Unit 2 What is happiness to you?
Part One Teaching Design
第一部分 教学设计
Aims and requirements
Read an interview and two essays about happiness
Listen to friend talk about problems and solutions
Talk about the gymnast Sang Lan
Write an article for a website offering advice
Procedures
● Welcome to the Unit
Step 1: Brainstorming
A flash appreciation
Boys and girls, good morning (good afternoon). Are you in a good mood today? Let’s enjoy a flash together. What kind of sports can you see in the picture? How do you find the flash?
(In the flash, we can see people of different ages take weightlifting exercise and some funny or interesting mistakes or accidents happen during the course of exercise. They make us burst into laughter)
Picture-talking
What are people doing in each picture? How do they feel? (excited, happy, thrilled) What is the definition of happiness? What are the things that make one happy?
Different people have different understanding of happiness. To some people, it means an easy life, a good job, money; to some, it may be helping others, contributions to one’s country......
How do you understand happiness? What are your hobbies? And what do you do when you feel unhappy?
Step 2: Sharing information
Open your books to Page 17. Let’s share information about each picture on this page with each other.
1. Study the six pictures
Picture 1 Being creative
Do you like drawing? When and how did you begin to develop this interest?
What does this hobby bring to you? (Whenever I feel upset and want to escape from everything, I like to go into my bedroom and take up my paints and brushes. It's so wonderful--all my thoughts and ideas can be expressed in my pictures.)
What other things mean 'being creative' to you? (Thinking of different solutions to solve problems, expressing myself in my own ways and making new things.)
Picture 2 Doing exciting things
What are exciting things to you? (like white-water surfing or bungee jumping.) Why do people like exciting things? They bring lots of fun and help people forget all the troubles and worries.
Picture 3 Reading
Do you like reading? Does reading make one happy? Why? It is really enjoyable when reading especially in a peaceful and quiet environment. Sometimes we are so absorbed by the characters in the book and their stories that we forget all about the outside world. Through reading, we gain knowledge and our horizons are broadened.
Picture 4 Playing sport
Which are your favorable sports? It's a really good way to make friends, keep fit and relax.
Picture 5 Spending time with family
Do you enjoy spending time with your family? When you feel happy or unhappy, do you talk to them about your problems and achievements? Family is important to everyone. It's a perfect time to talk to your family about your problems. They can give you good advice and make you confident. They are also happy for the achievements you made.
Picture 6 Learning new things
Have you ever been to a natural history museum? Why do people like museum? In a museum, we can find out more information than we can just through reading books. Visiting these kinds of places can give us a real insight into history.
What other ways do you think may help you learn more new things? (Surfing the Internet and talking to different people.)
2. Talk about each picture and exchange opinions with your partner.
Which things do you often do and like to do? Why do you feel happy when doing these?
Step 3: Discussion
Work in groups of 4 to discuss the three questions and then report the answers to the whole class.
1. What are things that make everyone happy?
There are some things in life that make us feel happy. For example, as a small child, something as simple as getting some sweets is enough to make him or her into a happy child. As a student, passing an exam can make him or her feel on top of the world. For an adult, getting a great new job or traveling to different parts of the world are some of the happiest times.
2. What are the things which make you happy?
Eating a hearty meal, getting some new clothes, having enough money for something I really want, reading a great book, watching a really good film, making a new friend or making up with my friends after an argument.
3. If you had a friend who was unhappy, how would you try to help him or her?
In this case, I will try to be a good listener and understand what has made him or her so upset. Offer some advice if necessary. Invite him to go outside for a walk or go shopping together to cheer him up
Step 4: Homework
Read the two articles on P112-113.
Prepare the reading part.
●Reading The search for happiness
Step 1: Lead-in
Let’s enjoy a video. It can make us feel very happy and in good mood. And we can see most ordinary healthy people around us live a happy, meaningful and colourful life. We work and live with smiles every day. But how do you know disabled people stay happy in their life? Today we are going to talk about a special girl named Sang Lan, who used to be a successful gymnast. What do you know about this girl?
1. Different people find happiness and fun in different things. There are certainly no criteria assessing which way of being happy is the best. Do you think Sang Lan had had a happy life before she was injured?
Do you think Sang Lan has a happy life now?
What would you do if you had the same problem?
2. Suppose you had a chance to talk face to face with Sang Lan, what would you like most to ask her about?
The following are suggested answers:
--- childhood and school education
--- things or experiences that had left her the deepest impression before the accident
--- reasons for learning gymnastics
--- things that encourage her during hard times
--- current physical condition
--- expectations for future
--- future career plans
--- attitudes towards life, success and failure
Step 2: Fast reading for general ideas
The reading text is an interview from a TV programme about happiness. Dr Brain, a psychologist who studies happiness, is interviewed in a television talk show and tells a story about a brave girl called Sang Lan.
Go through the passage quickly to find answers to the three questions in Part A.
Answers
1. Happiness
2. Dr Brain.
3. In Ningbo, China in 1981.
Step 3: Careful-reading for detailed information
1. Read the passage again and complete Part C1. Questions in Part C1 are to check your reading comprehension by making correct judgments of the statements.
2. Listen to the tape and complete C2. Questions in Part C2 are for students to note some specific information according to the time sequence.
Answers
C1 1 F 2 T 3 F 4 F 5 T 6 F 7 T 8 F
C2 2 b 3 f 4 e 5 a 6 d
3. Ask students to describe Sang Lan's personality.
1. More relevant information in the interview which shows Sang Lan’s personality
Before going to hospital
being successful in her sport when she was young
being described as energetic, happy and hard-working
working towards something special
trying to make her parents proud
While staying in hospital
being in good spirits
thinking about what she could do to get better
being proud of the things she had accomplished
feeling happy to be alive, and lucky to have the rest of her life to learn new things
After leaving hospital
studying journalism at Beijing University
hosting a sports show about the 2008 Beijing Olympics
looking forward to playing table tennis in the special Olympics for disabled people in 2008
thinking about positive things and staying optimistic
believing that keeping busy helps her stay positive
Step 4: Practice
1. Complete Part D
Find these words and expressions in the interview. Guess their meanings from the context. Then match them with the correct definitions.
2. Complete Part E
Read this newspaper article about Sang Lan. Complete it with the words below.
3. Let’s read the Reading strategy on page 19. Do you know what an interview means? An interview is a formal meeting at which one person asks another person a series of questions on a topic. When reading or watching an interview, you should pay attention to the topic, the opinions related to the topic, the questions asked and the answers to the questions.
Step 5: Post-reading activities
1. Think about the following questions again.
What is happiness?
What is the real value of being alive?
Does being healthy and wealthy mean happiness?
Does being respected and well-liked mean happiness?
