1. Hu Jie attended a seminar about how development affects where people live and why they move. （P22）胡洁参加了一个关于发展是如何影响人们居住和为什么人们搬迁的研讨会。
1). affect
affect (INFLUENCE)
verb [T]
to have an influence on someone or something, or to cause them to change: 影响；
Both buildings were badly affected by the fire.
It's a disease which affects mainly older people.
I was deeply affected by the film (= It caused strong feelings in me).
effect n.
the result of a particular influence: 影响、效果
I tried taking tablets for the headache but they didn't have any effect.
I think I'm suffering from the effects of too little sleep.
take effect
to produce or achieve the results you want: 开始生效、起作用
They had to wait ten minutes for the anaesthetic to take effect before they stitched up the cut.
effective adjective
successful or achieving the results that you want: 有效的、有影响的
It's an extremely effective cure for a headache.
She's a very effective teacher
相关高考试题：
(1999 上海)
1. The new law will come into _________ on the day it is passed.
A. effect B. use C. service D, existence
答案及解析：1. A 开始生效
2. She realized that there are reasons for moving within a country other than those mentioned in the magazine article. （P22）她认为除了书中提到的一些原因以外，还有其他的一些搬迁原因。
1). other than 除了；
Other than, except, apart from, besides, but 辨析：
1. except和besides都可解作“除……之外” 但含义不同。
except 表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除去一部分”，表示递减的概念，含义是否定的。
besides表示“除了……之外，还有……”，指“在整体中加入一部分”，表示递加的概念，含义是肯定的。
试比较：
①We all went except him. 除他之外，我们都去了。(他没有去)
②We all went besides him. 除他之外，我们大家也都去了。(他也去了)
(1)besides常与other／more／else等词连用 ，except常与all／every／everyone／none／nobody／everything／nothing等总括词连用。
eg. He had other people to take care of besidesme.
All the students in Class One went to the cinema except Li Ping.
(2)若句中没有实义动词do的某种形式，except后接动词不定式，而besides后接动词的-ing形式。
eg.I had no choice except to obey／besides obeying his order.
(3)若句中有实义动词do的某种形式，二者后面都可以接动词原形。
eg.She has nothing to do except／besides go with him.
(4)二者后面都可以接从句。
eg. ①Besides that he explained the theory he gave us some examples.
②He is a good student except that he sometimes comes late to school.
(5)except后面可接for(构成短语except for)或其他介词短语，而besides不能。
except for主要有三层含义：
①表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定，起部分修正主要意思的作用。
eg.Your composition is quite excellent except for several spelling mistakes.
②表示非同类事物进行比较。
eg. The street is empty except for several cars.
③置于句首，表达except的含义。
eg. Except for this, everything is in order.
except for后接名(代)词，可以转移为except＋从句或其他介词短语。
eg.The climate here is good except for some rainy days.(except when it rains；except that it sometimes rains；except on the rainy days)
注意：二者用于否定句时含义相同，意思是一样的。
eg. He did nothing besides (＝except) this.
除这件事外，他什么事也没做。
2. apart from兼有besides和except for两种含义，后接名词、代词或动名词。
3. but含义与except相同，都表示递减的概念，二者在多数情况下可以互换，但用法稍有区别。
①except可以代替but，但but并不一定都可以代替except，如果句中有no、all、nobody、who、where等不定代词或疑问词时，多用but；后跟宾语从句时，多用except。
②but for含义有时与except for相同，但主要表示“要不是……”，常用于虚拟句，表示一种假设。
③but位置的变化会引起人称代词主、宾格的变化。
No one but I (＝except me) knows it.
No one knows it but me (＝except me).
4. other than含义与except／but相同，都表示从总体中除去一部分，后接名词、代词或不定式。
eg. In that case there is nothing you can do other than wait. (2001年上海春季高考题)
3. Therefore, these places gradually come to have more and more similarities with the industrialized, urban areas. (P22)因此，这些地方逐渐和那些工业化的市区有了相似处。
1.) come to: 逐渐，慢慢的
come常用短语及用法
come across
to find (something or someone) by chance 偶然遇见，发现
He came across some old love letters
come up with
to suggest or think of (an idea or plan) 提出
Reublinger came up with a great idea for the ad campaign.
come at
to move quickly toward (someone) to attack them 袭击
He came at me with a knife.
come by
to obtain (something) 获得，得到
A good boss is not so easy to come by.
I'd like to know how she came by that black eye.
come off (SUCCEED)
to happen as planned or to succeed 取得成功
I thought the party came off really well.
come on (HURRY)
to move or act quickly or more quickly 表示一种催促，鼓励
Come on -- we're going to be late if you don't hurry!
You can also say come on to express annoyance or lack of belief: Oh, come on! You don't expect me to give up my bed for him?
come to (BECOME CONSCIOUS)
to become conscious again after an accident or medical operation 苏醒过来
She sat by the child's bedside until he came to.
to reach (a particular point) 达到，提到
His hair comes down to his shoulders.
We haven't come to a decision on the matter yet.
If you come to terms with something, you learn to understand and accept it: 接受
He's trying to come to terms with his wife's death.
If something comes to light, it becomes known: 明了，变清晰
Fresh evidence has recently come to light.
If something comes to rest, it stops: 停止
The car hit the curb and came to rest in a ditch.
come true
If something you desire comes true, it happens: 实现
I'd always dreamed of owning my own home and now my dream has come true
How come 口语：怎么会的
How come you got invited and I didn't (= Why did that happen)?
相关高考试题：
1.（2006天津）
Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isn’t much help when it _____ shopping and eating.
A. refers to B. speaks of C. focuses on D. comes to
2.（2006湖南）
It's already 10 o'clock I wonder how it _______ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
A. came over B. came out C: came about D. came up
3. (2005福建)
The dictionary is being printed and it will soon _______.
A. turn out B. come out C. start out D. go out
4. (2005江西)
Please tell me how the accident ________. I am still in the dark.
A. came by B. came upon C. came to D. came about
5. (2007 湖北)
If we can our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.
A. come across B. get over C. come over D. get off
6.（2007 江苏）
-Have you ______ some new ideas?
-Yeah. I’ll tell you later.
A. come about B. come into C. come up with D. come out with
答案及解析：
1. D 当谈到……
2. C 发生
3. B 出版、发行
4. D 发生
5. B
6. C 提出、想出