1. Festivals are meant to celebrate important times of year.
节日就是庆祝一年中重要的日子。
★此处动词mean意为“要”“打算”“注定”，可用作被动语态，接不定式作主语补足语，也可接不定式作宾语补足语。如:
He believes he is meant to be a great man.
他相信他是该成为伟人的。
I mean you to do the exercise by yourself.
我是要你独立完成作业。
We never meant you to spend your time like that.
我们从来没打算让你把时间那样花掉。
【注】be meant for意为“打算……”“预定给予（某人）”。如:
Whom is this gift meant for?
这礼物是送给谁的?
This collection of short stories is meant for beginners in English.
这个短篇小说集是为英语初学者编的。
★mean的原意是“作……解释”“意思是”“指……”，后接名词、代词或名词性从句。如:
This sentence may mean three different things.
这句话可以有三种不同的含义。
What does this phrase mean?
这个词组是什么意思?
The sign means that cars cannot enter.
这个交通标志的意思是汽车不能入内。
★mean后接动词的-ing形式或that从句，表示“意味 着”“很可能有……的后果”。如:
Missing the train means waiting for an hour.
错过这趟火车意味着要等一个小时。
But that'll mean flooding some of our land.
但那样就会淹没我们的一些土地。
That expression means that he is angry.
那表情意味着他生气了。
★mean后接动词不定式，意为“打算”“有……的意图”。如:
I meant to give you this book this morning，but I forgot it.
我本想今天早晨把这本书给你的，但我忘记了。
I'm sorry if my words hurt you. I didn't mean to.
如果我的话伤了你，请你原谅，我不是有意的。
2. Discuss when they take place，what they celebrate and what people do at that time.
讨论它们（中国节日）是什么时间举行，庆祝的是什么事件，人们在那天做什么事。
take place意为“举行”“发生”，没有被动语态。如:
The wedding will take place next week.
婚礼下周举行。
Great changes have taken place in Beijing.
北京发生了巨大的变化。
Elections take place every four years and Congress meets once a year.
每隔四年进行一次选举，国会一年开一次会。
【注】happen，occur也有“发生”之意，但通常是指偶然发 生，而take place常指按计划或安排“发生”，丝毫不带有偶然 的意味;occur既可指事物偶然发生，也可指按预定计划进行。happen为一般用语，occur是正式用语。如:
The thing happened in an out-of-the-way village in Henan.
这件事发生在河南一个偏僻的乡村。
I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
整件事情我都记得，就仿佛是发生在昨天似的。
Don't let the mistake occur again.
不要再出这样的错了。
If anything should occur，please let me know as quickly as you can.
如果发生什么事，请尽快告诉我。
【注】happen后接不定式时，表示“碰巧”。如:
We happened to be in Beijing at that time.
我们那时碰巧在北京。
Do you happen to know his telephone number?
你知不知道他的电话号码?
【注】occur to sb.，“occur to sb.+that从句”表示“某人想起/想到”。如:
A good idea occurred to him.
他想到了一个好主意。
It didn't occur to him that his wife was having an affair.
他没有想到自己的妻子有婚外情。
【注】与take place容易混淆的有:take the place of（代 替），take one's place（接替，就座），take the first place（得第一名）。如:
Plastics has taken the place of many materials.
塑料已经取代了许多材料。
Who can take his place?谁能代替他?
She took the first place in the contest.
她在比赛中得了第一名。
3.Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather，planting in spring and harvest in autumn.
大部分古老的节日总是庆祝严寒的结束，春季的种植和 秋天的收割。
★would此处并不表示过去将来时，而是表示过去的习惯性动作。如:
He would sit there for hours sometimes doing nothing at all.
有时他在那里一坐几个钟头，什么也不做。
She would never let anybody know what she was doing.
她总是不让人知道她在做什么。
The old retired worker would often go to the park to play chess.
这位退休老工人常常到公园去下棋。
【注】请注意would与used to的区别，would与used to 都可用来表示过去的习惯，所不同的是:would只能用来表示重复的动作，不能接连系动词表示状态;而used to既可表 示动作，也可表示状态。例如我们只能说He used to be a university student，不能说He would be a university student。 又如:
When we were children，we would/used to go swimming every summer.