2. Have a debate. The topic is “Sang Lan was happier before the accident than she is now.”
3. Go over Part F in pairs and continue the dialogue after the example.
Step 6: Language Points
Vocabulary
Words injure, struggle, disability, psychologist, gymnast, tournament , dedicated, energetic, specialist, severe, injury, hopeless, overcome, accomplish, journalism, positive, admirable, rebuild, unbearable, disabled, optimistic
useful expressions in hospital, devote …to…, apart from, cheer up, in good spirits, rush sb. to, be proud of, stay positive
sentence patterns 1. In case some of our viewers don’t know her story, can you tell us a little bit about Sang Lan and who she is?
2. While she was injured and in hospital, the world was amazed by the way she remained cheerful.
3. In 1998, a small accident during one of her practice vaults at the Goodwill Games could have cost her her future happiness.
Step 7: Homework
1. Finish Parts A1 and A2 on page 108 in Workbook.
2. Go over the reading passage.
●Word power
Step 1: Brainstorming
In this section we’ll learn the words and idioms used to describe emotions and feelings. Now I’d
like you to answer the following questions:
What words do you know can express happiness?
Apart from happiness, what other types of emotions do you know?
Can you think of some words that can express these kinds of feelings?
(love joy excitement hate fear jealousy delight surprise astonishment frustration depression contentment satisfaction concern worry fury curiosity )
Step 2: Vocabulary learning
1. Read the instructions on page 22 and study the examples listed in the table.
2. Write the adjective forms of other nouns related to emotion.
Reference
Nouns Adjectives
astonishment astonished
delight delighted
fury furious
curiosity curious
satisfaction satisfied
depression depressed
amazement amazed
disappointmemt disappointed
Step 3: Practice
1. Let’s focus on Part A. Circle the right word according to each different situation.
2. Do the exercise in Part B.
Step 4: Competition
How many emotional words do you know? Now I’ll divide you into several groups. You’ll have a competition to see which group has the most words. In the end you need to group emotional words into three different categories: happiness, sadness and anger.
Words describing happiness:
Noun forms: joy, happiness, delight
Adjective forms: joyful, happy, delighted
Words describing sadness:
Noun forms: sadness, depression
Adjective forms: sad, depressed
Words describing anger:
Noun forms: anger, fury
Adjective forms: angry, furious
Step 5: Vocabulary extension
1. Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.
① I'm not_____(satisfied, satisfaction) with what I've done. I can't get_____ (satisfied, satisfaction) from it. (satisfied; satisfaction)
② I was _____ (amazed, amazement) by the change in his appearance. All of us looked at him in_____ (amazed, amazement). (amazed; amazement)
③ The boy is _____ (curious, curiosity) about everything. His burning_____ (curious, curiosity) inspires him to learn more. (curious; curiosity)
2. Do part C. In the English language, there are some idioms about emotions. Guess their meanings.
3. Reading comprehension
There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people, and to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education, as they are responsible for what they do in life. Some students do badly in a traditional classroom. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules. For students who worry about these things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom.
But many students will not do well in an open classroom. For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do little in school. They will not make good use of open education. Because open education is so different from traditional education, these students may have a problem getting used to making so many choices. For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom. They worry about the rules even when there are no rules. Even a few rules will help this kind of students. The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Many teachers do not believe in open education. Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their schools.
You now know what open education is. Some of its good points and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion about open education. The writer thinks that open education is a good idea, but only in theory. In actual fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. The writer believes that most students, but of course not all students, want some structure in their classes. They want and need to have rules. In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects. Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study those subjects if they did not have to.
1. Open education allows the students to ___________ .
A. grow as the educated B．be responsible for their future
C. develop their own interests D．discover subjects outside class
2. Open education may be a good idea for the students who__________.
A．enjoy learning B．worry about grades
C．do well in a traditional classroom D．are responsible for what they do in life.
3. Some students will do little in an open classroom because_________ .
A．there are too few rules B．they hate activities
C．open education is similar to the traditional education D．they worry about the rules
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Some traditional teachers do not like it.
B．Many teachers do not believe in open education.
C．Teachers may have problems in open classrooms.
D．The teacher’s feelings and attitudes are important to the students.
5. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A．Open education is a really complex idea.
B．Open education is better than traditional education.
C．Teachers dislike open education.
D．The writer thinks that open education is a good idea in practice.
Answers 1-5 CBADA
Step 6: Homework
1. Part C on page 114 in the Workbook.
2. Prepare Grammar and usage.
● Grammar and usage
Step 1: General introduction and explanation to past and future tense
Past tense
I. The simple past tense:
It is often used to talk about something that happened in the past and is now finished.
e.g. She worked late into night yesterday.
II. The past continuous tense:
The tense is to talk about something that happened in the past and continued for some time.
e.g. She knew that as a famous dancer she was making her parents proud in those years.
III. The past perfect tense:
1. The past perfect tense is often used with the simple past tense. If one action happens before another in the past, the past perfect tense is used.
e.g. Upon entering the tomb, Carter’s lucky pet bird , which had led him to the place, was eaten by a snake.
2. The past perfect tense is sometimes used in reported speech
e.g. “We emptied the tomb of everything it contained,” said Carter.
Carter said that they had emptied the tomb of everything it contained.
3. The use of the past perfect tense simply indicates that an action comes before another past action, used with time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as, until, by, for and already
e.g. I had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum.
Future tense
I. The form and usage of the simple future tense：
1. will/shall do:表示将来发生的动作或出现的状态,shall仅与第一人称连用
2. be going to do:表示主语计划打算的行动或看来就要发生的事情
3. be doing:表示计划或安排好的动作（go, come, leave, begin 等动词）
4. be to do:表示客观上计划或安排好的动作
5. be about to do:表示即将发生的动作,一般不带时间副词或短语
6. do:表示与安排，计划或时刻表有关的动作；或用于if, when等状语从句中代替will do.
II. The usage of the future continuous tense:
1. Talk about something that will be in progress at a certain time or over a period of time in the future. (讨论将来某个时间点或时间段正在进行的动作)
e.g. Toby will not be in London next Tuesday. He will be climbing in the Himalayas.
Toby will be climbing in the Himalayas all next week.
3. Express future without intention. When it is used in this way, we want to indicate that something will happen naturally. It doesn’t imply that the speaker has arranged the action.
（表示不包含说话者主观意愿的纯粹将来。使用这种方式，我们想表达某件事会很自然地发生，说话者并不参与安排或计划。）比较下列各句：
e.g. Tom won’t cut the grass.（Tom refuses to cut the grass.）Tom won’t be cutting the grass.
