Period 3-5 Intensive Reading
1. (P2) TV and audio devices: a review
n. & v. 回顾；评论（文章，杂志）
e.g.: Perhaps we could have a quick review of the progress made so far. 也许我们可以对目前所取得的进步作一个快速的回顾。
film reviews / a review of one’s book影评/书评
review the film/the play 评论
review the events of the past six months
review lessons =go over复习功课
review the situation/the evidence复查，重新考虑
review one’s failures回顾，反思
a book reviewer评论家
2. (P2, line4) Regular public broadcasting followed shortly after, first beginning...
soon / not long / shortly after (...)
e.g.: Not long/Soon/Shortly after the wedding, his wife became ill. 婚后不久，他的妻子就病了。
The family moved to New York in June 1983, and Sarah’s first child was born soon/not long/shortly after. 之后不久Sarah的第一个孩子就出生了
3. (P2, line6) Many people contributed to the development of TV.
v. [I or T] 1) 捐助，贡献
e.g.: Aren't you going to contribute towards Jack's leaving present?
Come to the meeting if you feel you have something to contribute.
Her family have contributed 50, 000 to the fund.
2）投稿She contributes to several magazines.
contribute to sth. 有助于，成为……的原因
Smoking certainly contributed to his early death.
contributor
n. [C] 1) 捐赠人
e.g.: At the back of the programme, there is a list of contributors to the theatre appeal.
2）投稿人
contribution n. [C or U] 有助的人或物
e.g.: All contributions (= presents of money), no matter how small, will be much appreciated.
All contributions (= articles to be printed) for the school magazine must be received by August 1st.
This invention made a major contribution to road safety.
She didn't make much of a contribution (= She did not say much) at today's meeting, did she?
contributed to
contribute food and clothing to the refugees向难民捐赠食物和衣服
contribute an article to the magazine
Alcohol contributes to 100,000 deaths a year in the US.
We hope everyone will contribute to the discussion. 酒精促成了美国每年十万人的死亡。
★ to prep.
look forward to / refer to / get (be) used to / lead to / devote to / pay attention to / get down to / be addicted to / the key to.../take to/ be/get/become accustomed to/ get/be used to/ admit to 承认 / turn to 求助于（依靠，转而从事于）/ look up to 尊敬（敬仰）/ stick to 坚持（忠于等）/ object to 反对/ be equal to 等于，胜任，经得起/ see to 注意（处理，照料等）/ come to 合计；共计；突然出现在脑海中；谈到；苏醒 / agree to同意(计划、建议和安排)/ add to使（数量等）增加，使（规模）扩大/. appeal to 使感兴趣，对……有吸引力，打动人心/ attend to 处理，对付，照料，关怀/ belong to 属于，是……成员/ drink to 为……干杯，举杯祝贺……/ give oneself up to 献身于，致力于/ prefer...to …（两者中）宁愿选择其中之一，更喜欢/ help oneself to 自用，擅自取用
4. (P2, line7) Because of this, it is still uncertain who invented TV.
be uncertain about/of + sth.
e.g.: I was uncertain about what to do next.
我确定不了接下来做什么。
I’m still uncertain of my success.
我仍然对成功没有把握。
be uncertain + whether/how/what etc.
He was uncertain how much farther he could walk.
他不确定还能走多远。
It is uncertain + whether/how/what etc.
It was very uncertain whether Henry would contribute to the discussion.Henry是否会在讨论中发言还很不确定。
uncertain plans 未决定的计划
uncertain weather/temper变化无常，难以捉摸
★Somebody ＋be sure ／certain about ／of+…”
Somebody ＋be sure ／ certain ＋从句
e.g.: You may be sure ／certain that he is honest．
Somebody ＋be sure ／certain ＋连接代词／连接副词／whether to do something”
e.g.: I was not sure whether to go．
Somebody ／something ＋be sure ／certain ＋to do something
e.g.: He is sure ／certain to be back soon．
Somebody ＋make sure ／certain ＋从句
e.g.: You must make sure ／certain when the train will leave．
It＋be certain ＋to do something ／从句”结构中，It是形式主语，此时一般不用sure
e.g.: It is certain that he will come. Wrong：It is sure that he will come
5. (P2, line7) Altogether, three men would be responsible.
altogether adj. 完全地，总共，总而言之
○1You owe me $50 ~. = in all
○2I don’t ~ agree with you. =completely
○3The food was good, and we loved the atmosphere.
