Feline Floor Cleaners perfect, practical,
easy, cheap 1. made from good quality nylon
2. easy to wash
3. complete set for only 5.99
II. Post-Reading
☆ also, either, plus, too
also 意思是也，是比too较为正式的用语，通常用于肯定句中，一般靠近动词。
例如 He also asked to go．他也要求去。
too 意思也是也，是最普通的用语，常与also通用，但不如also正式，在口语中它用得更多。too通常放于句末，但有时为了不致引起含糊不清的感觉，把它紧放在所修饰的词之后。它也通常用于肯定句中。例如：
I, too, have been to Paris．我也去过巴黎。（这里明确表示人家去过巴黎，我也去过。而不是除了去过某地以外，还去过巴黎。）
either 意思也是也。它用于否定句中，而且要放在句末。
例如： If you do not go，I shall not either．倘若你不去，我也不去。
plus prep. 加上
This work requires intelligence plus experience.
这项工作需要才智和经验。
☆ Exercises
Examples
Pocket calculators are small and convenient. They are useful for homework, too.
① pocket calculators-small and convenient-useful for homework (too)
② electric toothbrushes-expensive-not very practical (either)
③ mobile phones- small and useful- cheaper than before (plus)
④ laptop computers- very expensive- not very reliable (either)
⑤ radio alarm clock- useful to get up in the morning- very cheap (too)
Answers
①Pocket calculators are small and convenient. They are useful for homework, too.
② Electric toothbrushes are expensive. They are also not very practical.
③ Mobile phones are small and useful. Plus they are cheaper than before.
④ Laptop computers are very expensive. They are not very reliable either.
⑤ Radio alarm clocks are useful to get up in the morning. They are very cheap, too.
☆ Complete the table with adjectives from the advertisements.
“-ed” adjectives Interested
“-ing” adjectives Amazing
Answers
-ed : advanced tired bored satisfied worried
-ing : relaxing exciting tiring boring
ing 形式和ed 形式在意义上是有区别的
ed式的则通常表示已发生的或已结束的动作，ing则表示正在发生的
如：boiled water开过了的水，白开水。
boiling water沸水
fallen leaves已落在地上的叶子
falling leaves正在下落的叶子
当然也有意义上的区别，在一些特定的词语上，如interesting和interested，exciting和excited这类词，ed就表示个人的感情而ing则表示物体的性质
如：interesting game好玩的游戏，ing表示游戏的性质--好玩
excited boy 兴奋的男孩，ed表示男孩的感情
☆ Complete the sentences with the correct alternative.
① I find shopping very (bored/ boring). I get very (bored/ boring) in supermarkets.
② I get (tired/ tiring) when I have a lot of homework. For me, math is very (tired/ tiring).
③ I am (interested/ interesting) in photography. I think black and white photos are more (interested/ interesting).
④ I don’t find football very (excited/ exciting). I only get (excited/ exciting) when I watch the World Cup.
⑤ The president said in the news that he was very (pleasing/pleased) with the country’s economic progress, but I found some of what he said very (worried/ worrying).
⑥ There was a really (excited/ exciting) basketball game in the stadium. However, I was a bit (disappointing/ disappointed) that my team lost, though!
Answers
① boring/bored ② tired/tiring ③ interested/interesting ④ exciting/excited
⑤pleased/worrying ⑥exciting/disappointed
III. Speaking
☆ Work in groups. One person chooses something from the list below or any other products. The others have five Yes/No questions to find out what it is.
Example
A: Do you wear it?
B: No.
C: Is it expensive?
B: Yes, it is.
IV. Writing
Take out a gadget, then try to describe it. Think out of the disadvantages and advantages of it and write them down.
V. Language points and vocabulary:
1. practical adj. 实践的,实际的；实用的 ；讲究实际的；可实施的
Practical experience is often very important. 实践经验往往是很重要的。
Your invention is very practical. 你的发明很实用。
She was a simple, practical, hardworking woman. 她简朴,实际,勤奋。
He gave sound and practical advice. 他提出了很好的,实际可行的建议。
2. bath n.