我们小时候每年夏天都去游泳。
I used to have a motorcycle.
我过去有一辆摩托车。（不能用would）
【注】would在描述过去某一习惯动作时往往带有一定的感情色彩，可以表示说话人的某种心理，往往有“自愿的” “有意的”的含义;而used to只是客观的叙述。如:
She used to ask me about my studies.
她以前常常问我的学习情况。（在这里used to只说出 了一个客观事实，不带任何感情色彩）
She would ask me about my studies.
她以前老是问我的学习情况。（would含有“关心我” “使我讨厌”等意思）
He used to catch cold when he was a boy.
他小时候经常感冒。（客观叙述，不带感情色彩）
【注】由于used to表示现在已经不再如此了，因此句中 可以不需要时间状语;而would只谈过去，与现在无关，因此 句中常有时间状语（如always，every day，often，sometimes 等）或表示时间的上下文。如:
My father used to tell stories.
我爸爸过去常讲故事。
When he was abroad，he would always live with local families.
他在国外时，总是住在当地居民家里。
【注】would可以表示过去有时或偶尔发生的动作，因此可以和at times，sometimes，now and then，from time to time 等时间状语连用;而used to只表示有规律的习惯性动作，因此不能和这一类时间状语连用。如:
From time to time a large rock would roll down into the valley.
不时有大石头滚到山谷里去。
4.Some festivals are held to honour the dead，or to satisfy the ancestors，who might return either to help or to do harm.
有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或者使祖先满意，因为（祖先们）有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。
★honour此处作动词，意为“纪念”“向……表示敬意”“礼遇”。如:
Children should honour their father and mother.
儿女应当尊敬父母。
They gave a state banquet to honour his visit to China.
他们举行国宴欢迎他来华访问。
The people honoured him by making him their president.
人们尊敬他推举他当主席。
★honour还可作“使……增光”解，用于礼貌地邀请某人做某事。如:
We would be honoured if you would visit us.
承蒙光临，我们将感到十分荣幸。
He was honoured to be invited to speak at the meeting.
他有幸被邀请在会上发言。
【注】honour也可作名词，常用在do honour to sb.或do sb.honour结构中，意为“使某人增光”“向……表示敬意”。如:
Her behavior in such a difficult situation does her honour.
她在困境中的表现给自己增了光。
They dressed their ships with flags to do honour to the leader.
他们用旗帜把船只装饰起来是为了向领导表示敬意。
★satisfy此处是及物动词，意为“使满意”“满足”。如:
The proposed plan will not satisfy everyone.
拟议中的计划不会让所有人都满意。
I don't like the story; it doesn't satisfy me.
我不喜欢这故事，它不合我的胃口。
【注】表示“某人对……满意”，常用be satisfied with结 构。如:
The boss isn't satisfied with your work; you must improve it.
老板不满意你的工作，你必须改进。
Both parties were highly satisfied with the results of the talks.
双方对会谈结果都非常满意。
★either...or...是一个连词结构，表示选择关系，意为“或者……或者……”“不是……就是……”，可连接两个并列的主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语或并列的分句。当连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词的数和最近的主语一致。如:
Either Tom or his brothers have to clean the kitchen.
或是汤姆或是他的兄弟们得去打扫厨房。（连接并列主语）
You can either come with me now or walk home.
你要么现在和我一道去，要么自己走回家。（连接并列谓语）
The books were either books on travel or detective stories.
这些书不是游记就是侦探故事。（连接并列表语）
She will be back either today or tomorrow.
她不是今天就是明天回来。（连接并列状语）
You can take either the blue or the green one.
你可以拿蓝色的或是绿色的那个。（连接并列定语）
You'll be interviewed by either Mr Nelson or Miss Green.
你将由纳尔逊先生或格林女士接见。（连接并列的介词宾语）
Either you leave this house or I call the police.
要么你离开这屋子，要么我去叫警察。（连接两个并列分句）
★do harm意为“带来/造成损害/危害”。如:
The drought did a lot of harm to the crops.
干旱对农作物造成巨大的损害。
Modern farming methods have done a lot of harm to the countryside.