A~ it was a great evening. =In a word
6. responsible adj. 对…负责.
e.g.: Who is responsible for this terrible mess?
Last month's bad weather was responsible for the crop failure.
be responsible for sb./sth./doing sth. 对…应付责任
Paul is directly responsible for the efficient running of the office.
Her department is responsible for overseeing the councils.
be responsible to sb./sth.
e.g.: In Australia, the Prime Minister and the Cabinet of
Ministers are responsible to the House of Representatives.
responsibility
n. 责任
[+ to infinitive] It's her responsibility to ensure the project finishes on time.
She takes her responsibilities as a nurse very seriously.
have responsibility
e.g.: Who has responsibility here?
Jenny, you have responsibility for clearing up the room after the class.
Terrorists have claimed responsibility for (= stated that they caused) yesterday's bomb attack.
The minister took/accepted full responsibility for (= admitted that he was to blame for) the disaster and resigned.
7. (P2, line11) It took more than two decades, though, until 1951, for ... to begin ...
It takes sb./sth. some time to do sth
It takes some time for ... to do sth
e.g.: It took a few minutes for his eyes to adjust to the dark. 过了好几分钟他的眼睛才适应了黑暗。
8. though
conj. 1) 虽然
She hasn‘t phoned, even though she said she would.
2) 但是
They're coming next week, though I don't know which day.
adv. despite this: 可是,不过
We were at school together. I haven't seen her for years though.
as if/though 似乎,仿佛
She looked as if she'd had some bad news.
I felt as though I'd been lying in the sun for hours.
They stared at me as if I was crazy.
even though 尽管
Even though he left school at 16, he still managed to become prime minister.
9. (P2, line16)... but it took 50 years before 66 per cent of American households had it.
天黑了之后，我们才到达那个小镇。
It was evening before we reached the little town.
没过多久，他就说出了真相。
It was not long before he told the truth.
还没等讲座开始，我就悄悄溜出去了。
I slipped out before the lecture began.
10. (P2, line19)Some consider digital TV to be superior to satellite TV because it allows the same services to be delivered with clearer pictures than before.(P2) 有人认为数字电视优于卫星电视,因为数字电视传播的电视图像更清晰.
1)consider
v. [I or T] 考虑,仔细考虑
Don't make any decisions before you've considered the matter.
Have you considered what you'll do if you don't get the job?
We're considering selling the house.
She's being considered for the job.
I'd like some time to consider before I make a decision.
v. [T] 考虑到,顾及
You've got to consider the time element when planning the whole project.
If you consider how long he's been learning the piano, he's not very good.
v. [T often + object + (to be) + noun or adjective] 认为……
He is currently considered (to be) the best British athlete.
We don't consider her suitable for the job.
It is considered bad manners in some cultures to speak with your mouth full of food.
I consider myself lucky that I only hurt my arm in the accident.
Do you consider him a friend of yours?
She considers (that) she has done enough to help already.
v. [T] 顾及(他人的感受等)
Have you considered your mother and how she's going to feel about you leaving?
She never considers anyone but herself - she's totally selfish!
consideration
n. [C or U] 顾及
It may be fairly cheap to buy, but you've got to take into consideration the money you'll spend on repairs.
Comfort/Safety is an important consideration.
n. [U] 考虑
After some consideration, we've decided to sell the house.
The whole matter needs (to be given) careful consideration.
12. (P2, line19) be superior to better in quality or value than sb./sth. else; greater than sb./sth. else; higher in rank, importance or position
[≠be inferior to]
Your computer is far superior to mine.
你的电脑比我的强多了。
在我看来, 手工制作的裤子要比机器加工的好.
In my opinion, trousers made by hand are superior to those made by machines.
就这两本书而言, 我认为这本比那本更好.
Of the two books, I think this one is superior to that.
另外, superior还可以作名词, 意思是 “上级”, “长者”. 如:
我们需要一 封你们领导写的推荐信.
We will need a letter of recommendation from one of your superiors.
2) be superior to
adj. 优于
This is clearly the work of a superior artist.
She was chosen for the job because she was the superior candidate.
For all babies, breastfeeding is far superior to bottlefeeding.
The government troops were superior in numbers (= There were more of them).
有优越感的
a superior manner/smile
I can't bear Amanda - she's so superior.
n. [C], adj. 上级,地位高的
I will pass your complaint on to my superiors.
