一. 文章的套路结构:（局限于说明文章，议论文章。）
1. 结论说明型
A．文章开始出现一个结论，后为对他的解释
B.TS(topical sentence即主题句)即为为结论出现支出；注意特别容易的情况是每一段之主题句是该段首句。
C.什么是“判断句”？---通常很重要，判断结论说明型靠判断句，直指主题
a.系表结构:be. remain
b.含有作者的态度和评价，注意可能有自由褒贬词
2.新老观点型
A.判断标志:
文章开始不久就出现了老观点,例如:
it was traditionally assumed?
it was once / usually believed?
Many ××believed that?
Many ××have argued?
It was frequently assumed that?
It was universally accepted that?
过去.传统.大家一致公认的观点,都是老观点。
B.TS:陈述新观点的句子。
C.新观点特征:
对同一focus给出不同的解释。
读到老观点的时候,应该停下来想一想,新观点可能是什么样子,从而往下有目的地寻找。
3.现象解释型
A.判断标志:首段给出一个自然的或社会的现象,往往很古怪,下文对其做出解释。
B.可能有多种解释,TS:作者给了正评价的解释。
C.需要注意的是:
a.可能先给出几个错误的(作者持负评价),最后一个才是正确的(正平价)。
b.可能所有解释作者全都不喜欢。
4.问题解决.回答型
A.判断标志:
a.手段出现了设问句。
b.首段出现了以下词语:problem difficulty task puzzle 等
B.TS:作者给出正评价的解决方案。
5.其他类的文章
前班部分是以上四种结构之一,后半部分讲了一些与前面无关的内容。
TS在前面,从前面不从后面
二.做题的几条原则
1.先读文章后做题也可以先看题在看文章，建议仔细看全文，才能把握主题不至于上当
2.不能凭印象,或自己的知识背景做题。这点我很有感触，作题不能想当然
2. 做细节题:必须找原文语言重现,正确选项为原文的精确改写。（难大题目用选项中的关键词语，扫描全文，此外在读原文时有意识的记一下
三．平常复习的建议
1．复杂句式――重点训练。推荐王若平的大学难句和考研难句，随便哪本都可以。价格好象是20大元。难句重点训练省略，倒装，复杂从句，等
2. 生词.词组:注意熟词僻义
3. 注意对找主题句绝对敏感；
4.重点把握:A文章结构；B作者态度。
具体作题思维：
下面是我的习惯。希望网友斧正
1. 第一遍读文章的时候,第一段的1-2句要重读，可能出主题，或是1-2句本身是作者要批驳的标把
其后几段
1)例子,注意考 in order to 题型,答案或前或后,例子的目的要比例子本身重要。如果细节题要注意选乡有变化，出题老师不会送分给你
2)“:” “--” 同义重复 “；” 相当于顺接连词
3)顺接连词:moreover ,furthermore等。
a. 前后作者态度一致,可以用于旁证作者态度；
b. 前面如果有不认识的动词或者形容词,后句还可以作挣扎；
c. 如果全段都没有结构连词,则缺省为顺接关系,段首为主句。
4)让步语气:
让步之后必有转折,转折部分一定要读懂强转折很可能出题；
如果转折句没有读懂,则回过头去看让步部分,取他的相反即可这样还是可以读懂句子。
5)观点.说法:
具体内容可以快速略去,关键要把握代表人物.作者态度。作者态度很重要，很可能出题
2.选项处理
1)直选法:精确定位是关键。
2)正确选项必须是原文的精确改写:
a.主动词:与原文同义或者近义；
b.直接宾语；
c.范畴:包括各种状语(时间.地点等).作用范围.人物群体等等。
3.排除法:
1)最重要的是文字对应法；
2)先应该纵向扫描选项,如果在讲同一对象,则先回原文定位,再做选择。
四.重点语言现象
1. 主题句
2. 每段的主体词、关键词（两三个）
3. 强对比（肯定、绝对要出题1)unlike, in contrast to, be distinguish from
2)时间:once, now, new, nowadays, current ideas, until, recently, past,
in 1950’s?