（The sentence is only a statement of fact, giving no information about Tom’s intention. Perhaps Tom is away, or ill, or will be doing some other job.）
3. Make polite enquiries about other people’s future plans. (委婉地询问对方的未来计划，比用will do听起来更有礼貌。)
e.g. What will you be doing tomorrow?
Will you be working all day?
III. The usage of the future in the past is to talk about an event which was in the future at the time when it was discussed.
Step 2: Practice(语法练习)：
I. 用所给动词的适当的过去时或将来时的形式填充。
1. Let's keep to the point or we ______ never_______ (reach) any decisions.
2. My mind wasn't on what he was saying, so I'm afraid I______ (miss) half of it.
3. I don’t think Jim saw me; he _____ just ______ (start) into space.
4. I ____ (ask) you not to move my dictionary--now I can't find it.
5. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ______ (begin) to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.
6. --George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
--No, I ______ ______ ______(invite). Did they have a big wedding?
7. Shirley _____ (write) a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.
8. John and I have been friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _____ ______(see) each other a couple of times before that.
9. His wife _____ ______ (hope) to catch the first train but she was too late.
10. I _____ ______ (catch) in the heavy rain on the way to the cinema.
11. I found the sentence _____ ______ (not read) smoothly.
12. What he had said at the meeting _____ (prove) true.
13. ---Did you see Tom at the party?
--- No. He _____ _____ (leave) by the time I arrived.
14. --- How time flies! It’s already 10 o’clock.
--- Oh, I _____ _____ (not realize) it at all.
15. --- I’m sorry that I shouldn’t have been so rude to you.
--- You did_____ (lose) your temper but that’s OK.
II.用所给动词的适当的过去时或将来时的形式确翻译下列各句 ：
1. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who _____ _____(一直抓着) him but failed.
2. --What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
--I had just finished my work and ____ _____(正准备开始)to take a shower.
3. --You were out when I dropped in at your house.
--Oh, I_____ _____(在等候)for a friend from England at the airport.
4. --- Why haven’t you asked her to come here?
--- She ________(正在做工) an important experiment when I found her and she hasn’t finished it.
5. --- What were you up to when she dropped in?
--- I_____ _____(刚玩了一会儿)for a while and _____ _____ _____ _____(正打算看书) some reading.
6.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______often_____(会看到) advertisement showing happy families.
7. --- What place is it?
--- Haven’t you seen that we are back where we _____(回到了原地)?
8. --- Tomorrow is my birthday. I’d like you and Jane to come.
--- I’m not sure if she _____ _____ (将)free.
9. The crazy fans ______ _____ ______(一直在等)patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived.
10. You_______ _______(要求你ask) not to move the desk--now it is broken.
Keys
I. 1. will never reach 2. missed 3. was; staring 4. asked 5. began
6. hadn't been invited 7. wrote 8. had seen 9. had hoped 10. was caught
11. didn’t read 12. proved 13. had left 14. didn’t realize 15. lose
II. 1. was holding 2. was starting 3. was waiting 4. was doing 5. had played; was going to do 6. will; see 7. were 8. will be 9. had been waiting 10. was asked
●Task Writing a website article to give advice
Skills building 1: identifying negative emotional language
In this part, we’ll learn what words, phrases or structures are used to express negative emotions. These words will help discuss the problems.
1. Read the guidelines to know what negative emotions are.
Example words: hopeless, unhappy, disappointed, sad, regretful and lonely.
2. Make some sentences using the structures given on page 26.
I felt like crying when I knew I would never see my grandma again.
Failing my Maths test again made me feel rather depressed. I want to have a talk with my Maths teacher.
He left school under a black cloud after causing a serious accident.
Since her husband got ill, she seemed very down in the dumps.
Step 1: identifying problems
This part is designed to help develop your reading and listening skills. First read a letter and find the problem described in it according to what you have learnt in Skills building 1. Then complete the notes after listening to a student talk about his problems and suggest some good solutions.
1. Read the letter in Part A on page 26 and underline the negative language used to describe the problem in the letter.
Answers:
① I don’t know what to do.
② I’ve been very sad
③ I feel caught between
④ They make me feel like I’m a bad son
⑤ I feel guilty
⑥ I’m so confused.
⑦ I’m really tired of feeling worried
⑧ I wish I knew
2. Go over Part B on page 27 to find out what you should do next. Then listen to the recording and finish the notes in this part. Check answers with the class.
Tapescript
Ma Jie : When I’m at school, I’m often very tired. I have to stay up very late at night to finish my homework because I spend all afternoon with my basketball coach. I know that I’m not doing my best at school. That makes me feel sad because I like to try my hardest at everything. When I play basketball, I sometimes make mistakes, and don’t play well because I’m thinking about my studies, and I feel worried that I’m falling behind.
I want to be good at my studies and be good at basketball---I want to do both things well. I feel confused and sad because I don’t know how to do both. Lots of people play a sport and do well at school. I want to learn to balance both of these activities. My coach says that I have a special ability, and that it would be wrong not to use it. He says that very few people can play basketball as well as I can---I should be willing to give up other things in my life so that I can focus on playing. But my parents tell me that sport cannot take the place of a good education. They say that I could get injured; also, you can’t be 100% sure that you will be able to play basketball like Yao Ming in the future. They believe that it is more important to study hard and prepare for a job in the business world.
I agree with both of them. I’m lucky to be so good at basketball. It would be silly not to try and become the best I can be, but I also think a good education is one of the most important things there is. I know that even if I become very good at basketball, there might be a day when I’m too old or injured, and I will need a good education to help me find a good job.
Answers
B
1. sad 2. make mistakes 3. play well 4. studies
5. falling behind 6. studies 7. basketball 8. talent
9. willing 10. focus 11. education 12. injured
13. Yao Ming 14. important 15. business world 16. agree
3. Go over Part C, then listen to the recording and complete this part.
Tapescript
Ma Jie: The first thing I tried was just working harder at evening. I thought that maybe I could just try harder, and then I could do well at school and get better at basketball at the same time. But that idea didn’t work because both things take a lot of time, and there are just not enough hours in one day to do my very best at both things.
Then I thought I could focus on school, and just play basketball at the weekend. But my coach is right when he says that two days a week is not enough training if I want to become very good.
For a few weeks I studied less. I thought that maybe I could still get average marks, even if I did not spend much time studying. That was a huge mistake, because I failed two exams and my parents were very disappointed.
I’ve thought about quitting basketball too. Lots of people don’t play a sport and they are happy, right? But not me. If I don’t play basketball, I’m not happy. What do you think I should do?
Answers
C
1. Both things take a lot of time.
2. Two days a week is not enough training.
3. I failed two exams and my parents were very disappointed.
4. If I don’t play, I’m not happy
Skills building 2: breaking a big question into smaller ones
In this part, we will learn how to break a big question into smaller ones.