The soldier was reported to his superior officer for failing in his duties.
He is my immediate ~.他是我的顶头上司
13) allow
v. [T] 允许
[+ to infinitive] Do you think Dad will allow you to go to Jamie's party?
You're not allowed to talk during the exam.
The government has refused to allow foreign journalists into the area for several weeks.
[+ ing form of verb] Smoking is not allowed in this restaurant.
[+ two objects] He didn't allow us enough time to finish the test.
Red Cross officials were allowed access to the prison for the first time a few days ago.
UK The referee decided to allow (= officially accept) the goal.
[R] At the weekend I allow myself (= I permit myself the special pleasure of having) a box of chocolates.
How much time do you allow yourself (= make available to yourself) to get ready in the morning?
v. [+ that] 承认 ,同意
She allowed that she might have been too suspicious.
allow for sth.
phrasal verb:考虑,顾及
We allowed for living expenses of 20 a day.
[+ ing form of verb] You should allow for the plane being delayed.
We have to allow for the possibility that we might not finish on schedule.
allow of sth.
phrasal verb: If a rule or situation allows of sth., it permits it: 允许
This rule allows of no exceptions.
The evidence allows of only one interpretation - he was murdered by his wife.
14. This machine is superior in many respects to that one. 这台机器在很多方面比那台好。
He is always superior to hardships.
不屈服于艰难困苦
a superior officer/court 上司/上级法院
He always feels superior/inferior (to others). 他总是感觉高人一等/低人一等。
Their performance was inferior to that of other teams. 他们的表现不如其他队好。
superior n. 长者, 高手, 上级
immediate superiors 顶头上司
15.(P3, line32)... the record player had to be wound up by hand and only played a record for two minutes. 当时的唱机是手摇的，而且只能播放两分钟的录像。
wind - wound - wound 缠绕,卷起;上发条;蜿蜒: to turn or twist
e.g.: Wind the bandage(绷带) around your finger.
He wound the wool into a ball.
I hate watches that you have to wind.我讨厌上发条的手表
Remember to wind the clock every night before you go to bed if you do not want it to stop.
wind n. 风，气流, 打嗝
wind v.（winded, winded）使（某人）气急，打嗝
wind v. (wound, wound) 蜿蜒；缠绕,；上发条；卷起
a river winding (its way) through a valley / along the coast. 在山谷中/沿海岸线蜿蜒的河流
a winding path 蜿蜒的小路
wind up 给……上发条;使某人高度兴奋
wind down (钟表)慢下来,停住; (人)松弛下来
The snake wound its way to the hole. 蜿蜒而行
He forgot to wind his watch. 给…上发条
wind up
1）结束：Before I wind up, there are two more things to say.
2）处理：She wound up her affairs before leaving the country.
wind down ：
1) 钟表等慢下后停住2) 放松；松弛
e.g. This year is rather busy for me---I need a
holiday to wind down.
16. n. [U] 控制
at hand在手边，即将来临（指时间、空间上接近）
by hand用手工
in hand（指金钱等）在手上（可供使用）；在控制中
out of hand失控
on hand现有在手头（=同in hand）;即将发生（=同at hand）
on (the) one hand…., on the other hand…… e.g.: I don’t have my diary to hand.
to hand在手头
give / lend sb. a hand帮某人一个忙
have a hand in 插手、参与
from hand to hand从一人之手转到另一人之手
from hand to mouth仅够糊口
hand sb sth = hand sth to sb把….递给某人
hand over移交（权利、责任等）
hand in交上来
hand out分发
hand down（将传统，风俗等）传给后世
hand back交回，交还
shake hands with sb=shake sb. by the hand与某人握手
hand sth. around (UK ALSO hand round) 四处分发
18. (P3, line34)... a completely new concept was introduced when the first WebTV set-top boxes came onto the market.
-- become available for people to buy
这种新产品一上市，很快就脱销了。
When the new product came onto the market, it was soon out of stock.
The manufacturers say the device will be on the market by May.
在出售，可买到
19. (P3, line40)They bought the patent and applied the technology to create the transistor radio.
vt. to bring or put into use or operation应用 apply ... to (prep.) ...
e.g.: Scientific discoveries are often applied to industrial processes. 科学上的发明通常都应用于工业生产过程。
这项研究成果将应用于肺癌的治疗.
The results of this research will be applied to the treatment of lung cancer.
vi. 申请 apply (to sb.) for ...