3)最高级,唯一性
最高级:most, uttermost, foremost, least, always, never, first, last, all, every, any, each, none, -est
唯一性:only, sole, unique, exclusively, mere
关联对比词：a. Unlike（相反）b. Contrast c. On the other hand d. On the contrary
4. 强转折
虽然：However/While
但是：But, Yet, Whereas
In fact-Actually2. 强因果
Because/Since/For/冒号/分号
表所以：Thus/Hence/Therefore/Lead to/Result in/Result from/Lie in
表结论：Conclude/Conclusion/Conclusive
表后果：Consequent/Consequence
5. 强调词、强调性语言
1) 最高级
顺序最高级：First
频率最高级：Always/Never
程度最高级：Foremost/Uttermost/Utmost
2) 唯一性
Only/Sole(ly)/Unique(ly)/Exclusive(ly)/Alone(后置)
3) 比较级
More than/Less than/As…as…/Similar to/The same as
慎重对待题肢中的最高级、比较级
6. 专有名词
人名、物种（动植物）、化学物质、地名
Nevertheless-Nonetheless
Rather-Instead
Despite-In spite of
注意：
极端转折（最后半句是想说的）
多重转折三中标点符号
引号（引用某人原话；表强调；表负评价）--易出题
括号、破折号--表插入、补充、解释
6. 判断句（定性结论、提纲挈领）（可能是主题体）
1) 系动词、情态动词
Be/Remain/Seem/Can/Cannot/May/Might
2) 自由褒贬词
例：His (brazen/penetrating) view (successfully/curiously) changed our attitude
第二部分 题目类型
一.主题题型
(一)问main idea, primary purpose，title,etc
1.正确选项必须具备三个特征:
①有focus； ②无细节； ③态度与原文一致
--能找到TS则直接改写,找不到依据这三个特征使用排除法
2.先看选项的主体动词,迅速排除干扰项
①presentation型的文章
present, describe, explain, illustrate, point out?（此只是技巧有时靠不住）
②argumentation型的文章
evaluate, criticize, refute, challenge, counter, correct
--出现了则优先选（此只是技巧有时靠不住）
(二)问focus: 应直接定位TS
需要注意以下几点:
后面出现大段无关论述时:主题“从前不从后”；
从面TS已对某事物给了正态度,末尾再作转折,说一些毛病,缺点,这是倒让步,而不是文章的重点,不用考虑！
二.作者态度题型
态度题的做法：
判断依据：
1判断句（系动词、情态动词、自由褒贬词）前面两个好理解，自由褒贬词一说是新东方老师的称呼，这也是他教的方法。通过找它对判断作者态度很有作用，但前提是你对全文的结构逻辑把握的比较好，单纯通过自由褒贬词的判断还是不很保险，但这是一个思路，考研英语的语言难度不是太大，还是好判断的
2某些某些名人说话引号中的形容词或副词表评价（注意我上次改正的帖子，我也贴在这里
所谓名人态度题分两种，
1是问某人态度，可能出某人的ATTITUDE NOT INCLUDE。。。？ 2是主题的态度，借名人来造势
这就出现了
1作者的意见和名人的一致，要注意全文的起承转合，比较明显的词FOR EXAMPLE SUCH。。AS 。。SUCH AS。等等很多，自己平常作题时有意识记一下，只要知道下面的话是用来支持观点的，所以我说，例子的的目的要重要于例子本身，这种题容易丢分。
2作者的意见和名人的不一致，有时名人的话只是给文章好开个头，批的就是他。这就是观点对立式主题文章的类型，在文中的明显的词有：IS TEMPTED TO SAY，IT IS PRESUMELY BELIEVEED THAT 。。。等等，平常作题时有意识记一下，注意观点对立式这里就一定出现了意思的强转折，例如HOWER，BUT ，WHILE，ON THE CONTRARY 等等。而且在阐述作者本身观点时可能会有自由褒贬词，一定要小心呀
3一些实义动词表评价，尤其在讲原理，或研究的文章中：（我举了一些实际远不止这么多，建议自己总结一下
a. 负：fail to/overestimate/underestimate/exaggerate/
misinterpret/misrepresent/ignore/neglect/overlook
b. 正：find/discover/show/demonstrate/prove/confirm/determine
4） 让步：前半句是假话；后半句是真正要说的，转折：一般大负小正原则上以大为准兼顾小的，如果选乡中只有大的以大为准。
a. It is true/correct; Of course
b. No doubt; Undoubtedly
c. 助动词do/may/seem/appear
5） 从大不从小原则：从全文来讲，看前面、开头或主题讲的是什么评价。
2. 做题注意事项：
1） 避免极端选项，太激进的选乡，请注意极端选项排除法只是个辅助的方法，适用范围较窄。
2） 混和评价的正确选项的表达方式：
a. …but/and…
如：critical but admiring（大正小负）
correct but limited correct and incomplete
b. 由修饰词所限定的评价词：
partially (correct); qualified (approval)（打了折扣的，有限制的）；
guarded (criticism) （慎重的）；tentative (acceptance)（暂时的，尝试性的）
reluctant (criticism)（不情愿的）；enthusiasm tempered by minor reservation