现代农业耕作方式对农村造成了相当大的危害。
5. They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth.
他们还点起灯笼，奏响乐曲，因为他们认为这样做可以把祖先引回到世上。
★light此处为动词，意为“点燃”“点着”，其过去式和过去分词可以是lit和lit，也可以是lighted和lighted。如:
When it was dark they lit the candles.
天黑时他们点燃了蜡烛。
Jones lit a second cigarette as soon as he had finished the first.
琼斯刚抽完第一支烟就点燃了第二支。
The match lights easily.
这火柴容易划着。
★light可作“照亮”解释。如:
The room is lighted by six windows.
六扇窗户为这房间提供了亮光。
The house was lit up as though a big celebration was going on.
屋里灯火通明，仿佛在举行盛大的庆祝活动。
★light还有“用灯光指引”之意。如:
We will light you down the path.
我们给你照着亮走这条路。
Here is a candle to light you to bed.
用这支蜡烛给你照亮上床睡觉去。
★lead...to...意为“领往”“通向（往）”。如:
The door leads to the yard.
这门通往院子。
He led us to a room upstairs.
他领我们到楼上的一个房间。
★lead可引申为“导致”之意，可后接介词to或into，也可接不定式作宾语补足语。如:
What led him to run away?
什么事促使他跑掉的?
That led me to think that the boy was ill.
那使我想到孩子是病了。
What led you to this conclusion?
是什么使你得出这个结论的?
6. On this important feast day，people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them.
在这个重要的节庆日子里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物，和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。
★in the shape of意为“以……形状”。如:
The garden is in the shape of a square.
这座花园是正方形的。
She made the cake in the shape of a heart.
她把蛋糕做成心形。
【注】请注意区别in the shape of和in shape，后者意为 “在外形上”“处于良好状态”“处于有准备状态”。如:
The hat of yours doesn't seem to be in shape.
你这顶帽子看上去变形了。
We take exercise to keep in shape.
我们锻炼来保持健康。
7.They offer food，flowers and gifts to the dead.
他们向亡者祭献食物、鲜花和礼品。
★offer意为“提供”“提出”，通常用offer sb.sth.或offer sth.to sb.的结构。如:
Why didn't you take the seat he offered you?
你为什么不坐他让给你的位子?
He warmly offered me a ride.
他热情地要我搭他的车。
★offer后常跟不定式，表示愿意做某事。如:
He offered to supply me with my school expenses.
他表示愿意为我提供学费。
Having been there many times，he offered to be our guide.
他因多次去过那里，主动提出做我们的向导。
★offer有时可表示“出售”“出价”。如:
I offered him a high price for his horse.
我出高价买他的马。
They offered their boat for sale for 2，000 dollars.
他们把船拿来出售，索价二千美元。
8.It is now a children's festival，when they can dress up and go to their neighbours' homes to ask for sweets.
现在是孩子们的节日，在这时他们乔装打扮去邻居家要糖果。
★dress up此处意为“装扮”“化装”“打扮”。如:
They all dressed up as PLA men.
他们都打扮成解放军的模样。
She dressed up in Elizabethan costumes for the fancy dress ball.
她穿上伊丽莎白时代的服装去参加化装舞会。
Don't bother to dress up-come as you are.
你不要穿着太讲究，就像平时一样来吧。
★dress sb.up意为“给……化装”“打扮……”。如:
Girls like dressing themselves up.
女孩子喜欢打扮自己。
The children dressed themselves up as policemen and thieves.
孩子们把自己打扮成警察和小偷。
★dress up sth.意为“对……加以掩饰”“美化”。如:
It's no use trying to dress up the facts.
试图掩盖事实是没有用的。
9.If the neighbours do not give any sweets，the children might play a trick on them.
如果邻居们什么糖果也不给，那么孩子们就可能捉弄他们。
★play a trick意为“捉弄”“开玩笑”，也可以说play a joke。 若要表示“捉弄某人”或“与某人开玩笑”，则用play a trick/ joke on sb.或play sb.a trick。如:
They played a trick on me.
他们跟我开了个玩笑。
Those boys like playing tricks on their teacher.
那些男孩喜欢开老师的玩笑。
They are playing harmless tricks on one another.
他们正彼此无伤害地取闹。
10.India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi，the leader who helped gain India's independence from Britain.