他向学校申请奖学金.
He has applied to the school for a scholarship.
Fletcher applied ___ the company ____ the post of Peter’s secretary.
applicant 申请者
application 申请, 应用
the application of this theory to actual economic practice这个理论在实际经济实践中的应用
apply for sth to sb向某人申请某物
apply to (sb /sth )(与某人/某物)有关; 有效; 适用于……
apply oneself to (doing) sth集中精力做某事
apply apply to sb. for sth. 申请，请求
e.g.: The new technology was applied to farming.
使用，应用
apply the cream （乳霜）to your face 涂，敷
fill in the application
20. (P3, line49)In the following years, more CD recordings became available, and in 1988, for the first time ever, people were demanding more CDs than LPs.(page 3, lines 48-49)
demand need, to need in order to be successful
demand+n/ prnoun/ to infinitive/object clause
e.g.: 教师的工作需要极大的细心和耐心.
The work of a teacher demands great care and patience.
她要求跟经理谈话.
She demanded to speak to the manager.
他要求将一切都告诉他.
He demands that he (should) be told everything.
by popular demands由于许多人的要求,由于普遍要求
in demand需求量大,有需求
meet /satisfy one’s demands /needs满足某人的需求
make demands on sb对某人提出要求
on demand 一经要求
demand sth要求, 需求……
demand to do sth要求做……
demand that 从句( 谓语为should+动词原形, should 可省略) 要求……
n. the need or desire / a very firm request for...
demand for ... in (great) demand
the growing demand for pasta in the UK
their demand for higher salaries
All these skills are much in demand in society. 有需要，吃香
supply and demand
demanding adj.费力的，需要技能的； 苛求的，要求过高的
a demanding job费力的工作
a demanding boss 苛求的, 要求高的老板
21. （P3， line 54）…the popularity ... has increased to such a degree that major corporations are taking over the ... market with ...
degree
e.g.: Water freezes at 0°C.(zero degrees centigrade)
度,度数(温度单位)
Her job demands a high degree of skill.程度
I agree with you to a certain degree.在某种程度上
She received a doctor’s degree.(大学)学位
By degree their friendship grew into love.
=slowly and gradually
22. (P3, line55)…taking over the portable music player market with MP3 players.
take over= hand over
e.g.: Maria's been my partner since I took business over from my father.
People are wondering who’s going to take when the old dictator(独裁者) dies.
On his retirement, he handed business over to his son.
take after（外貌）相像; 追赶
take along随身携带
take apart 拆卸，拆开take aside vt. 把……带到旁边
take away 拿走，带走
take back拿回，收回
take down 写下，记下；拿下，放下
take for 把...误认为 We took him for dead. 我们原以为他死了。
take in欺骗；吸收，理解
take it easy 别紧张
take one’s time不急，慢慢来
take off 起飞；脱下;成功，成名
take on 承担；呈现；雇佣
take out 拿出，取出
take over 接收，接管
take to 喜欢，开始从事
take up 拿起，举起；开始从事，着手处理；继续；占用（时间、空间）
take…by surprise使吃惊
take…for… vt. 把……当作……,把……视为
take….for granted认为…理所当然
take for example/ instance以….为例
take…in one’s arm拥抱
take a rest/ bath / a look at
take a deep breath深吸一口气
take (an) interest in对…感兴趣
take a lesson from从…中吸取教训
take a message for ab.给…捎个信儿
take a risk/ risks 冒险
take a sip喝一小口
take a /one’s seat坐下，坐好
take chance碰运气
take action采取行动
take care of 照顾，照料
take charge of负责，主管
take/ have exams参加考试
take exercise做运动
take hold of抓住，握住
take …into account/ consideration把…考虑进去
take/ have medicine服药
take note/ notice of注意
take notes作笔记
take one’s time别急，慢慢来
take/ follow one’s advice采纳…的建议
take part in/ take an active part in积极参加
take pictures/ photos照相
take /have pity on sb同情…
take place发生
take pleasure in doing sth喜欢做…
take possession of拥有，占有
take power当权，执政
take office就职，上任
take pains下工夫，花力气
take pride in以…为荣
take one’s place/ seat代替
take sb/ sth seriously 认真对待…
take the place of代替，取代
take turns to do/ at doing轮流做…
take the side of支持某人（方）
take sides in站在…一边
take trouble费事
22. (P3, line57)music websites have sprung up all over the Internet …
spring – sprang/sprung - sprung
spring up--to suddenly appear or start to exist突然出现,涌现,迅猛发展
e.g.: Dozens of websites have sprung up to provide information for travelers. 几十家给旅行者提供信息的网站涌现出来
A breeze sprang up. 突然吹起一阵微风。
spring out of bed
spring to one’s feet (=stand up suddenly)