还有INFER 题我真的对他没什么把握，他对应试者的素质要求很高。
三.该拿分的定位题
--需要重点练习迅速定位.精确改写的技巧！！细节题目有时考的很偏应尽量拿分再次提醒不要用背景知识答题。
1．in order to题型(example的作用？)
①原文先总结,后example,则应该往前定位
标志:for example/for instance/such as/like
②原文先example,后总结归纳,则应该往后定位
标志:thus, hence, conclusion
③如果没有任何标志,则前后为顺接关系,一般为先结论后举例,往前定位
2强对比取非题
①简单强对化
unlike, in contrast to, compared with
②时间强对比---时间可能有变化，比如原文1970S，选项为30 DECADES AGO，等等
3．态度题
4．主题问TITLE题
5，决大多数细节题，关键看你的敏感度和瞬间记忆，作完主题题再查找也可以。
本人做阅读两遍操作
下面说说我的思维过程（很多是新东方教的再结合网友经验）：
1第一段详细读,集中最高注意力的读,每一句都读（因为判断套路60%看第一段能做出个预测）.
2 每段首句好好读,尽可能多的把握其用意,尤其是和文章结构的关系,在这样结构的文章中充当什么角色 如果这一段写的是观点,则一定要读,不仅要读,还要思考,思考它在全文中的作用,思考它的启承转合。重点要读读新观点 如果这一段是个研究,试验,则明白它的研究对象, 看到启程转合,凝神静看。放慢速度. 如果这一段写的是观点,则一定要读,不仅要读,还要思考,思考它在全文中的作用,思考它的启承转合!其中重点读新观点,旧观点略! 如果这一段讲的是个具体的内容,进程,事件,原理...则基本不要读,知道他讲什么就够了!读转折词,这是为了看看是否有意外的观点!没有,则可以做题了! 遇到however ,in fact ,is driven to, purpose of, instead of, not...but..., unlike, contrast. 等等等有指导意义的词组,要慢读,并且使劲记住主体词!
例如涉及到谁,反对了什么。全文中for example, for instance等不读.想一下是针对谁举的例 子就可以,记住,例子的目的远远比内容要重要. 末句之重要!因为文章该结束了,作者一般在这 个时候必须给读者一个交待,所以通常讲出一些比较有指导意义的话! 对于文章末句要予以高度关注,尤其是末断的让步!一般不能撼动前面作者一直持续的态度,只是作者为了严谨客观起见的阐述.
3。同时划记号
如：
主题结构类(主题.organization.各段作用.各段结构.态度.写作；)
in order to题,imply题,所以遇到in order to一定要笔记；
大写名词,斜体字,一定要记
强对比(rather than. unlike.)
列举,3个以上的列举
连词(not..but..; not only..but also.. ;no longer ..but
缺陷,尤其是unless怎样怎样,就更好,一定要笔记
最后还有细节题。这种题型相对有一些难度,但是如果对段落的把握比较好,就好定。这要求在读文的时候有意识记住，对瞬间记忆要求高
4读完后不急作题，花10秒理一下思路和结构，先做主题题 INORDER TO 提等和全文有关的题目
5。细节题目，第二遍查找式阅读因为对主题把握的好，又记录了一些细节，所以相对速度还凑活
后记：
方法不是绝对，怎么方便怎么来，这也是我主持这次讨论的原因，对自己一段时间的学习做个检讨，总结。我的这些意见只提供参考，总之，作题，分析是为了提高分数，方法不是绝对，怎么方便怎么来，但我建议大家还是学会预测。顶级高手确实一遍就过，
实战演练：
(1)
With only about 1, 000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone(克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物种). That’s a move similar to what a Texas A & M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noah’s Ark”.
Noah’s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos(胚胎), semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A & M’s College of Veterinary Medicine, says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.
It is estimated that as many as 2, 000 species of mammals, birds reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.
This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.
The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.
“The nuclear transfer(核子移植) of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available(capable of being used) panda eggs could be a major problem,” Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy (having a baby). It takes a long time and it’s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort,” adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Project at Texas A& M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.