1 I’ll write a question on the blackboard. Do you know how to answer it?
How can I improve my grades?
It is difficult for us to simply answer the question with one or two sentences because it is too big.
2 Go over the guidelines in this part. Then read the big question and smaller questions given in this part as an example.
3. Work into groups of four to divide the question on the blackboard into a few smaller questions.
Sample questions:
What subjects do you find hard and need to improve on?
What is your problem in these subjects?
Is that because you have not spent enough time on them?
What have you done to improve on these subjects? Did you use good study methods in these subjects?
What are your short-term and long-term goals in these subjects? Have you set proper goals?
I want all of you participate in the discussion. All possible answers are welcome.
Step 2: discussing solutions
This part is designed to help use what you’ve learnt in Skills building 2 to practise asking questions and discussing solutions.
1. Work in pairs to discuss Ma Jie's problems. Try to divide the big question 'What do you think of Ma Jie's problem?' into smaller ones.
Sample conversation
--- You know Ma Jie is my good friend. Recently he has been worried a lot. I want to help him solve his problem. What do you think I should do?
---OK. Let's see what we can do to help him, but first let's make things less complicated
We'd better divide the big question into some smaller ones. Tell me what his problem is.
2. Write down the smaller questions in speech bubble
3. Work in pairs to make up a dialogue with the help of speech bubble 2 and speech bubble 3. Then two or three pairs are required to present your dialogues to the whole class.
Skills building 3: giving advice
In this part, you will read some guidelines of how to make advice clearer and more helpful to people who need it.
Read the three points and put on the blackboard the following table to help the students understand the guidelines.
Guidelines What to do Why
1 avoid judging Use positive, helpful language
do not say, 'It's wrong for you to .. People want help but not judgement of their previous behaviour.
2 give examples Mention a similar situation where your advice works. People will know how to use your advice.
Step 3: writing an article
In this part, you’ll write an article about how Ma Jie solved his problem with the help of his parents, teachers and coach.
1 Read the guidelines in this part to find out what to do.
Ma Jie's problems
the possible solutions Ma Jie has thought of and the reasons why they didn't work
the advice you gave to Ma Jie
the advice his parents, teachers and coach gave him and why it works
your opinion about the best way to solve problems that students have
2. Work in groups of four to write the article. Each member of the group writes one part. After each of you has finished your part, your group should put the four parts together to form the article and present it to the whole class.
3. Homework: write a passage according the guidelines in Part B on page 115 in workbook.
●Project Making a happiness handbook
Part A
1. At the beginning of this class, let’s appreciate two poems. After reading, try to say something about them.
What is happiness
(1) Thursday, 14. September 2006, 09:55:30 by Moonriver
Happiness
Is the moment
When I happen to kiss the forehead of angel cloud so gracious
Said the wind
Happiness
Is the instant
When I drench a thirsty heart by coincidence
Said the rain
Happiness
Lies in the second
When rainbow paints me with colorful clothes so generous
Said the sky
For me
Happiness falls
The moment you perch in my heart so zealous
And render it smile
(2) 2006-9-14 18:34:49 By troublemakerl:
Happiness is a cup of water when dying of thirsty.
Happiness is a loaf of bread when starving to death.
Happiness is a feel of hunger when find nothing tasty.
Happiness is a look of smile when taking the last breath.
Happiness is the sweet smile blooming on the child's face for a tiresome mother
Happiness is the oasis in the desert for an exhausted traveller
Happiness is the warm feeling dancing in the heart of lover
Happiness is an unchanged melody that never alter
Ok. From the two poems, we can find they are both about the theme HAPPINESS. We dare say different people have different ideas of happiness and the idea of what is happiness lies in people themselves.
Today we’ll read two essays on the theme of “the happiest days of your life” and then you will write an essay about your ideas of happiness and make your own happiness handbooks.
2. Come to Part A. Read the essay GOLDEN DAYS by yourselves and then try to answer some questions.
1) Is the writer old or young? How do you know that?
2) What time does the writer consider to be the happiest of his life?
3) Why does the writer think those days were happy?
4) What does the writer think young people can do while old people can’t?
3. Read the second essay and then judge whether the following statements are right or wrong.
1) The writer is a teenager because she will be an adult in the future.
2) She thinks her happiest days will be in the future with new technology and without war, pollution or hunger.
3) The writer thinks that teenagers can’t do things like adults because they have to work hard at school, doing or learning things.
4) The writer feels very nice each time she thinks of her happiest days ahead of her.
5) From the essay, we can conclude that the writer is a hardworking girl, because she is always motivated to work hard for her future life by herself.
4. Have a discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of teenagers and old people.
Advantages of being young: active, full of energy, creative, strong, modern, easy to keep up with the times, easy and eager to learn new things
Disadvantages of being young: impatient, immature, inexperienced
Advantages of being old: experienced, mature, patient
Disadvantages of being old: lack of energy, stubborn, easy to be tired or to fall ill
5. Do Parts B1 and B2 on page 109 in workbook to practise using some words and phrases in this section.
Answers
B 1
1. encouragement 2. independent 3. assist
4. motivation 5. accomplishment
B2
1. look back upon 2. stay 3. ached 4. imagine
5. allowing 6. simplify 7. focus on 8. fix
Part B
You are asked to make a handbook about happiness of each group. Work in groups and follow the outline below to design a handbook.
Planning
Each group divide different tasks and decide who will check the English in the essays, who will illustrate the handbook, who will put all the essays together and make the cover of the handbook.
Preparing
Review what we’ve learned about happiness in this unit and then discuss the following questions on page 31.
Each one should come up with the idea of happiness of your own.
Producing
Make a draft, get the approval of the group and finalize the handbook.
Presenting
Present your group work to others and wait to be judged.
● self-assessment
This section aims to help you see the progress you have made, how much you have improved your skills, and also what else you can do to improve your study.
In Part A, some items are presented to you and you are asked to check how well you think you have developed these skills. These items cover the main study targets in this unit, including skills in listening, speaking, reading and writing, and the usage of vocabulary and grammar items as well as doing activities in English. Through assessing yourselves as learners, you will realize whether you have achieved the goals in this unit. Each item corresponds to one or more parts in this unit. For example, after finishing Step 2 on page 28, you will know whether you can break a big question into smaller ones so you can answer them easily. You have the opportunity to evaluate your own skills and abilities in English. The color bar with 5 levels rates how confident you feel about what you have learnt in this unit. If you feel very confident about one item, you get yourselves a score of 5. If you feel slightly confident about another item, you get a score of 2. After going over all the items in this part, you need to add all the scores up and divide the total amount by the total sum. Thus, you will get a percentage, which shows your level.
