Unit 2
Reading
1 witness n.目击者;见证人[C][(+of/to)]
I was a witness to the argument.我是那场争论的见证人。
证词[U] She was punished for giving false witness.她因作伪证受到惩处。
证据,证明[C][(+to)]
vt.目击I witnessed the traffic accident.我目睹了那次交通事故。
作...的证人;连署
The two servants witnessed Mr. Smith's will.两个仆人在史密斯先生的遗嘱上签名作证。
是...的发生地点
The year 1849 witnessed a great war in Hungary.一八四九年匈牙利发生了一场大战。
vi.作证,证明Several people witnessed against the accused.几个人作了不利于被告的证明。
2 star n.[C] (电影、体育等的)明星,杰出人物
His wish to become a football star has come true.他想当足球明星的愿望实现了。
vt. 使成明星,由...主演
Yesterday we saw a film starring Charlie Chaplin.昨天我们看了一部查理卓别林主演的电影。
vi.当明星,主演She has starred in some thirty films.她主演过大约三十部影片。
表现出色He didn't star at that job.那份工作他干得并不出色。
3 cast vt.投,掷,抛,扔,撒
He cast a stone into the river.他向河中投了一块石子。
投射(光、影、视线等)[(+at/on)]
I just cast a glance at the headlines.我只是看了看标题。
选派...扮演角色,为(戏剧、角色)选派演员[(+as/in)]
Ann was cast as the wife. 安妮被选派扮演妻子的角色。
4 take on呈现
The insect can take on the color of its surroundings.这种昆虫能随环境而变色。
承担（任务、职责），He is unwilling to take on heavy responsibilities.他不愿承担重任。
开始雇佣; [口]流行, 风行; 受欢迎
take off 脱下;移去
He took off his raincoat and took out the key.他脱下雨衣,拿出钥匙。
起飞The plane will take off soon.飞机马上就要起飞了。
休假He took two weeks off in August.他在八月份休假了两个星期。
take up 开始从事;着手处理
When did he take up football?他是什么时候开始踢足球的?
占用;化去The work took up all his time.那工作花费了他所有的时间。
对...发生兴趣; 继续
take down 拿下, 取下;记[录]下来;拆掉
take ... for ...以为(某人或某物)是
take in 装入, 收容, 接待;缩短; 改小; 收(帆);领会, 理解; [口]欺骗
take over接收[管, 任]
take to爱, 喜欢;嗜好, 沉迷于, 养成...的习惯
5 desperate a.情急拼命的,铤而走险的
A desperate man will stop at nothing to get what he wants.
一个亡命之徒为了达到自己的目的什么事都做得出来。
危急的;绝望的
He was desperate when he lost all his money.当他丢了所有的钱时,他绝望了。
极度渴望的 [(+for)][+to-v]
He was desperate for work to provide for a large family.
他渴望有个工作,挣钱供养子女众多的家。
6 torture n.拷打,酷刑;拷问[U]
Many of the POWs died under torture.许多战俘被折磨致死。
折磨,痛苦[C][U][(+of)][+to-v]
suffer torture from因...受痛苦
She suffered tortures from a toothache.她受牙痛的折磨。
The sight of his sick brother was torture to him.
看到他生病的哥哥那副样子令他非常痛苦。
vt.拷打;拷问[OThe police tortured him to confess his crime.警察拷打他,逼他招供。
折磨;使为难 [(+with/by)]
He was tortured with anxiety.他为焦虑所苦。
7 stage vt. 把...搬上舞台,上演
The city was staging Hamlet.该城市正在上演《哈姆雷特》。
筹划;举行,发动They decided to stage a general strike.他们决定举行总罢工。
vi.(剧本)适于上演The script staged pretty well.这剧本舞台演出效果甚好。
8 There could not be a better setting!的意思是“不可能有比这更好的场景了。”否定词never/ no/ not /nothing等与比较级连用，往往表达最高级含义。
世上没有比那些书更有价值的东西了。
Nothing in the world is more valuable than those books.