“They are trying to do something that’s never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noah’s Ark. We’re both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly appreciate their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. It’s a research that is very much needed.”
1. The aim of “Noah’s Ark” project is to _______.
A. make efforts to clone the endangered pandas
B. save endangered animals from dying out
C. collect DNA of endangered animals to study
D. transfer the nuclear of one animal to another
2. According to Professor Kraemer, the major problem in cloning pandas would be the lack of _______.
A. available panda eggs B. host animals
C. qualified researchers D. enough money
3. The best title for the passage may be _______.
A. China’s Success in Pandas Cloning
B. The First Cloned Panda in the World
C. Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas
D. China -the Native Place of Pandas Forever
4. From the passage we know that _______.
A. Kraemer and his team have succeeded in cloning a dog
B. scientists try to implant a panda’s egg into a rabbit
C. Kraemer will work with Chinese scientists in clone researches
D. about two thousand of species will probably die out in a century
【答案与解析】本文讲述中国正在竭力克隆濒临绝种的熊猫，这和Texas A & M University 的Noah's Ark(诺亚方舟)工程极为相似，都是想拯救濒临灭绝的动物。
1. B。语义理解题。从第2段内容可知，“诺亚方舟”工程的目标是把濒临灭绝的动物的蛋(卵)、胚胎、精液和DNA储存在液体氮中，如果某一种动物濒临灭绝时，将来可以重现这一动物。
2. A。细节题。从第6段第1句话 The nuclear transfer(核子移植) of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available (capable of being used ) panda eggs could be a major problem 可以做出正确判断。
3. C。主旨题。从文章内容来看，无论是中国还是世界克隆熊猫还没有成功，所以排除A、B项；D项内容明显与文章内容不符，故排除。所以“探索克隆熊猫的可能性”应该是这篇文章的标题。
4. D。判断题。此题B项的干扰性较强，但由于它没有说明是Chinese scientists，所以应排除。A、C项明显与原文不符。根据文章第3段第1句可知答案非D莫属。
(2)
Want a glance of the future of health care? Take a look at the way the various networks of people about patient care are being connected to one another, and how this new connectivity is being exploited to deliver medicine to the patient -no matter where he or she may be.
Online doctors offering advice based on normal symptoms(症状) are the most obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis(远程诊断) will be based on real physiological data(生理数据) from the actual patient. A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using personal data assistance plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly practical to send a patient’s important signs over the telephone. With this kind of equipment, the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past.
Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicine to rural(countryside) care. And at least one team wants to use telemedicine as a tool for disaster need-especially after earthquakes. On the whole, the trend is towards providing global access to medical data and experts’ opinions.
But there is one problem. Bandwidth(宽带) is the limiting factor for sending complex(复杂的) medical pictures around the world - CT photos being one of the biggest bandwidth users. Communication satellites may be able to deal with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes or wars. But medicine is looking towards both the second-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for the future of remote medical service.
Doctors have met to discuss computer-based tools for medical diagnosis, training and telemedicine. With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, experts’ opinions and diagnosis are common.
1. The writer chiefly talks about _______.
A. the use of telemedicine B. the on-lined doctors
C. medical care and treatment D. communication improvement
2. The basis of remote diagnosis will be _______.
A. personal data assistance
B. some words of a patient
C. real physiological information
D. medical pictures from the Internet
3. Which of the following statements is true according to the text？
A. Patients don’t need doctors in hospitals any more.
B. It is impossible to send a patient’s signs over the telephone.
C. Many teams use telemedicine dealing with disasters now.
D. Broadband communications will become cheaper in the future.
4. The “problem” in the fourth paragraph refers to the fact that _______.
A. bandwidth isn’t big enough to send complex medical pictures
B. the second-generation of Internet has not become popular yet
C. communication satellites can only deal with short-term needs
D. there is not enough equipment for spreading the medical care
【答案与解析】本文主要讲述人们将来可以通过网上看病，医生可以根据病人的生理数据做出远程诊断。随着第二代因特网和第三代移动手机为将来的远程医疗服务，尤其是宽带网交流价格的下降，远程医疗和医药信息、专家意见和诊断共享将成为家常便饭。
1. A。主旨题。第2段和第3段的内容，可知最佳答案为A。
2. C。细节题。从第2段第2句话中的…remote diagnosis(远程诊断) will be based on real physiological data(生理数据) from the actual patient 可以做出正确判断。
3. D。判断题。网上可以看病并不就是说病人去医院不需要医生，排除A项；通过电话发送病人的信息是可行的，排除B项；现在至少有一个医疗队想用远程医疗来治疗疾病，C项也不对；根据文章最后一句话With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, experts’ opinions and diagnosis are common 可以肯定答案是D。
4. A。推断题。根据第4段第2句话 Bandwidth(宽带) is the limiting factor for sending complex(复杂) medical pictures around the world - CT photos being one of the biggest bandwidth users可知答案为A。
(3)
Scientists are uncovering the secrets of two port cities lost under the waters of the Mediterranean Sea, a researcher said yesterday.