If you feel there are some areas in which you are not confident or just slightly confident about, you can think about how to improve on them. In Part B, you are asked to make an action plan, so you will know what to do and take some effective measures.
Part Two Teaching Resources
第二部分 教学资源
Section 1 A text structure analysis of The search for happiness
I. Type of writing and summary of The search for happiness
Type of writing This is a talk show.
Main idea of the passage It tells about how to find happiness
Topic sentence of 1st and 2nd paragraph Greet the viewers. And an introduction to the topic-how happiness means to different people
Topic sentence of 3rd and 4th paragraphs A brief introduction to Sang Lan to show how she enjoys her life.
Topic sentence of 5th and 6th paragraphs More details about Sang Lan-her life, her personality and her accident.
Topic sentence of 7th and 8th paragraphs How she overcame all the difficulties and remains a cheerful and happy person.
Topic sentence of 9th-12th and paragraphs How she adapted to her new life.
Topic sentence of 13th paragraph Conclusion-how to search for happiness in our life.
Ⅱ. A tree diagram of the text
interview
Ⅲ. A retold version of the text
The search for happiness
Host: Dr Brain, welcome to our Talk Show. You are a very famous psychologist who has written several books about happiness and the things people do to keep themselves happy.
Dr Brain: Thank you for inviting me. Today, I will take Sang Lan, a former gymnast in China, for example to talk about how to find happiness.
Host: I see. You often use the example to show how people get happiness even in difficult time.
Dr Brain: Yes, as we all know, she used to be successful in sport but one day got badly injured. As a result, she had to stop her career and sit in armchair all the time. But the whole world can see her remain cheerful and happy.
Host: She must have suffered a lot from her severe injuries and must have been sad.
Dr Brain: Though it must have been difficult, yet she was encouraged not only by her parents and friends but also herself. She was always in high spirits after her accident. She took pride in her past and felt happy to be alive and lucky to learn new things.
Host: That must be why her story so special. And how has Sang Lan adapted herself to her new life?
Dr Brain: I think it is her strong will and perseverance that work. She says she likes thinking about meaningful things and keeping herself busy to stay optimistic and positive.
Host: How great she is! I hope all of our viewers can be inspired by her.
IV. Translation of reading and project.
Reading
寻求幸福
主持人： 我们今天来谈论幸福这个话题。对某些人来说，幸福就是有家人和朋友陪伴在自己身边。对另-些人来说，幸福意味着在某个方面取得成功，比如说实现一个目标。对那些受伤的人或者是身体有残疾而行动不便的人来说，幸福可能仅仅意味着过-天没有疼痛的日子，或者仅仅是活着而已。我们今天的嘉宾是布莱思博土。布莱思博土是一位心理学家，写过好几本有关幸福以及人们为保持幸福采取什么手段的书。 布莱思博土，谢谢您参加我们今天的节目。
布莱思博士： 谢谢你的邀请。今天，我来谈谈如何寻找幸福。
主持人： 我知道，你经常拿体操运动员桑兰为例子来告诉人们：即使遭遇逆境，也能找到幸福。
布莱思博士： 有些人为自己的人生感到幸福，甚至在大家以为是悲伤的时候也感到生活幸福。在这方面，桑兰是-个很好的例子。在她出事故之前，我们都知道桑兰是-个年轻快乐的姑娘，在体育方面有骄人成绩。她受伤住院期间，世人都为她依然开朗的样子感到惊讶。如今，她在实现较小目标的过程中、从周边人对她的爱中找到了幸福。
主持人： 嗯，或许我们有些观众还不知道桑兰的故事，您能跟我们简单介绍-下桑兰吗?
布莱思博士： 当然可以。桑兰1981年出生在中国的宁波市，六岁时就开始学习体操。11年来，直到角逐纽约友好运动会的体操锦标赛时，桑兰-直是-个专心致志的体操小将。桑兰最拿手的项目-向是跳马。她自1991年就开始获得奖牌，并且-直刻苦训练。根据队友的描述，她精力充沛、精神愉快、勤奋刻苦。参加训练意味着她不能和父母住在一起，但尽管如此，她还是乐意奉献于体操。在那些年里，桑兰知道，自己正朝-个特别的目标而奋斗，她让父母为她感到骄傲和自豪。然而，1998年在友好运动会上进行跳马练习时的一个小事故原本可能把她未来的幸福化为泡影。桑兰在她多年来都能完美表现的项目--跳马--上犯了-个错误。她栽了下去，折了脖子。她被紧急送往纽约市的一家顶级医院。世界各地的专家都说，由于伤势严重，她将永远无法行走了。
主持人： 这个事故对她来说想必无法承受，她肯定是非常伤心。
布莱思博土： 并非如此，这正是她的故事显得特别的地方。见过她的每个人，从医院的护士，到像前往医院探访、给她鼓励的名人，如电影《泰坦尼克号》主演莱昂纳多迪-卡普里奥等，都说她精神状态良好。桑兰懂得，对很多人来说，幸福的秘诀在于思考美好的事情，集中精力实现自己的目标。所以，桑兰并没有为失去的一切呼天抢地，并没有感到绝望，她想到的就是，为了改善自己的状态，自己能做些什么。她住院 期间，队友们继续比赛。队友们前往医院看望她，跟她讲述各自的成功时，她为队友们感到喜悦。她的父母穿越国界，从中国飞到美国去照看她，见到父母时桑兰感到很幸福。当医生告诉她，她再也不能当体操运动员了时，桑兰能够克服失落感， 为她已经取得的成绩感到骄傲和自豪。她为自己仍然活着感到幸福，为她自己还有余生可以学习新东西感到庆幸。
主持人：这真让人惊叹，布莱思博士。这个事件发生时她多大?
布莱思博土： 她当时只有17岁。
主持人： 那桑兰是怎样适应新生活的呢?