印度在10月2日有一个全国性节日，纪念莫汉达斯 甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。
★gain作动词，意为“获得”“赢得”“博得”，是指经过相当的努力而获得财产、名誉、权力、知识、进步、领土等，含有取得成就的意味。如:
Nothing can be gained without an effort.
不经过努力，什么也得不到。
To gain a complete mastery of English，one must study very hard.
要想精通英语就必须刻苦学习。
He gained his livelihood by teaching English.
他靠教英语为生。
【注】get，win也有“获得”“得到”“赢得”之意，get是一般用语，指“得到”;win指偶然获得或在比赛中取胜，还指通 过努力而获得他人的爱、尊敬等。如:
He got many gifts on his birthday.
在生日那天，他得到许多礼物。
Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921.
爱因斯坦在1921年获得诺贝尔物理学奖。
11. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.
越冬的粮食收集起来了，而且农活结束了，（因此）人们都心怀感激。
★gather此处为及物动词，意为“收获”“收集”“采 摘”。如:
As soon as the wheat was gathered in，a storm broke out!
麦子刚收好就下了一场暴雨!
This year we gathered a rich harvest of grain.
今年我们粮食丰收了。
Some of the children gathered up the empty shells to play with.
有几个孩子把空弹壳收集起来玩耍。
★gather可作“聚集”“聚拢”解释。如:
When the accident happened quite a crowd quickly gathered round.
事故发生后，很快就在周围聚拢了相当多的人。
Joe gathered the boys and girls of the neighbourhood for a picnic.
乔把街坊四邻的男孩和女孩们集合起来去野餐。
Dark clouds were gathering in the skies over Europe. War was soon to break out.
这时欧洲上空乌云密布，战争即将爆发。
★gather还有“积累”“逐渐获得”之意。如:
She has gathered her medical experience from practice.
她从实践中积累了医疗经验。
As we came onto the highway，the car gathered speed.
我们驶上公路，汽车逐渐加速。
★gather亦可作“推断”“了解”解释。如:
From what John said I gather he'll be giving up his job in the summer.
从约翰所说的话，我推想他要在夏天放弃工作。
From his manner of dress，I gathered that he was a rich man.
从他的穿着样式，我推想他是个富有的人。
12. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.
最富有生气而又最重要的节日就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。
★look forward to意为“盼望”“期待”，此处to为介词，后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。如: I've been looking forward to coming to Beijing for a long time.
好久以来我一直盼望到北京来。
They looked forward very much to meeting him again.
他们很希望再次见到他。
Everybody was looking forward to this festival.
大家都盼望着这个节日。
13. These carnivals might include parades，dancing in the streets day and night，loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds.
狂欢节期间，人们身着各种艳丽的节日盛装，伴随着鼓 噪的音乐，在街头游行，昼夜跳舞。
★loud此处是形容词，意为“响亮的”“大声的”“嘈杂的”。如:
The music is too loud. 这音乐太嘈杂了。
Can you make the radio louder，please?
你能把收音机开得更响一点吗?
【注】loud也可以作副词。这时，应注意与aloud和 loudly相区别，它们表示的含义有所不同，loud作副词时，意为“大声地”“响亮地”。如:
If you've got something to say，say it out loud.
如果你有什么话要说，大声地说出来。
Actions speak louder than words.
事实胜于雄辩。
★aloud意为“出声”，表示真的把话说出来，而不是在脑子里默默地想，通常与动词read，think等连用。如:
Can you read the text aloud?
你能朗读课文吗?
“What did you say?”“Oh，nothing，I was just thinking aloud.”
“你说什么?”“噢，没说什么，我只是在自言自语。”
【注】aloud也可以作“大声地”解释。如:
She called aloud for help.
她大声呼救。
The pain made him cry aloud.
疼痛使他大声叫喊起来。
★loudly意为“大声地”，含有嘈杂、喧闹的意味，有时可与loud替换。如:
Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly.
突然，墙上铃声大作。
Don't talk so loudly.
不要大声喧哗。
★clothing是衣服、服装的总称，是集体名词，无复数形式;表示“一套/种衣服”，可以说a suit of clothing，an article of clothing或a piece of clothing。因为clothing是总称，所以我们平常说的“衣、食、住”就是clothing，food and shelter。请看下面的例句，以加深对clothing词义和用法的理解。如:
This shop sells men's clothing.