=Those books are the most valuable in the world.
He said he had never watched a more exciting game before.
=He said the game was the most exciting one he had ever watched.
9 decorate … with … 用（装饰物）装饰/修饰…… be decorated with
furnish … with… 为（房间或房屋）配备（家具） be furnished with
equip … with … 用（仪器、设备等）装备（工厂、车间、实验室等）be equipped with
Her living-room is furnished with a comfortable new sofa.
The workshop is equipped with many modern machines. (It is a well / fully equipped workshop.)
They always decorate their classroom with balloons and flowers when Christmas comes.
对应名词分别为decoration(装饰，装饰品); furniture(家具); equipment（装备，设备，器材）
10 shortly ad.立刻,马上,不久
She's going to New York shortly.她不久将去纽约。
简短地,扼要地；不耐烦地,简慢地
"You ought to be in bed," Mother said shortly.妈不耐烦地说道:"你该上床去了"。
Afterward ad.之后,以后,后来
You left before eleven. What did you do afterward?你十一点之前离开后做什么去了?
Afterward they had lunch in the garden.然后他们在园子里吃午饭。
11 leave vt.离开(某处)[(+for)]
Mr. Smith left the room at two o'clock.史密斯先生两点离开房间。
离开(某人)的身边;遗弃,离弃Her husband has left her.她的丈夫把她遗弃了。
辞去(工作等);脱离(组织等)
Mary left school last year and she is working in a shop now.
玛丽去年退了学,现正在一家商店工作。
遗忘;丢下I left my keys behind.我忘了带钥匙了。
听任,使处于某种状态He left the windows open.他让窗子开着。
留给He left me a few books.他留给我几本书。
把...交给;委托[(+with/to)][+v-ing][O2]
You can leave your case with me.你可以把箱子交给我。
剩下I felt I had little energy left.我感到我一点劲也没有了。
vi.离去;动身[(+for)]We will leave for London next week.我们下周动身去伦敦。
12 be drunk with 醉心于、、、，对、、、痴迷，陶醉于、、、
He is drunk with success
Ex: translate:不要沉迷于网络。___________T
13 exercise control over 对、、、实施控制，控制
We should think of a way to exercise control over our expenses.
Ex: 1）The pilot _______ _______ ________ (失去控制)the plane.
2)She managed to ________ _______ _______(控制住)her car on the ice.
3)She may be old ,but she is still _____ _____ (掌管)
Ex:翻译1）He exercise his right as a citizen._____________
2）Teachers exercise authority.___________
14 terrify vt.恐吓，使感到恐怖
The thunderstorm terrified the child.大雷雨把这孩子吓坏了。
terrified adj.害怕的，吓坏了的
The animals were terrified by the storm.动物被风暴吓坏了
They were terrified by his sudden appearance.他的突然出现，把他们吓了一跳。
The children were terrified of being scolded.那孩子害怕挨骂。
15 condemn vt.判刑，处刑；声讨；谴责
Most people are willing to condemn violence of any sort as evil.
任何人都愿意把任何暴力行为视为恶行加以谴责。
Ex: The judge _______ him for fraud.
A. denounced B. condemned C. charged D. accused
Grammar and task
1 privilege n.特权;优特[C][U]
He enjoys diplomatic privileges.他享有外交特权。
(个人的)恩典,殊荣
It is a great privilege to know you.认识你真是莫大的荣幸。
vt.给予...特权(或优待)
This pass will privilege you to attend the closed hearings.
