模块三 语法专练：名词性从句
【考点透视】
在中学英语中，名词性从句是复合句中构成和分类最为复杂的部分。根据近年来高考英语命题的走向，今后它将仍然是考查的热点。其主要考点分布在：名词性从句的语序、名词性从句的连接词的辨析、有关名词性从句的常见句型等。
名词性从句在句中的作用相当于名词，共有四种：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连词有：
①连接代词：who，whose，whom，what，which。
②连接副词：when，where，why，how。
③其他连接词：that，whether，if，as if。
注意：
①连接代词和连接副词在句中不是疑问词，因此从句中不用疑问式(即不要倒装)。
②连接代词和连接副词在句中充当句子成分。
③连接词that，whether，if，as if在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分。
（一）主语从句
主语从句在句中作主语，它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但是当主语从句太长时，同是把它放在句子后部，前面用it作形式主语，如：
It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not. 你来还是不来，关系不大。
(whether you will come or not是主语从句，it在句中作形式主语)
（二）表语从句
表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句系动词之后。如：
That’s why he was late.
注意：表语从句还可用as if引导。如：
She looked as if she was going to cry.
（三）宾语从句
宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词宾语，在使用宾语从句时有以下几点需要注意：
1．时态呼应：当主句谓语动词是过去时态，宾语从句要使用过去时态的某种形式。
2．介词之后的宾语从句，一般不用if或which连接，要用what或whether。
3．whether和if都可以引导动词之后的宾语从句，二者常可互换，但是在正式文体中．或从句中有or not时，只用whether，不用if。
4．注意否定前移：当主句是I / We think (或suppose，expect，believe，imagine，guess) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定的，常常把否定词not从从句移到主句。比较：
I think you are not right.
I don’t think you are right.
I believe they won’t win the game.
I don’t believe they will win the game.
（四）同位语从句
同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后面，用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。常跟同位语从句的名词主要有：idea，news，fact，promise，answer，belief，condition．doubt，fear，hope，problem，proof，question，reply，report，suggestion，thought，truth等。
同位语从句可由that，whether，when，how等连词引导。
【题例精析】
【例1】 Your ability has never been in doubt - the question is _______ you are prepared to work hard. （2007启东中学3月卷）
A. that B. whether
C. if D. how
【易错点悟】解答该题的关键是要注意连接词if 和whether引导名词性从句的用法区别。
【要点精析】根据题干意义“……问题是你是否准备努力学习”，因此选项A、D不符合句子意思；if在名词性从句中仅可以连接宾语从句，不可引导其它名词性从句，故应排除。
【答案】B
【例2】The recent information has been put forward________ more high school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. as B. which
C. while D. that
【易错点悟】解答该题的关键是分析句子意思，推断从句类型。
【要点精析】该题是主语从句，分析从句意义可知，选项B、C、D连接主语从句时，意义不成立，故应选连接词that，that在此无意义，仅起连接作用。
【答案】A
【专项检测】
1. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from ______ she used to be.
A. that B. whom
C. what D. who
2. Who do you think the doctor will have _______ first, John or Kate?
A. examine B. to examine
C. examining D. examined
3. ―What Re you anxious about?
―__________.
A. Whether we can succeed B. If we succeed
C. Do we succeed D. That we can succeed
4. Everything depends on ________ they will support you about it.
A. if B. which
C. whether D. that
5. Lily has some idea ______ she’s going to be when she grows up.
A. what B. that
C. as D. which
6. _____ happens to call while I am out of the office, please have him leave the message for me.
A. Who B. Anyone
C. Someone D. Whoever
7. ―Would you like to have a swim with us in the sea?
―I will ask my palms _________.
A. whether they will agree to do B. if they let me go
C. if they will let me go D. whether they allow me to
8. The reason why I plan to go is _______ if I don’t.
A. because she will be disappointed
B. that she will be disappointed
C. because she will have a disappointment
D. for she will be disappointed
9. ―I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply.
― Oh, that was probably ______ I was seeing a doeth.
A. when B. why
C. what D. that
10. That is _______ I was born and grew up.
A. there B. in which
C. where D. the place
11. Please tell me _____ you would like to have your coffee ―black or white?
A. what B. where
C. when D. how
12. I don’t think ______ Jenny can come home this weekend.
A. if B. why
C. that D. when
13. ______ get such a book?