布莱思博土： 她适应得非常好。她之后回到了中国，在北京大学读新闻专业。她目前还在主持一档有关2008年北京奥运会的体育节日。她甚至希望能在2008年为残疾人举力、的特别奥运会上参加乒乓球比赛。她告诉人们，她愿意考虑事物的积极面，始终保持乐观的态度。她相信，忙碌有助干保持积极的状态。
主持人： 我希望我们所有的观众都从桑兰的身上得到了启发和鼓舞!我觉得她的勇气令人钦佩。我知道，以后每当我感到生活难以承受时，都会想一想桑兰是如何重建生活的。
Project
黄金岁月
回想在英格兰乡村上学的岁月是一件愉快的事。那时候，我身边都是自己的朋友，家人时时给我鼓励和指导。我整个的生活还都在前面等着我。在人生的那个阶段，我本可以干任何事、成为任何人。我觉得上学的那些黄金岁月是我一生中最幸福的时光。
我记得有时候能够感觉到恨不得一下子就长大并且独立的冲动，但我仍然非常开心。我生活中没有任何烦恼。我可以整天都呆在外面，和自己的朋友在太阳底下玩耍，和朋友们没完没了地谈有趣的事情。在家里，我的父母管所有的大事。我要做的事就是上学，以及回家后再学习几个小时。到了周末，我可以去看朋友、到我爷爷奶奶家、读书或者进行体育锻炼。我那时还是个天真的孩子，不必思考工作上的各种问题，也没有必要为收入而担忧，或者担负照顾家庭的重任。我要做的一切就是享受我的少年时光。
年轻人要切记，健康的身体是幸福的重要组成部分。当你生了病，年纪大了、身子骨疼痛，这时候你就很难感到幸福和开心了。年轻的时候，我可以跑上好多公里也不觉得累。我觉得自己什么都能做。如今，我上了年纪，动不动就觉得累，我还必须小心翼翼，以免自己受伤。我真希望我还能进行体育活动，因为体育活动能够让我感到非常愉快。
我过了精彩的一生，想到这一生中自己所取得的成就我感到骄傲。在我这-生中，不同阶段我所做的不同的事情我都为之自豪，但在我脑海里印象最鲜明、记忆最幸福的时光还是我求学的那些日子，所以我觉得那是我一生中最幸福的时光。
未来的幸福
想象自己的未来，我看到的是自己工作成功，家人围绕身边共享天伦之乐的情景。我认为，到那个时候新的科学技术可让人更加长寿、更加健康。正因为如此，我认为我最幸福的日子是在将来。
未来的科学技术会保证我和家人身体健康，从来就不为生病烦恼。没有人会感到忧伤，因为到那时人类已经学会解决目前还在影响着我们的许多问题，如战争、环境污染和饥荒。人们彼此之间将会更好地沟通和交流。未来科技将保证所有人都能拥有健康和幸福!我想象着，在未来每天只需要工作四个小时，而且每个人都可以做各种有趣的兼职。至于那些枯燥无味的事情，将有机器人和电脑来帮助我们处理。这会大大简化我们的生活。甚至说不定还有自动厨房来给我们烹煮快餐。这样，每个家庭就可以花最多的时间和家人相伴，花最少的时间来做家务。
我感到幸福的原因还因为到那时我已是成人了。青少年时期，你很难专注于幸福!我们住学校里需要刻苦学习，-旦抽空放松一下时，总有人告诉你应该做这个、应该学那个。到了将来，我会更加成熟，能够自己做决定，做自己喜欢做的事情。我会有-份稳定并且自己喜欢的工作，我会因为工作成功而找到幸福。
想想自己最幸福的日子还在前头，这感觉真的很好。这样一想，我就有了刻苦学习以享受未来生活的动力。
● Section 2 Background information about the Goodwill Games and Sang Lan
The Goodwill Games
The Goodwill Games are another important sports event where the world's best athletes have another opportunity to come together and prove their abilities on the world stage. They were first held in Moscow in 1986. In 2001, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia successfully held the Games. It was the first time that the Goodwill Games were hosted by a city outside of the USA and the former USSR. If you would like to know more about the Goodwill Games, you can visit the following website:
http://www, goodwillgames.com
Goodwill Games Ceases Operations
After 16 years, encompassing five Summer and one Winter Goodwill Games that included nearly 20,000 athletes from 100 countries, dozens of world records and countless memories, the Goodwill Games have ceased operations.
The brainchild of founder Ted Turner, the Goodwill Games began in 1986 in the host city of Moscow, Russia as a way to ease tensions during the Cold War through friendly athletic competition between nations. With the end of the Cold War, the Games' focus shifted toward youth initiatives. Using sports as a way to better young people's lives, the Goodwill Games raised millions of dollars for charity.
The Goodwill Games would take place in Seattle, WA (1990), St. Petersburg, Russia (1994), New York City, NY (1998), Brisbane, Australia (2001) and a Winter Goodwill Games in Lake Placid, NY in 2000.
The athletes that have appeared in the Games over the years are a who's who of international stars in their respective sports. They include the likes of Carl Lewis, Sergei Bubka, Marion Jones, Felix Savon, Oscar de la Hoya, Tim Duncan, Oksana Baiul, Jackie Joyner-Kersee, Michael Johnson, Ian Thorpe, and the list goes on and on. The camaraderie and friendships developed at this multi-sport event, as well as the memories of a great sporting competition will last a lifetime.
友好运动会活动结束
友好运动会在16年后，历经了5个冬季友好运动会和1个夏季友好运动会，吸引了100个国家的近20,000名运动员参加，创造了许多世界纪录和无数的回忆后，宣布结束。
创始人特德特纳设想，始于1986年的友好运动会的主办城市莫斯科是为了通过国家之间友好体育竞赛缓和冷战带来的紧张局势。随着冷战的结束,比赛的焦点转移到对青少年活动。为了更好地提高青少年的生活,友好运动会提供了万元善款。
友好运动会又在西雅图分会(1990年),圣彼得堡,俄罗斯(1994),纽约(1998),澳大利亚的布里斯班(2001)举行，在纽约普莱西德湖城(2000年)举行了冬季友好运动会。
多年以来，多少运动员出现在赛场上，有来自各国的国际体育明星。包括象Carl Lewis, Sergei Bubka, Marion Jones, Felix Savon, Oscar de la Hoya, Tim Duncan, Oksana Baiul, Jackie Joyner-Kersee, Michael Johnson, Ian Thorpe,等等。不胜枚举. 充满友谊、友爱的运动得到了发展、人们对重大体育比赛的回忆也将持续永远。
Sang Lan, former member of the national women's gymnastic team, suffered severe spinal injuries in a competition at the Goodwill Games held in Long Island in New York in the United States in 1998 and has been bound to a wheelchair ever since. She captured the hearts of Americans while undergoing surgical treatment in the U.S. Sang hopes that she will compete in the National Games for the Disabled as a table tennis player.
Sang Lan Captured the Hearts of Americans
On July 21, 1998, 17-year-old Sang Lan was injured while attempting a practice vault. According to doctors, she had a fracture-dislocation of C-6 on C-7. This had resulted in an injury to her spinal cord. At that time, she could not move her legs. She had minimal motion of her arms. She could not feel from her mid-chest down.
Despite her disability, Sang Lan determined not to allow herself lapse into despair. She did believe that she would walk again one day. While Sang Lan was undergoing rehabilitation in New York, she captured the hearts of Americans. Many people called her a "brave and incredible young lady". She had become an international symbol of courage and was very popular in United States.