有了这张通行证你便可以出席不公开的听证会。
2 desire vt.渴望;要求[+to-v][+that][O]
He desired us to leave soon.他希望我们尽快离开。
She desired to marry a rich man.她很想嫁个富翁。
People desire peace.人们渴望和平。
n.欲望,渴望[C][U][(+for)]
I have no desire to discuss the question.我不想讨论这个问题。
3 put up建造
They put up a tent by the fire.他们在火堆旁搭起了一个帐篷。
供给...住宿
We can put all of you up for the night.我们可以安排你们所有人过夜。
举起(推荐,提高); 张贴；公布
We want to put you up for club treasurer我们想请你担任俱乐部的司库
My landlord's threatening to put the rent up by 10 a week我的房东要挟说要把每周租金提高10英镑
I don't know how she puts up with him/his cruelty to her. 我不明白她怎麽能 [忍受他的虐待].
put up a tent架起帐篷
to put up a notice
4 apply vt.涂,敷;将...铺在表面[(+to)]
The nurse applied the ointment to the wound.护士把药膏敷到伤口上。
应用;实施[(+to)]
We should apply both theories in the language classroom.
我们应把两种理论都运用到语言教室中去。
使适用 [(+to)]
This rule can not be applied to every case.这条规则并不是在每种情况下都能适用的。
(后常接oneself)使致力(于),使专心从事[(+to)]
He applied himself to learning French.他致力于学习法语。
vi.申请,请求[(+for/to)][+to-v]
He has applied for a post in England.他已申请在英国供职。
起作用;适用[(+to)]
5 participate vi.参加,参与[(+in)]
No professionals participated in the contest.没有职业选手参加这一比赛。
Everyone can participate in this game.每个人都能参加这游戏。
含有,带有[(+of)]
His poems participate of the nature of satire.他的诗带有讽刺性
6 voyage n. 航海旅行
指点迷津：
1） voyage指不论路程长短的水上或空中的旅行
2） journey一般指时间和距离都较长的陆路旅行，不含有回到原出发地的意思
3） trip指短距离的旅行，常回到原出发地
4） tour指周游或巡回旅行，常常是访问一系列地方后又回到原出发地
5） travel泛指旅行这一行为过程。指具体的旅行时常用复数，用单数一般表示旅行的抽象概念
练习：
用voyage, journey, trip, tour或travel填空。
1） His parents are on a____ by ship now.
2） He made a __ around the Greek Island.
3） ____ in the mountains can be slow and dangerous.
4） Did you go to Pairs during your____?
Project
1 evolve vt.使逐步形成;发展,展开
How did you evolve this very personal and original style?
你是怎样逐步形成这种很有个性且具独创性的风格的?
引申出,推断出[(+from)]
We had to evolve the truth from a mass of confused evidence.
我们不得不从大量庞杂的证据中推断出事情的真相。
vi.逐步形成;发展;进化;成长[(+from/into)]
Scientists think that birds probably evolved from reptiles.
科学家认为,鸟很可能是由爬行动物进化而来的。
The simple plan evolved into a complicated scheme.这个简单的计划发展成了一项复杂的规划。
2 anchor vt.抛锚使(船)停泊;使固定,系住
We anchored the tent with pegs.我们用桩子固定帐篷。
主持(广播节目等)
She anchors a 45-minute news show at noon.
她每天中午主持四十五分钟的新闻广播。
be anchored in… 扎根于…之中
be at anchor 在停泊中
come to (an) anchor抛锚, 停泊; 停下来
完成句子：
The large ship ___ ____ ____(停泊在) Huangpu River.
3 improvise vt.即兴创作(诗歌、乐曲等);即兴表演(或朗诵等)
If an actor forgets his words, he has to improvise.
演员要是忘记台词,那就只好即兴现编。
临时做;临时提供;临时凑成
He improvised a bookcase out of crates.他用板条箱临时做成书架。
4 essential a.必要的,不可缺的[(+to/for)]
Hard work is essential to success.成功必须努力工作。
本质的,实质的;基本的
There is no essential difference between the two drafts.两份草稿没有本质上的不同。
n.[P]要素,要点;必需品
Our course deals with the essentials of management.我们的课程讲述管理的基本要点
5 decline vi.下降,下跌;减少;衰退,衰落
As one grows older one's memory declines.人的记忆力随着年龄增长而衰退。
Unemployment declined to 4 percent last month.上个月失业率降至百分之四。
婉拒;谢绝
vt.婉拒;谢绝[+to-v]
She declined their invitation.她婉拒了他们的邀请。
She declined to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well.