Herakleion and Menouthis were rich and proud cities until something reduced them to rubble (碎石) and buried them in the mud beneath 30 feet of sea water, French underwater explorer Franck Goddio said at the American Geophysical Union conference.
“This is a mystery that is ongoing,” said Goddio, a founder of the European Institute of Marine Archeology, a Paris-based underwater research organization backed by the wealthy Hilti Foundation of Liechtenstein(列支敦士登基金会).
The destruction of the twin port cities has haunted Goddio ever since he happened upon the site about 15 miles from Alexandria while exploring sunken ships from Napoleon’s fleet.
Goddio and his group of expert divers, marine archeologists(海洋考古学家) and others, are using high powered vacuums, satellite navigation systems and sophisticated sonar(声纳) to excavate(挖掘) the sunken cities from underneath a carpet of silt about one meter (three feet) high.
Walls of shops, remains of streets and gold artifacts have been found and recovered.
Some experts believe that the port cities were destroyed by a series of massive earthquakes, much like the quakes scientists believe felled Troy(特洛伊城), Jericho and other ancient cities. The uniform direction of the collapsed columns and walls suggest an earthquake, Goddio said, but no fault lines have been found nearby.
Other researchers believe a massive wave, caused by either an offshore earthquake or a distant underwater landslide, could explain the catastrophe. Still others think rising seas and a shift in the Nile River outlet doomed the cities.
“The argument, as you can see, continues,” Goddio said.
1. The reason why the two port cities disappeared under the waters of Mediterranean Sea is that ______.
A. the two port cities were destroyed by huge earthquakes
B. the disappearance of the two port cities was caused by underwater landslide
C. rising seas and a shift in the Nile River outlet doomed the cities
D. the story didn’t tell us at all
2. From the story we can draw a conclusion that _______.
A. the two port cities were famous for their wealth and the mystery
B. the two cities belonged to France
C. some mysterious creatures from other planets destroyed the two cities
D. the American Geophysical Union conference was once held in one of the two cities
3. This article is probably from _______.
A. a scientific magazine
B. a report to the government
C. a school text book
D. a scientific report in a newspaper
(1-3 DBD)
【答案与解析】本文报道了人们对法国地中海中的两座城市沉如海底的各种推测。
1. D。推断题。文章只对城市下沉的原因作了一些推测但未作出结论。由此可推知此题答案为D。
2. B。推断题。根据文章中所提到的与之相关的名称，如：French underwater explorer Franck Goddio, a Paris-based underwater research organization, Napoleon’s fleet可推知此题答案为B。
3. D。推断题。文章讨论地中海中的两座城市下沉的原因，显然与地质科学有关，故选D。注意不宜选A，一个显然的因素是第1段中出现的yesterday。
(4)
Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia(痴呆) in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones(荷尔蒙) , U.S. reseachers reported on Thursday.
Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer’s(早老痴呆症). University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.
“Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy(怀孕) are protecting the brain, including estrogen(雌激素), which we know has many neuroprotective (保护神经的) effects,” Kinsley said.
“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,” he added in a telephone interview. “They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes.”
Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer’s and other forms of age-related brain decline.
“When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down,” said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida.
“They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant-that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations(改变) to the brain.”
1. How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”?
A. Some researchers have told them.
B. Many women say so.
C. They know it by experimenting on rats.
D. They know it through their own experience.
2. What does the phrase “litters of pups” mean in the second paragraph?
A. Baby rats. B. Animals. C. Old rats. D. Grown-up rats.
3. What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage?
A. Estrogen. B. The hormones of pregnancy.
C. More exercise. D. Taking care of children.
4. “It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals.” What does the sentence suggest?