Sang Lan Enrolled in Peking University
The optimistic and adamant girl has been admitted to the School of Journalism and Communication of Peking University. Her long-cherished desire to go to college has been realized.
Sang's mother said that before the vaulting accident, Song had always busied herself with trainings and contests. After she returned from New York, she became very enthusiastic in study and worked very hard. She even can use a computer skillfully now.
"Get up from where you fall is the most ordinary thing for a gymnast. And it's my motto," Sang said. "I'll arrange my time scientifically and work hard on my studies so as to be a winner in life."
As a former athlete, Sang keeps winning the honor for the nation in mind. "If I can get better, I'll play table tennis and get ready to compete in the Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games," she said.
Sang Lan May Appear in Pingpong Games
Sang Lan has lately expressed the desire to take up table tennis as her second sport profession and hopes to take part in 2008 Paralympic Games.
"I will return to competition in 2008. A gold medal in Beijing Olympics is all I want," Sang said.
In the past Paralympic Games, those who have lost their hands still have the ability to play with an arm. So long as she has the will to take up pingpong games, according to Sang Lan, she may join in like matches with opponents of her same grade, according to Paralympic medical classification.
Sang Lan's Facts
Birth date/Place: June 11, 1981
Hometown: Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
Began Gymnastics: 1987
Major Accomplishments:
1998 Chinese Nationals--2nd vault;
1997 Chinese National Vault Champion;
1996 Chinese Nationals--2nd vault
Hobbies: Playing video games, watching "Tom and Jerry"
Food: Kentucky Fried Chicken
●Section 3 Words and expressions from Reading
●Welcome to the unit
1. These people are all doing things that make them happy. (P17) 这些人都在做让他们高兴的事件。
make+宾语+宾语补足语:
其中宾语补足语可以由名词，形容词，非谓语动词充当。
My father wants to make me a doctor.
He made London the base for his revolutionary work.
It'll make me so happy if you'll accept it.
Washing machines make housework easier.
He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
I can't make this machine go.
He was made to repeat it.
He could not make himself understood.
相关高考试题
1. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world. （NMET1998）
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
2. Helen had to shout _____ above the sound of the music. （2004广西）
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
3. - Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
- Oh, that’s ____________. (2003 北京春季)
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
答案及解析：
1选 A.分词引导结果状语。其中it做make的宾语，the most popular sport充当宾语补足语。
2选 D 动词不定式充当目的状语。其中herself做make的宾语，heard充当宾语补足语; herself与heard之间是被动关系。
3选 A what引导的表语从句。其中me做make的宾语，feel excited充当宾语补足语。
●Reading--- The search for happiness
1. To others, happiness means achieving success in something, such as meeting a goal. (P18) 对其他人来说，幸福意味着成功，比如达到一个目标。
mean
vt. meant, meant
1) to express or represent sth. such as an idea, thought, or fact: （指字句等）意谓
What does this word mean?
[+ that] These figures mean that almost 7% of the working population is unemployed.
What do you mean by that remark?
She's quite odd though. Do you know what I mean?
2) used to add emphasis to what you are saying: 意指
I want you home by midnight. And I mean midnight.
Give it back now! I mean it.
3) to have a particular result: 预示
Lower costs mean lower prices.
[+ that] Advances in electronics mean that the technology is already available.
[+ ing form of verb] If we want to catch the 7.30 train, that will mean leaving the house at 6.00.
4) to have an important emotional effect on someone: 意味
It wasn't a valuable picture but it meant a lot to me.
Possessions mean nothing to him.
5) to intend: 打算
I'm sorry if I offended you - I didn't mean any harm.
The books with large print are meant for our partially sighted readers.
[+ to infinitive] I've been meaning to phone you all week.
Do you think she meant to say 9 a.m. instead of 9 p.m.?
[+ object + to infinitive] This exercise isn't meant to be difficult.
They didn't mean for her to read the letter.
相关高考试题
1. In some parts of London, missing a bus means______ for another hour.（2002上海春）
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting
2. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _________ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. ( 2006江苏)
A. who B. that C. as D. which
3. If you think that treating a woman well means always_______ her permission for things, think again. （2006湖南）
A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting
答案及解析：
1选A. mean doing 表示“意味着”；mean to do表示“本打算”。
2选D. which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰的先行词是前面整个句子。
3选D. mean doing 表示“意味着”；mean to do表示“本打算”。
2. Sang Lan is very good example of someone who is happy with her life, even when people expect her to be sad. (P18) 桑兰是享受生活的一个很好的例子，尽管人们认为她会悲伤。
expect
vt. 1) to think or believe sth. will happen, or someone will arrive:
We are expecting a lot of applicants for the job.
[+ (that)] I expect (that) you'll find it somewhere in your bedroom.
I expect (that) he'd have left anyway.
[+ to infinitive] He didn't expect to see me.
The financial performance of the business is fully expected (= almost certain) to improve.
We were half expecting you not to come back.
2) to think that someone should behave in a particular way or do a particular thing:
I expect punctuality from my students.
[+ to infinitive] Borrowers are expected to (= should) return books on time.
相关高考试题
1. Mum is coming. What present ___________ for your birthday? （2005福建）
A．you expect she has got B．you expect has she got
C．do you expect she has got D．do you expect has she got
2. According to the art dealer, the painting ______ to go for at least a million dollars. （2004四川）
A. is expected B. expects
C. expected D. is expecting
3. I've worked with children before, so I know what______ in my new job. （2000全国）
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
答案及解析：
1选C. 此句中do you expect为插入语，由于do you expect已用疑问语序，主句用陈述语序，故选C。
2选A. 油画与价格之间是被期待着的关系。此句应用被动语态。
3选B. what, which, how, when, where等特殊疑问词后一般接动词不定式，与疑问词一起充当宾语，表语。
3. Well, in case some of our viewers don’t know her story, can you tell us a little bit about Sang Lan and who she is? （P18）好的，或许我们有些观众还不知道桑兰的故事，您能给我们简单介绍一下桑兰吗？
1) in case：because of a possibility of sth. happening, being needed, etc. 以防
I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some just in case.
Bring a map in case you get lost.
I left for the office earlier than usual this morning in case of traffic jam.