她说她身体不舒服,婉拒了与她的朋友共进午餐。
n.下降;减少There is a decline in real wages.实际工资有所减少。
用法拓展：
decline sth. 谢绝…..
decline to do sth. 谢绝做…
on the decline 衰退中，走下坡的
完成句子：
There has been___ ____ ____(逐渐减少) in the population of the town.
He___ ____ ____(拒绝回答) my question.
6 intend vt.想要;打算[+to-v][+v-ing][+(that)][O2]
He intends his son to manage the company.他打算让他儿子经营该公司。
I intend studying abroad.我打算出国留学。
Let's ask her what she intends us to do.让我们问她要我们做什么。
打算使...(成为);(为...而)准备[(+for/as)][O2]
That trap is intended for you.那个圈套是为你而设的。
意指,意思是I intend that you shall take over the business我有意让你接管公司.
用法拓展：
intend to do sth.
intend sb. to do sth.
intend + that 从句（从句用虚拟语气）
intend for打算供...使用; 打算送给;打算使...成为; 想让...从事某事
2) intended to have done 本来打算做
7 fame n.[U]声誉,名望
He cares very little for fame and gain.他对名利很淡薄。
come to fame成名
vt.使闻名,使有名望 [(+for)]
The king was famed for his cruelty.那个国王以残暴出名。
8 draft n.草稿,草图[C]
He had painfully written out a first draft.他辛苦写出了首稿。
vt.起草;设计I had to draft a cable home.我得写一份发往家里的电报稿。
选派
【美】征(兵);征集[(+into)]
Her brother was drafted into military service.她哥哥应征入伍。
a rough draft草稿
the first draft初稿
Draft out起草，草拟
9 appeal vi.呼吁,恳求[(+to/for)][+to-v]
He appealed to me for help.他向我求援。
He appealed to his friends for support.他请求朋友支持。
诉诸,求助[(+to)]
We will appeal to a great variety of sources of information.我们将求助于多种资料来源。
有吸引力,迎合爱好 [(+to)]
The idea appealed to Mary.这主意正合玛丽的心意。
【律】上诉[(+to/against)]
He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given.他对被判五年徒刑提出上诉。
n.呼吁,请求[C][U][(+to/for)]
He made one last appeal to his father to forgive him.他最后一次恳求父亲宽恕他。
吸引力,感染力[U]
These subjects have lost their appeal for most students.对多数学生来说,这些学科已经失去了吸引力
用法：
1) appeal to sb. to do sth. 恳求某人做某事
appeal to sb. for为...向某人呼吁[请求]
appeal to 诉诸…
用适当的介词填空
1)The idea appealed___ Mary.
2)These subjects have lost their appeal___ most students.
3)He made one last appeal___ his father to forgive him.
10 break up v. 分解，拆散
短语归纳：
break out （战争，火灾）爆发
break in 闯入，插入
break off 使终止，打断
break into 闯入，打断（带宾语）
break through 出现；突破
break down 分散，拆散；坏了；身体垮下来
单选：
1)You will___ sonner or later if you keep working like that.
A break off B. break down C. break into D. break out
2) Can he___ away from old habits?
A. do B. put C. take D. break
11 cut away切除, 剪掉
cut back(on)减少; 剪短; 倒叙; 缩减;
cut down on减少..., 缩减...
cut in插进来说, 插嘴
cut off 切断, 停掉；隔绝, 挡住；使电话中断；切[剪]下来
cut out删掉；停止
cut through穿过, 穿透;
cut up 切[破]碎；
cut short缩短He had to cut his trip short.他只得缩短自己的旅程。