spring n. 春天；弹簧, 发条；泉
24. Personally, I think people might have found it quite a delight when color TV was first broadcast in 1929.
e.g.: personally就本人而言，就个人而言
person – personal – personally – personality – personalize
eg. personal possessions／affairs个人财产／私事
make a personal appearance亲自做
Personally (speaking), I prefer the second opinion.
All the letters will be answered personally.亲自
people with strong personalities 个性坚强的人
a personalized signature 个性化的签名
25. (P5)delight n. 高兴，巨大的喜悦；乐事
It is a delight to do sth.
laugh with delight
to one's delight / to the delight of sb.
take delight in (doing) sth. 喜爱, 以...为乐
e.g.: Chris takes great delight in teasing his sister. Chris以戏弄妹妹为乐。
It was a delight to see him so fit and healthy.
delight v. delight sb. with sth.
e.g.: He delights his audiences with his wit and humor. 他以机智和幽默来愉悦观众。
delighted adj.高兴的；愉快的delightful
be delighted at /to do / in doing喜欢做…
e.g.: have a delightful time
I was delighted to hear the news of your success.
be delighted with/at/by ...
26. It is reported that in 1998, 66 percent of house holds in the USA had cable TV.(P5)
It is reported/said/believed/thought…=sb./sth. is reported/ said/ believed/ thought…to do,此时要注意动词不定式的时态和语态.
e.g.: It is said that 125,000 people died in Russia as a result of illness caused by this accident. 据说，在俄罗斯有125，000人死于由这次事故引起的疾病。=125,000 people were said to have died in Russia as a result of illness caused by this accident.
It is reported that there was a bad traffic accident in India last week.
It is told that he will take a trip abroad.
It is believed that the girl will be fit for the office.
It is suggested that the government do something against pollution.
27. (P5) assume V.
assuming Conj 假设
assumed adj. 假的
尚未证实他有罪，我们就得①假定他是清白
We must assume him to be innocent until he is
proved guilty.
②开始从事；承担
~ one’s responsibility 承担责任；
assume office 就职
③假装
~ a look of indifference 假装不在乎
~ an air of concern 假意关心
Assuming it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?
living under an assumed name 使用假名字活着
28. (P5) These things will bring great convenience and delight to people’s lives.
e.g.: For your convenience, the bank is open until 7 p.m. 为了方便起见.
at your convenience 在你需要时
household conveniences 家庭便利用具
convenience food(s)/store
Would this evening be convenient for/to you?
It is convenient for sb. to do sth.
convenient
adj. 方便的
Our local shop has very convenient opening hours.
A bike's a very convenient way of getting around.
[+ that] It's very convenient that you live near the office.
[+ to infinitive] I find it convenient to be able to do my banking by phone.
What time would it be convenient for me to come round?
NOTE: The opposite is inconvenient.
靠近的,易到达或使用的
30. record n. 记录；成绩；履历
v. 记录，记载；录音，录象
recording n. 录音，录音制品
recorder n. 录音机
record player 电唱机
归纳拓展
an official record of the accident事故的正式记录
a school record学业成绩
his employment record他的工作经历
break/beat the record破记录
set up the record创记录
hold the record 保持记录
keep a record of sth把……记录下来
make a record制作唱片
make a recording of录制……
make a recording of “ 录制”.
又如:
昨天我们对三位经验丰富的教师的讲课进行了录制.
Yesterday, we made a recording of lessons given by three experienced teachers.
record n “记录, 记载”
你花了多少钱要记个帐.
Keep a record of how much you spend.
31. age
1.at the age of
2.the nuclear age/the modern age 现代/核子时代
（历史上的）时代，时期
3. I’ve waited for ages. 我等候很久了． =a long time
４.They have two children aged 6and 8. …岁
32. launch
1. ~ a campaign/ an attack开始从事，发动
2. ~ one’s latest novel发行
Homework:
1. Read the text again and again. Try to memorize the language points.
2. Do Parts A and B on pages 106 & 107 of the Workbook.