A. The experiments on the rats have nothing to do with humans.
B. The experiments on the rats are very important for animals.
C. The experiments on the rats are much the same on humans.
D. The experiments on the rats are much the same on other animals.
5. Which title is the best for this passage?
A. Do You Want to Be Smarter?
B. Motherhood Makes Women Smarter
C. Mysterious Hormones
D. An Important Study
【答案与解析】本文介绍了一个观点：母性特点能使妇女变得更加聪明灵敏。
1. C。细节题。根据Tests on rats show… 可知科学家是通过做老鼠实验得出这个结论的。
2. A。词义猜测题。后面的对比who have no babies，实际上提供了一个相反的情况，所以我们可以推测those who raise two or more litters of pups中的litters of pups指的是“刚出生不久的小老鼠”。
3. B。细节题。根据文章第 3 段中的 …the hormones of pregnancy(怀孕) are protecting the brain可得出答案。
4. C。句意理解题。科学家通过用老鼠做实验来说明人的问题。因为人和老鼠都属于哺乳动物，很多生理机能都相同。
5. B。主旨题。短文第 1 句 Motherhood may make women smarter 是主题句，据此我们可以得出答案。
(5)
To get cash out in the 21st century, you won’t need a bank card, a PIN(个人识别编号) or even have to move a finger. You will simply have to look the cash machine straight in the eye, declares National Cash Registers, a multinational company that makes automated teller machines, or ATMs. NCR has shown its first example machine that is believed to be the future of banking. Instead of asking you for your PIN on a screen, the Super Teller-Stella for short, asks you orally through a loudspeaker to look straight ahead while an infrared camera turns to your head, then your eye, and finally takes an infrared photograph of your iris(虹膜). For identification(识别) purposes, an iris picture is better than a fingerprint, with around 256 noticeable characteristics compared with 40 for fingerprints. This means that the chances of someone else being recognized in your place is about 1 in 1020. Once you’ve been identified, Stella greets you by name and says: “Would you like cash or a statement?” An infrared port allows the machine to send a bank statement straight to your pocket computer.
1. What does this passage mainly talk about?
A. A new medical instrument
B. A new type of talking machine.
C. A new type of cash machine.
D. National Cash Register
2. What is this new machine called?
A. Stella B. ATM C. PIN D. NCR
3. When you want to get cash out in the 21st century, you will _______.
A. need a bank card B. have to put in your PIN
C. move your finger D. just look directly at the teller machine
【答案解析】本文介绍了自动取款机的新型的识别储户方法。
1. C。主旨题。阅读全文可知本文介绍的是新型取款机的设计原理及工作方式，故选 C。
2. A。细节题。根据 Instead of asking you for your PIN on a screen, the Super Teller-Stella for short, asks you orally… 及 Once you’ve been identified, Stella greets you by name and says… 可知答案为 A。
3. D。细节题。根据 To get cash out in the 21st century, you won’t need a bank card, a PIN or even have to move a finger. You will simply have to look the cash machine straight in the eye,…可知仅仅径直看着取款机就可以了，故选答案 D。
(6)
Weather changes when the temperature and the amount of water in the atmosphere change. We can see and feel water coming from the atmosphere when we have rain. But the water must somehow get back to the atmosphere. Meteorologists call this the water cycle.
There are many stages in the water cycle. Rain falls when water vapour in clouds condenses(凝结). Drops of water form and fall to the ground. The water soaks into the ground and feeds streams and rivers. A lot of rain falls into the sea. The heat of the sun evaporates some of the water in the ground and in the rivers, lakes, and the sea. It changes the liquid water into water vapour. The vapour rises onto the air. Water vapour is normally invisible. On a very damp or humid day, however, you can sometimes see water vapour rising from a puddle(水坑) or pond in a mist(薄雾) above the water. Water vapour also gets into the air from living things. Trees and other plants take in water through their roots and give off water vapour from their leaves. People and land animals drink water and breathe out water vapour. In all these ways the water returns to the air. There it gathers to form clouds and condenses to form rain. The rain falls to earth, and the cycle starts again. It continues even if snow or hail(冰雹) fall instead because both eventually melt to form water. The amount of water vapour in the air depends on the temperature. The air is more moist(潮湿) in the tropics(热带) than in the cold polar regions.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Water cycle. B. Water vapour.