A. Where do you think can I B. Do you think where can I
C. Do you think when I can D. Where do you think I can
14. ―My foot hurts terribly, doctor.
―Well, I wonder ______ it has been like this.
A. since when B. since then
C. how D. when
15. ―Do you know _____ Mr. Black’s address is?
―He may live at No. 18 or 19 Bridge Street. I’m not sure of ________.
A. what; which B. where; which
C. where; what D. what; where
16. Those children me wild. I feel sorry for _______ has to be their babysitter.
A. whoever B. who
C. whomever D. someone
17. ―Do _______ you think is right, _________ they say.
―Yes. I_________.
A. as; what; do B. as; whatever; will
C. what; what; can D. what; whatever; will
18. Do you know _______ the peasants make of the fallen fruit?
A. how B. how useful
C. what D. what use
19. ―John has got a very good job in the government.
―_______ he looks so happy.
A. It’s natural B. That’s because
C. No wonder D. As though
20. ―Do you mind if Jim will come to help?
― I really don’t know ______ a person like him can help me with.
A. what B that
C. how D. if
21. It was said _____ was all ______ he said.
A. that that; that B. that that what
C. which it; that D. that what; that
22. A man’s worth lies not so much in _____ he has but in _______ he is.
A. what; who B. what; what
C. that; that D. what; all
23. He was so angry at all _______ he was doing ________ he walked out.
A. what; that B. that; that
C. that; what D. what; what
24. If the south had won the war,________ is now the United States might have been divided into several countries.
A. what B. where
C. then D. that
25. It was with great courage ______ the boy told the truth _______ he had stolen the money.
A. which; that B. when; what
C. as; that D. that; that
26. ________ I can’t understand is ________ she wants to change her mind.
A. What; why B. Which; bow
C. That; why D. What; because
27. That was______ was first called “India” by Columbus.
A. what B. where
C. ale place D. then, where
28. It is said that the famous football star is not waling to play for ________ would pay him three million dollars a year.
A. anyone B. whomever
C. no matter who D. whoever
29. ―Did you hear the news this morning?
―Oh, yes, ________ was announced on the radio has caused great excitement among pupils.
A. that B. what
C. something D. all what
30. In some countries, ________ are called “public schools” are not owned by the public.
A. which B. as
C. what D. that
31. ________ happens in the world makes us happy and sad by turns.
A. That B. What
C. Which D. Whether
32. One of the men present held the view _______ the book said was fight.
A. what that B. what
C. that D. that what
33. Living things are dying nut quickly. First, we should ask ______ destroying them in the past years.
A. what pad people have been playing
B. people have played in
C. what part people have played in
D. people have been playing what part
34. I remember_______ the factory owned a small workshop and 2 machines.
A. when B. how
C. whether D. what
35. _______ people spend so much money on their pets _________ us a lot.
A. That; surprises B. What; surprising
C. How; are surprised D. That; is surprised
36. Now that you have a job, you must exert yourself in _______ you do at work.
A. however B. no matter what
C. no matter how D. whatever
37. Mary said it was very important to her that she ________ her work.
A. is liking B. like
C. likes D. liked
38. _______ all the inventions have in common is _______ they have succeeded.
A. What; what B. That; that
C. What; that D. That; what
39. The boy dived into the water and after _______ seemed to be a long time. he came up again.
A. what B. that
C. it D. which
40. It was not until dark _____ he found _______ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.
A. that; what B. that; that
C. when; that D. wheal what
41. Professor Lee’s book will show you _____ can be used in other fields.
A. that you have obeyed B. how that yon have observe
C. how that you have observed D. how what you have observed
42. Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and _______ more than 10,000 years ago.
A. this is Alaska B. Alaska is now
C. is now Alike D. what is now Alaska
43. Mr. Brown said that he was always right, then I discovered, _________ was news to me, to _____he was wrong.
A. which; because B. which; as
C. what; that D. it; that
44. Why don't you bring _________ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?
A. this B. that
C. what D. it
45. We believe ________ you have been devoted to _______ naturally of great necessity.
A. that; being B. all that; be
C. that all; are D. what; is
46. Having traveled eight hours on end, we finally reached ______ is now a big city.
A. which B. what
C. where D. it
47. She knew nothing about his journey _______ he is likely to be away for three months.
A. except B. except for
C. except mm D. in addition
48. All I want to say is _______ we need more time.
A. this B. it
C. that D. which
49. His ability has never been in doubt ― the question is ______ he is prepared to work hard.
A. whether B. if
C. that D. where
50. ________ they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.