相关高考试题
1. I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s __________ I have to wait. (2005全国II)
A. in case B．so that C．in order D．as if
2. How can you expect to learn anything ____ you never listen? （2006全国II）
A. in case B. even if C. unless D. when
3. We always keep ________ spare paper, in case we ran out. （2006浙江）
A. too much B. a number of C. plenty of D. a good many
答案及解析：
1选A. in case表示“以防，万一; so that “以便”,引导目的状语从句；in order后可以接不定式，也可接that引导目的状语从句；as if 表示“好象”。
2选D. when引导的条件状语从句，此句意为，“你从来不听，怎么能学到东西”。
3选C. 此句意为，“我们总是保留充足的纸，以防用光”。
2) a little bit：副词短语，一点
相关高考试题
1. I wish you’d do ________ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better. （2006江苏）
A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more
答案及解析：选A. 此句意为，“我希望你少说一点，多做一点，因此，事件会变的更好”。
4．Even though her training meant that she had to live apart from her parents, she was happy to devote herself to gymnastics. （P18）参加训练意味着她不能和父母住在一起，但尽管如此，她还是乐意奉献于体操。
1) even though/if：although 尽管
Even though he was tired, he helped me with my work.
I shall go even though it rains.
It is better to ask him even though he (should) refuse.
even/as if：used to describe how a situation seems to be 好象
She looked as if she'd had some bad news.
I felt as though I'd been lying in the sun for hours.
They stared at me as if I was crazy.
相关高考试题
1. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ____they are different from your own. (2005湖南)
A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though
2. Your uncle seems to be a good driver; _________, I wouldn’t dare to travel in his car. （2005江西）
A．even so B．even though C．therefore D．so
答案及解析：
1选B. 此句意为，“即使小孩有不同的意见，也要让他们说出来”。
2选A. even so“尽管如此”；even though“尽管，即使”；therefore“因此”；so“因此”。
2) devote …to…：to give all of sth. especially your time, effort or love, or yourself, to sth. you believe in or to a person:奉献于…
He left government to devote more time to his family.
She has devoted all her energies/life to the care of homeless people.
[R] At the age of 25, he decided to devote himself to God.
相关高考试题
Our Party has always devoted great attention to raising the living _____ of the working people. (2004上海)
A. cost B. situation C. level D. standard
答案及解析：选D。此句意为，“我们党一直很关注提高人民的生活水平”。
5. That must have been difficult for her. She must have been very sad. （P19）那对她肯定很困难，她一定很难过。
must
modal verb 1) used to show that it is necessary or very important that sth. happens in the present or future:
Meat must be cooked thoroughly.
I must get some sleep.
You mustn't show this letter to anyone else.
Luggage must not be left unattended (= it is against the rules).
FORMAL Must you leave so soon?
FORMAL "Must I sign this?" "No, there's no need."
2) if you say that you must do sth. you mean that you have a definite intention to do sth. in the future:
I must phone my sister.
We must get someone to fix that wheel.
I mustn't bite my nails.
3) used for emphasis:
I must say, you're looking extremely well.
I must admit, I wasn't looking forward to it.
4) if you tell someone else that they must do sth. pleasant, you are emphasizing that you think it is a good idea for them to do that:
You must come and stay with us for the weekend.
We must meet for lunch soon.
5) used to show that sth. is very likely, probable or certain to be true:
Harry's been driving all day - he must be tired.
There's no food left - we must have eaten it all.
When you got lost in the forest you must have been very frightened.
"You must know Frank." "No, I don't."
相关高考试题
1. -Is Jack on duty today?
-It ____ be him. It’s his turn tomorrow. （2006四川）
A. mustn’t B. won’t C. can’t D. needn’t
2. There's no light on - they______ be at home. （2006全国I）
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
3. This cake is very sweet. You __________ a lot of sugar in it. (2005辽宁)
A．should put B．could have put C．might put D．must have put
4. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They ______ at lease 150 km an hour. (2006重庆)
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
答案及解析：
1.选C. 表示肯定的推测用must; 否定的推测用cannot. 意为，“不可能是他”。
2.选A. 表示否定的推测用cannot. 意为，“他们不可能在家”。
3.选D. 表示肯定的推测用must; must have put用的是完成式，表示的动作发生在主句表示的动作is sweet之前，意为，“你肯定放了好多糖”。
4选B. 表示肯定的推测。
6．Instead of crying about what she had lost and feeling hopeless, Sang Lan thought about what she could do to get better. (P19) 她没有对她失去的而哭泣或感到无望，相反，桑兰想到的是自己能做什么来改变自己的状态。
instead of：in place of someone or sth. else 代替;而不…
There's no coffee - would you like a cup of tea instead?
You can go instead of me, if you want
I'll go instead of him.
I can go to the meeting instead of my sick brother.
I can't go, she'll go instead of me.
She went to school instead of staying at home.
7. And how has Sang Lan adapted to her new life? (P19) 那桑兰是怎样适应新生活的呢？
adapt
vi. 1) to become familiar with a new situation:
The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environments.
It took me a while to adapt to the new job.
2) to change sth. to suit different conditions or uses:
Many software companies have adapted popular programs to the new operating system.
The recipe here is a pork roast adapted from Caroline O'Neill's book 'Louisiana Kitchen'.
[+ to infinitive] We had to adapt our plans to fit Jack's timetable.
The play had been adapted for (= changed to make it suitable for) children.
Davies is busy adapting Brinkworth's latest novel for television.
8. I know I will think about how she rebuilt her life whenever my life feels unbearable. (P19)我知道，以后每当我感到生活难以承受时，都会想一想桑兰是如何重建生活的。
whenever
adv. conj. 1) every or any time:
I blush whenever I think about it.
Whenever I go there they seem to be in bed.
I try to use olive oil whenever possible.
"Will it be okay if I do it tomorrow?" "Sure, whenever (= then or at any other time)."
Do it in a spare moment at the weekend or whenever - it really doesn't matter.
I'm talking about last July or whenever it was that you got back from India.
2) used instead of 'when' to add emphasis to a phrase, usually expressing surprise:
Whenever do you get the time to do these things?
相关高考试题
1. In peace，too，the Red Cross is expected to send help _______ there is human suffering. (2006江西)
A. whoever B. however C. whatever D. wherever
2. The old tower must be saved, _________the cost. （2005浙江）
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever
3. --- Could you do me a favour? (2006北京)
--- It depends on ______ it is.
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
答案及解析：
1选D. 此句相当于send help to the place where there is human suffering。Wherever引导定语从句。
2.选B. whatever意为“无论什么”。此句意为，“那座古塔必须修，无论花什么代价”。
3.选C. what引导的宾语从句。意为，“看看是帮什么忙”。
9. Reeve could not walk either, due to an unfortunate horse riding accident. (P21)由于一次骑马时不幸的事故，Reeve也不能走路了。
due to
caused by; attributable to 由于
This accident was due to his carelessness.
His illness was due to overwork.
The accident was due to bad driving.
The stove smokes, that is due to the pipe being stopped.
His success was due to hard work.
The wages due to him will be paid tomor