C. How rain forms. D. Water, vapour, rain.
2. How many ways of the water returning to the air are discussed in the text?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
3. Whether water vapour can be seen or not depends on _______.
A. how much water is evaporated B. how good your eyes are
C. in which way water is evaporated D. climate or weather
4. From the passage we get to know _______.
A. there is more water vapour in the air in the tropics than in cold polar regions
B. there is more water vapour in the air in cold polar region than in the tropics
C. it gets more rain in the tropics than in cold polar regions because there is less vapour
D. the amount of water vapour in the air depends on how often it rains
【答案与解析】本文阐述了水循环的全过程。
1. A。主旨题。文章第1段，特别是最后一句Meteorologists call this the water cycle. 已点明主题。
2. B。判断题。读完第2段，不难发现水返回空中的方式有3种：第1种是太阳蒸发地面上的水使之变成水蒸气返回空中；第2种是树和植物释放出的水蒸气；第3种是人和动物呼出的水蒸气。
3. D。语义理解题。从第2段第9句话On a very damp or humid day, however, you can sometimes see water vapour rising from a puddle(水坑) or pond in a mist(薄雾) above the water. 可以找到为什么。
4. A。判断题。根据最后一句话The air is more moist(潮湿) in the tropics(热带) than in the cold polar regions 可知答案。
(7)
Technology is the application(应用) of knowledge to production. Thanks to modern technology, we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force. New machines and new methods have helped cut down time and expense while increasing overall output. This has meant more production and a higher standard of living. For most of us in America, modern technology is thought of as the reason why we can have cars and television sets. However, technology has also increased the amount of food available to us, by means of modern farming machinery and animal breeding techniques, and has extended our life span via(通过) medical technology.
Will mankind continue to live longer and have a higher quality of life? In large measure the answer depends on technology and our ability to use it widely. If we keep making progress as we have over the past fifty years, the answer is definitely yes. The advancement of technology depends upon research and development, and the latest statistics(统计) show that the United States is continuing to pump billions of dollars annually(每年) into such efforts. So while we are running out of some scarce resources(少的资源) we may well find technological substitutes(代用品)for many of them through our research programs.
Therefore, in the final analysis the three major factors of production(land, labor and capital) are all influenced by technology. When we need new skills, on techniques in medicine, people will start developing new technology to meet those needs. As equipment proves to be slow or inefficient, new machines will be invented. Technology responds to our needs in helping us maintain our standard of living.
1. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The definition of technology B. Modern technology
C. The application of technology D. The development of technology
2. Which is the main idea of the passage?
A. Modern technology is the key to the improvement of standard of living.
B. The three major factors of production (land, labor and capital) are all influenced by technology.
C. Technology is the response to our needs.
D. The United States is making great efforts to advance its technology.
3. According to the passage, people can live a long life with the help of _______.
A. higher quality of life B. medical technology
C. modern farming machinery D. technological substitute
【答案与解析】“科学技术是生产力”是这篇文章的主题。
1. B。主旨题。文章的主要笔墨是用在科学技术的作用上，所以答案应选B。
2. A。主旨题。文章最后一句Technology responds to our needs in helping us maintain our standard of living 就是主题句。
3. B。判断题。从文章第2段第2句话…the answer depends on technology and our ability to use it widely 可以肯定答案选B。
(8)
Space travel is definitely bad for astronauts’ bones, reducing their bone density(密度) after only a month of weightlessness, according to French research published on Friday.
Laurence Vico and his fellow workers at St Etienne University called for more research into the effects of microgravity, after their study of 15 astronauts from the Russian MIR station showed bone loss continued throughout space flights.
“Bone loss was especially striking in four astronauts, ” the scientists reported in the Lancet Medical Journal.
They measured the bone mineral density (BMD) of bones in the forearm(前臂) and lower leg of the astronauts who had spent one to six months in space.
The BMD loss was significant in the tibia(胫骨) of the lower leg, a weight-bearing bone, but barely changed in the radius(桡骨) of the forearm. “Our results indicate the need to investigate not only different bones, but also different areas of the same bone since not all sites of the skeleton (骨架) are similarly affected by space conditions, ” they added.
Without gravity the body isn’t bearing any weight so there is no need for calcium (钙) which makes bones strong, and it becomes empty into the bloodstream.
The research team suggested in future scientists should try to determine if the loss of bone density was only on weight-bearing bones on longer flights, also the possible recovery after returning to Earth.