A. What B. That
C. How D. Whether
51. ―Where would you like to go?
―I don't mind _____ I go; I will go _____ you want to go.
A. where; the place B. where; wherever
C. the place; wherever D. wherever; no matter where
52. Although ________ happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.
A. this B. what
C. how D. it
53. I'm wondering _______ he expects will win the gold medal in the men's Single.
A. who B. whom
C. which D what
54. ―What is that building?
― ________ the students have their dancing classes.
A. The building that B. There
C. That's the building which D. That's where
55. ―I don't think that Bob will come here again today.
―Please give the book to _______ comes here first.
A. whoever B. whomever
C. who D. whom
56. We decided, in view of his special circumstances, ________ we would admit him for a short period.
A. / B. that
C. whether D. what
57. The doctors are trying to reduce the patient’s fear _________he would die of the disease.
A. which B. when
C. that D. if
58. It is strange that such a thing _________ in your school.
A. will happen B. happens
C. should happen D. happened
59. Is it true ________ the rain stops, it will be as hot as in the summer here? (2006启东4月卷)
A. when B. that when
C. whenever D. that
60. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _____ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. （2006重庆卷）
A. why B. that
C. where D. because
61. Please remind me ____ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. (2006全国卷I)
A. where B. when
C. how D. what
62. ―It’s thirty years since we last met.
―But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ____ we got lost on a rainy night.
(2006四川卷)
A. which B. that
C. what D. when
【答案解析】
1．C。what he /she / it used to be已经成为一种习惯说法，意为“过去的样子”。what指一种情况，并非指人，所以不可用who/whom。正确答案是C。
2．D。who可以代替whom在句中作have的宾语。而examined和宾语存在被动关系，用作宾语补足语。正确答案是D。
3．A。主句承前省略，答案只保留了宾语从句，这样不管在意义和结构方面都要和宾语从句一致；由上下文情景可知A选项最佳。
4．C。depend on是固定词组“依靠”，其中介词on之后的宾语从句只可用whether引导。
5．A。idea是从句前面的先行名词；what引导同位语从句，在从句中作宾语。很明显从句部分是对前面先行名词的具体内容的进一步说明。正确答案是A。
6．D。whoever表示“无论是谁”。正确答案是D。
7．C。本题考点是宾语从句。go是第一次出现，不可省略；是“父母亲让我去(let me go)”才合题意。正确答案是C。
8．B。the reason后面的表语从句中应用that而不是because引导。正确答案是B。
9．A。题意：“你十点钟打电话时”正是“我看医生之时”。在题干中用作表语从句。
10．C。where引导表语从句，B项不能引导表语从句，其他选项意思与题干不符。
11．D。加牛奶的咖啡为white coffee，所以black or white表示方式，这样以说明说话人想要表达的准确意义。正确答案是D。
12．C。本题考查宾语从句。Jenny can come home this weekend是个完整的句子，因此引导词用that。
13．D。do you think为插入语，在含有插入语的句子中，谓语动词用陈述句语序。正确答案是D。
14．A。句意所缺部分表示“自从何时起”。when引导的部分说明的是一个时间点。
15．A。What's one's address?是表示问某人地址的交际语，不可用when。which描指代十八或十九中的一个。
16．A。所缺引导词引导宾语从句且作has的主语。因此要使用主格，在从句中充当主语。