这家商店卖男装。
The orphans are well provided with food and clothing.
孤儿的衣食供应很充足。
★clothes统指身上的各种服装，包括上衣、裤子、内衣 等，不能用作单数形式，也不能和数词连用，不能说a clothes，five clothes，但可以说many/these/a few/my clothes 等，作主语时视为复数形式。如:
Most of her clothes were made by herself.
她的大部分衣服是她自己做的。
He had to buy a good many clothes.
他得买很多衣服。
★cloth是指做衣服等用的材料，如布料、毛料、丝绸等， cloth在一般情况下是物质名词，不可数，一块布料是a piece of cloth，不能说a cloth。如:
How much cloth does it take to make a blouse for her?
给她做一件衬衫要多少布料?
This piece of cloth is long enough for you to make a shirt.
这块布料够你做一件衬衫。
【注】cloth可以和某些词构成复合名词，表示作为特殊 用途的一块布时，是可数名词，如a table cloth（桌布），a dish cloth（擦碗布），这时可简称为cloth。如:
Clean up the table with a cloth.
用布把桌子擦干净。
The waiter dried the glass with a dirty cloth.
那个侍者用一块脏布把玻璃杯擦干。
14. The country，covered with cherry tree flowers，looks as though it is covered with pink snow. （节日里）整个国度到处是盛开的樱花，看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。
★be covered with意为“被……所覆盖”“到处都是……”。 如:
The mountain was covered with snow all the year round.
这座山终年都被白雪覆盖着。
The island is covered with nests，big and small.
整个岛上都是大大小小的鸟窝。
When he returned his body was covered with bruises.
他回来时浑身都是伤痕。
★as though意为“好像”，引导方式状语从句，也可以说 as if。如:
You look as though you know each other.
你们看起来像互相认识。
It looked as though it might rain.
看来像要下雨。
He acted as if nothing had happened.
他的举止就像什么事也没发生一样。
15. But she didn't turn up.
可（现在）她却不见人影。
★turn up此处意为“露面”“来到”。如:
I was expecting him at ten，but he didn't turn up.
我指望他10点来，但他没来。
Guess who turned up at Peter's wedding.
猜一猜谁在彼得的婚礼上露面了。
★turn up有“（东西偶然地）被找到”“（事情）发生”“出 现”之意，作此含义解时没有被动语态。如:
Don't worry，that lost paper will turn up somewhere.
不用发愁，那份丢失的文件会在什么地方出现的。
It's no good waiting for something to turn up; you have to take action.
等待出现转机是不行的，你得采取行动。
★turn up可作“开大（收音机/电视机等）音量”“增大 （煤气/灯火等）”解释。如:
Turn up the radio so that I can hear it better.
把收音机开大点，让我听得清楚一些。
She drew the curtain close and turned up the lamp.
她将窗帘拉上，把灯拨亮了一些。
【注】作此解释时，若表示相反意思，用turn down。如:
The radio is pretty loud. Can you turn it down a little?
收音机声音太大，你能开小一点吗?
Please turn down the gas under the kettle.
请把烧开水的煤气开小一点。
★turn up还有“（财政/商业）好转”“上升”“增加”之 意。如:
The pound seems to be turning up at last.
英镑似乎终于出现上升的趋势。
Investment is turning up sharply.
投资正在急剧增加。
★turn up的原意是“卷起”“折起”“翻耕”。如:
Turn up your trousers legs and they won't get wet.
把裤腿卷起来就不会弄湿了。
This new tractor turns up the soil very thoroughly，doesn't it?
这台新拖拉机翻地很彻底，是吧?
16. She said she would be there at seven o'clock，and he thought she would keep her word.
她说她会在7点到达，他（李方）认为她会守信用的。
★keep one's word意为“遵守诺言”。如:
Jane kept her word and returned all the money.
简信守诺言把钱都还了。
Don't believe him，for he never keeps his word.
别信他，因为他从不信守诺言。
【注】与keep one's word同义的有be as good as one's word，be true to one's word。如:
We knew she was always as good as her word，so we trusted her.