I am going to take a bath. 我打算洗个澡。 The bath is too hot. 洗澡水太烫了。
3. signal n.
A red lamp is used as a danger signal. 红灯用作危险信号。
The train must stop when the signal’s red. 信号机是红色时,火车必须停驶。
4. focus vt. 使聚焦[(+on)]，调节(镜头等)的焦距[(+on)] ； 集中[(+on)] [名校学案：P.5]
You can focus your telescope on that distant television tower. 你可以对着……调节望远镜的镜头。
He focused the camera and took a photo. 他对好焦距，照了一张相。
When studying, he focused his mind on his lessons. 读书时，他集中心思于功课上。
I can’t focus my thoughts today. 今天我的思想集中不起来。
* n. 焦点，焦距；中心，集中点，重点[the S][(+of)]
The focus of this chapter is the American Revolution. 本章的重点是讲美国独立战争。
She always wants to be the focus of attention. 她老想成为人们注意的中心。
5. flash vi. 飞驰，掠过 come and go suddenly；闪光，闪亮send out a sudden light；
The cars flashed by. 小汽车飞驰而过。 An aeroplane flashed across the sky. 一架飞机在空中掠过。
The idea flashed through his mind. 他脑子里内过一个念头。
Her eyes flashed fire. 她的眼睛闪现着热情。
A lighthouse was flashing in the distance. 灯塔在远处闪光。
A little light flashed on the wall. 墙上的一个小灯亮了。
* vt. 突然而短促地发出（光或火）
He flashed the light in her eyes. 他用光对着她的眼睛突然一照。
Her eyes flashed fire. 她的眼睛闪现着热情。
* n. 闪光 very sudden, quick, bright light
A flash of lightning is electricity jumping. 电光一闪是跳线。
A flash of lightning hit the tree. 雷电打在树上。
a flash in the pan 昙花一现 a flash of hope 一丝希望
* in a flash 刹那间 I saw it in a flash. 我在一刹那间看见了它。
6. electric adj. 电的；导电的；发电的；用电的；电动的worked by electricity；极其强烈的
an electric bell 电铃 an electric chair 电椅 an electric clock 电钟
an electric current 电流 an electric fan 电扇 an electric generator 发电机
an electric heater 电热器 an electric iron 电熨斗 an electric lamp 一盏电灯
an electric torch （手）电筒 electric waves 电波 an electric stove 电炉
electric light 电灯光，电灯 a toy electric motor 一台玩具电动机
The child likes electric toys. 这孩子喜欢电动玩具。
Some electric wells have been built. 已打了几眼机井。
I got an electric shock from the wire. 我被这根电线电击了一下。
His speech had an electric effect on the audience. 他的演讲令观众震惊不已。 [名校学案：P.6]
* electrical adj. 与电有关的，电气科学的 concerning electricity
He is an electrical engineer. 他是个电气工程师。
Communication Workshop
1. contact n. 交往; 联络,联系[with]
a point of contact = a contact point 接触点，触点
be in [out of] contact with … 与……有[没有]接触[联络,交往]
come in [into] contact with … 与……接触[联系]； 碰见
stay [keep] in contact with … 与……保持联系
lose contact with … 与……失去联络
make contact with … 与……联络
I don’t usually have much personal contact with him. 我平常很少与他有私人上的往来。
* vt. 与……接触;与……联系
I will contact him by telephone. 我将打电话和他联系。
Contact the police immediately. 立刻与警方连络。
2. replace vt. 放回原处； put something back in its place again； 替换；取代；轮换put one thing in place of another thing [名校学案：P.6]
Let’s replace the things exactly as they were before. 让咱们把这些东西放回原处。
She replaced the receiver. 她将听筒放了回去。
The brakes have to be replaced. 刹车需要更换。
Electric lights have replaced candles. 电灯已经取代了蜡烛。
More new machines will be installed to replace the old ones. 将安装更多新机器来代替旧机器。
Lao Yang was elected to replace Lao Zhu in the committee. 老杨当选为委员，来代替老朱。
Culture Corner / Bulletin Board