17．D。you think为插入语；whatever引导让步状语从句；I will表示将来的动作。正确答案是D。
18．D。make use of 中的use被当作了先行词。正确答案是D。
19．C。no wonder表示“难怪；怪不得”。后面的部分用作同位语从句。
20．A。本题考点是宾语从句。其中help sb. with sth.用法中的宾语由what充当。
21．A。本题考查 it + be + v-ed +that-从句。第一个空中的第二个that表示“那”，第二空中的that引导定语从句修饰all。正确答案是A。
22．B。he has和he is后分别需要宾语和表语，what引导从句。正确答案是B。
23．B。第一空中由that引导定语从句，第二空后是so ... that...引导的结果状语从句。
24．A。what引导土语从句，吐在主句中用作主语。
25．D。第一空引导强调句，后一空引导同位语从句，其先行名词是truth，说明其具体内容。
26．A。what引导主语从句，且作understand的宾语，后一空表示原因。
27．A。本题考查主语从句。what引导主语从句，且作was called的主语。
28，D。whoever引导宾语从句，且作would pay的主语。
29．B。what引导主语从句，且作主语。
30．C。what引导主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语。句意为“在许多国家，所谓的公立学校并非公众所有”。
31．B。that引导主语从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，但不能省略。what除引导主语外，还在从句中作成分。which指一定范围内的“哪一个”；whether意为“是否”。根据句意“世上的事喜忧交替”可知答案为B。
32．D。that引导同位语从句：what the book said是同位语从句中的主语。正确答案是D。
33．C。宾语从句应用陈述语序，play a part in意为“(在……中)扮演角色，(在……中)起作用”。
34．A。该属考查when引导的宾语从句。句意为“我记得曾经这个工厂只有一个小车间和两台机器”，只有when指时间。
35．A。第一空考查主语从句，主谓宾齐全，要用that引导，第二空考查谓语动词，用单数形式。
36．D。在介词的宾语从句中作do的宾语，要用what或whoever。
37．B。在It is important/necessary that ...句型中，it是形式主语，其后的从句是主语从句；主语从句要用虚拟语气，should可省略。直接用动词原形。
38．C。第一空考查主语从句中what充当have的宾语，第二空考查表语从句，不缺成分，that不可省。
39．A。在after之后的宾语从句中缺主语要用what，而不用it，表示the period/time that，意为“在那看似很长的一段时间之后”。
40．A。第一空是考查not until的强调句型，第二空是宾语从句中的主语，用what。
41．D。这是宾语从句里再带有主语从句的复杂的句子。章为：“李教授的书将告诉你所观察到的东西如何应用到其他领域”。
42．D。考查宾语从句中充当主语的方法。what相当于the place that...。
43．C。第一空是考查插入语的用法，第二空是宾语从句以that引导。
44．D。考查it作形式宾语的用法。真正的宾语为后面的that从句。
45．D。本题考查宾语从句中包含主语从句的用法。第一空what在主语从句中作devote to的宾语。第二空be of great necessity表示“很有必要”。
46．D。考查宾语从句中what充当主语的用法。what相当于the place that。故答案是B。
47．C。A、B项是介词，不可接从句。此题考查“except(介词) + 宾语从句”的用法。
48．C。在表语从句中不充当成分的用that，不可省略。故正确答案是C。
49．A。考查以whether引导的名词性从句在句中作表语。意为：“他的能力毋庸置疑--问题是他是否准备努力工作。”故正确答案是A。
50．B。在主语从句中不缺成分，用that，不可省略。意为：“她们是真正的姐妹，这从她们的面部长相就可看出。”故正确答案是B。
51．B。第一空考查以what引导的从句作mind的宾语。第二空是wherever引导的让步状语从句。
52．B。让步状语从句中又带有一个主语从句，并且作主语，用what。故正确答案是B。
53．A。在wondering后的宾语从句中，who作主语，并且带有插入语he expects。
54．D。考查以where引导的表语从句，如用C要改为：That's the building when...那就是where引导的定语从句。故正确答案是D。
55．A。whoever既引导名词性从句作介词to的宾语，又在从句中作主语，表示“任何一个”，不可用whoever。
56．B。... in view of his special circumstances表示“鉴于他的特殊情况”，作插人语，后面是以that引导的宾语从句。故正确答案是D。
57．C。考查以that引导的名词性从句作fear的同位语，在从句中不充当成分。
58．C。在It’s strange / necessary / important ... that ...句型中，用虚拟语气，should十动词，should可以省略，但不可以换成would。
59．B。that引导的是主语从句。when the rain stops在主语从句中是时间状语从句。
60．B。题干中的reason是同位语从句中的先行名词，该名词和其后的从句被介词短语分隔，这样给解题造成一定的难度。reason后的同位语从句用that引导。本题答案B。
61．B。本题考查宾语从句的连接词。根据上下文的意思，后半部分说的是“我可以及时去给他送行”，说明要求提示的是“时间”。本题答案为B。
62．B。本题考查同位语从句。其中先行词和从句部分被插入语所分隔。从句具体说明了先行名词的内容。本题答案为B。