我们知道她总是信守诺言，因此我们信任她。
How do I know that he will be true to his word?
我怎样才能知道他会信守诺言呢?
【注】keep one's word的反义词是break one's word。
17. He would drown his sadness in coffee.
他要用咖啡来解愁。
★drown one's sadness/sorrow（s）（in...）表示“（借酒）浇愁”“使忘掉烦恼”等。如:
He was drowning his sorrows in a bottle of whiskey.
他借一瓶威士忌来解愁。
He tried to drown his sorrow/sadness in excitement.
他故作激动以消除悲伤。
★drown还可表示“（噪音等）把（声音）压倒”“盖住”。如:
The conversation was drowned by the arrival of the taxi.
谈话的声音被出租车的到达掩盖了。
His loud voice drowned what the girl was trying to tell us.
他的高嗓门掩盖了这个女孩要告诉我们的话。
★drown的原意是“淹死”“使淹死”。如:
The woman drowned while swimming in the sea.
这名妇女在海里游泳时淹死了。
The ship sank within minutes，drowning all the passengers on board.
没有几分钟船就沉没了，全体乘客遇难。
18.While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.
她在人间遇到了牛郎，两人相爱了。
★fall in love意为“爱上”“喜欢上”，后接介词with。如:
I've fallen in love with this beautiful place.
我已经爱上了这个风景优美的地方。
After working together for many years，they fell in love with each other.
他们在一起工作多年，（最后）相爱了。
She fell in love with the house as soon as she saw it.
她一见到这所房子，就喜欢上它了。
★be in love with也是“爱上”“相爱”之意，但侧重表示状态，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用，而fall in love with 则不可以。如:
They have been in love with each other for years.
他们相爱已经几年了。
He has never been in love with anyone before.
他以前从来没爱上过谁。
【注】fall/be in love后常接介词with，但marry后都要 接介词to，不能混淆。如:
She is determined to marry all her daughters to rich men.
她决心把她所有的女儿都嫁给有钱人。
19. Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.
阴历七月初七，喜鹊们会展翅搭桥，让这对恋人过河相会。
★make...of...意为“用……制成……”，多用于被动语 态，of后主要跟表示材料的名词，如wood，stone，brick，cot- ton，iron，steel等。如:
The desks and chairs are made of wood.
课桌和椅子是用木头制成的。
The villagers made a bridge of stone and bricks.
村民们用砖石造了一座桥。
【注】如果从制成物已看不出原材料或者说制成物已改变了原材料的本质，则用make...from...。如:
The wine is made from grapes.
酒是用葡萄酿造的。
Bread is made from wheat.
面包是由小麦加工做成的。
【注】口语中，也常常用make out of，与make of或make from意思相类似。如:
At present，many things are made out of plastics.
现在许多东西都是用塑料制成的。
It is much easier to learn the words of a language than to make sentences out of them.
学会一种语言的词汇并不难，难的是用这些词汇去造 句。
【注】如果要表示用某种原材料去制成某种产品，则用 make...into...。如:
Glass is made into bottles.
玻璃制成瓶子。
We can make bamboo into desks，chairs，cups，curtains and so on.
我们可以把竹子制成桌子、椅子、杯子、窗帘等等。
20. As Li Fang set off for home，he thought，“I guess Hu Jin doesn't love me.”
李方动身往家走，心里想:“我想胡瑾是不爱我了。”
★set off此处意为“动身”“启程”，若表示去某地，set off 后接介词for。如:
She usually set off for her factory at 6:30.
她通常六点半（从家里）动身到工厂去。
The villagers set off in search of the lost child.
村民们出发寻找失踪的小孩。
Mr Carter set off for London at 11 o'clock.
卡特先生11点钟动身去伦敦了。
★set off有多种含义，可以作“引起”“造成”解释。如:
Don't set her off crying again，whatever you do.
不管你干什么，千万别再惹她哭了。
If you set your grandfather off on his favourite subject，he'll talk for hours.
如果引起你祖父谈起他喜爱的话题，他会说几个小时。
★set off可作“装饰”“衬托出”解释。如:
Blue suits you and sets off the colour of your hair.
蓝色适合你，使你的头发显得更漂亮了。
They set off the room with coloured tapes and flags.
他们用彩带和旗帜把房间装饰起来。
★set off还有“点燃”“使爆炸”之意。如:
The children gathered in the garden to set the fireworks off.
孩子们聚在花园里放烟火。
The first atom bomb was set off over Hiroshima.
第一颗原子弹是在广岛上空爆炸的。
【注】本课句中的set off意为“动身”“启程”，set out也有此意。如:
In July 1768，the Endeavour set out for the Pacific.
在1768年七月，“奋进号”向太平洋进发。
Half an hour later，I set out again on my journey.
半小时以后我再次启程赶路了。
★set out有“列举”“评述”之意，而set off则无此意。如:
He set out his reasons for what he had done.
他列举了他这样做的理由。
He set out his ideas in simple English.
他用简单的英文表达了他的想法。
★set out还有“开始……”“着手……”之意，强调目的明 确地开始一个长期的或困难的行动过程，而set off无此 意。如:
That winter they set out to write a history of Chinese literature.
那年冬天他们着手写一部中国文学史。
She is just setting out on a career in journalism.
她刚开始在新闻界工作。
21.I don't want them to remind me of her.
我可不想因它们想起她来。
★remind sb.of sb./sth.意为“使某人想起/某人/ 事”。如:
This photograph reminds me of the happy days we had on the seaside last year.
这张照片使我想起我们去年在海滨度过的愉快时光。
This reminded them of the days when they were in the army.
这使他们想起他们在部队的日子。
It reminded me of my mother.
它使我想起了我妈妈。
★remind...of...还可作“提醒”解释，作此解释时，可用介词about替换of，remind还可跟不定式作宾语补足 语。如:
The note was to remind him about something he had to explain to one of his students.
这个便条提醒他必须向他的一个学生解释些什么。
Thank you for reminding me of the meeting I had to attend.
谢谢你提醒我去开那个必须参加的会。
I always remind myself not to be late for meetings.
我总是提醒自己开会不要迟到。
★remind后也可跟宾语从句。如:
I remind you that time will soon be up.
我提醒你，时间快到了。
The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.
一看到那钟，我就知道我迟到了。
22. So he did.于是他把花和巧克力都扔了。
★这是一个重复或肯定前面提到的动作的结构，在本课中，相当于so he threw these flowers and chocolates away。 请看下面的例句，体会“so+主语+...”结构的含义。如:
You asked me to leave，and so I did.
你要求我离开，我这样做了。
“It's raining hard.”“So it is.”
“下大雨了。”“果然下大雨了。”
【注】请注意另外一个结构，即“so+...+主语”，这是一个倒装结构。与“so+主语+...”结构不同的是，这个倒装 结构中的主语与前面的句子主语不是同一个人或事物，它表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人/物，意为“……也这 样”;而“so+主语+...”这个结构中的主语与前面的句子主 语是指同一个人或事物，完全是附和前句的，内容没有什么 改变。请仔细阅读下面的例句，注意辨别这两种结构的不同 意义。如:
You asked him to leave，and so did I.
你要他离开，我也要他离开。
Louise can dance beautifully，and so can her sister.
路易丝舞跳得好，她妹妹跳得也好。
“I've lost the address.”“So have I.”
“我把地址弄丢了。”“我也丢了。”
【注】so的上述用法只能用在肯定句中，若前面的是一个否定句，则不能用so开头，而要用neither或nor开头，其结构仍是倒装句。如:
“I won't have any more.”“Nor will I.”
“我再也不要了。”“我也不要了。”
“Jack didn't like the play.”“Nor did we.”
“杰克不喜欢这出戏。”“我们也不喜欢。”
“He hasn't handed in his composition.”“Neither have I.”
“他的作文还没有交上去。”“我的也没有交。”
【注】另外还有一个结构需要请大家注意，即so it is with...，意为“对某人/某事（物）来说也是如此”，这不是倒装结构，前面无论是肯定句或否定句都可以用，特别是前面 的句子中既有动词的肯定式又有动词的否定式，或前面句中 的两个动词不属于同一类别，如一个动词是行为动词，另一个动词是连系动词时。如:
John likes Chinese but he is not good at it. So it is with Mary.
约翰喜欢中文，但并不擅长，玛丽也是如此。（不能用So was Mary）