1. French scientists did their research on Russian astronauts, because _______.
A. they only cared for the Russian astronauts
B. they were not interested in their own astronauts
C. the Russian government invited them to do their research
D. the Russian astronauts worked in space for a long time
2. Scientists have found that _______.
A. the BMD loss may cause serious illness to astronauts
B. the BMD loss may cause some change in astronauts’ bodies
C. astronauts shouldn’t care about the BMD loss
D. astronauts should take some calcium before space travel
3. What cause the BMD loss to astronauts, according to this passage?
A. The food they eat in space. B. The drinks they take in space.
C. The temperature in space. D. The gravity in space.
4. In the third paragraph, the word “striking” means ______.
A. unusual B. simple C. weak D. slow
(1-4 DBDA)
【答案与解析】本文介绍了法国对太空宇航员长期在太空飞行，会使骨里的密度减少而对骨不利的研究。
1. D。细节题。根据文章第4段的定语从句who had spent one to six months in space可推知此题答案为D。
2. B。细节题。根据文章第5段第1句The BMD loss was significant in the tibia(胫骨) of the lower leg, a weight-bearing bone可推知此题答案为B。
3. D。细节题。根据文章第6段Without gravity…所引起的结果，可推知此题答案为D。
4. A。词义猜测题。上文提到对十五人进行研究表明在整个航行过程中骨损在继续，下文再说especially striking，可知是“特别明显”的事，因此选A。
(9)
Some spiders hunt on the ground, others build webs to trap their food, but the grass water spider catches its prey by running along the surface of the water.
This special water spider lives on the grassy banks of streams where mosquitoes, damsel flies and other insects come to feed and breed.
Although it is one of the largest spiders in New Zealand, it has an unusual ability. It doesn’t disturb the water as it waits for its meal, and there is barely a ripple(波纹) when it skims(掠过) across the surface at lightning speed to catch its prey.
Grass water spiders deal swiftly with larger insects like damsel flies by pulling their heads under the water and holding them there until they drown.
After a meal, the grass water spider spends up to half an hour grooming(修饰) itself. It wipes its eight eyes, brushes its antennae(触角), and takes special care to clean the hairs on its body.
It is the hairs that trap tiny bubbles(泡沫) of air so that the spider can run down a blade(叶片) of grass and stay underwater for up to an hour when it is frightened. The hairs also keep the spider dry, even underwater.
It is only when the female spider is caring for the young that she does not hunt on the water. After mating, she produces a large egg sac(囊), which she carries around for five weeks. Once the eggs start to hatch, she attaches the sac to some blades of grass or a thistle. She then tears the sac open and releases the tiny spiders into the nursery web.
1. How does the grass water spider kill its prey?
A. in a web B. by drowning C. by poisoning D. with its antennae
2. the writer describes the special spider as “special” because _______.
A. it walks on water B. it has eight eyes
C. of its hairy appearance D. of the way it produces its young
3. The passage tells us that the spider ______.
A. feeds grass and thistles to its young.
B. lives on blades of grass under the water
C. lives in the grass on the banks of streams
D. eats a meal once every five weeks
4. The purpose of the passage is to _______.
A. convince readers that spiders are dangerous
B. indicate that the grass water spider is endangered
C. list all of the spiders that can be found in New Zealand
D. describe the characteristics of the grass water spider
(1-4 BACD)
【答案与解析】本文介绍了一种水蜘蛛的生活情况。
1. B。细节题。根据文章第4段描述by pulling their heads under the water and holding them there until they drown.可推知此题答案为B。
2. A。细节题。根据文章第1段后面的并列分句by running along the surface of the water.可推知此题答案为A。
3. C。细节题。根据文章第2段第1句This special water spider lives on the grassy banks of streams可推知此题答案为C。
4. D。主旨题。主文主要介绍了这种水蜘蛛的生活情况，由此可知作者的目的是要读者了解水蜘蛛的特征，所以选D。
(10)
Perhaps the most famous theory, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Ray Birdwhistell. He believes that physical appearance is often culturally programmed. In other words, we learn our looks-we are not born with them. A baby has generally informed face features. A baby, according to Birdwhistell, learns where to set the eyebrows by looking at those around-family and friends. This helps explain why the people of some areas of the United States look so much alike, new Englanders or Southerners have certain common face features that cannot be explained by genetics(遗传学). The exact shape of the mouth is not set at birth, it is learned after. In fact, the final mouth shape is not formed until well after new teeth are set. For many, this can be well into grown-ups. A husband and wife together for a long time often come to look alike. We learn our looks from those around us. This is perhaps why in a single country area where people smile more than those in other areas. In the United States, for example, the South is the part of the country where the people smile most frequently. In New England they smile less, and in the western part of New York State still less. Many southerners find cities such as New York cold and unfriendly, partly because people on Madison Avenue smile less than people on Peachtree Street in Atlanta. Georgia. People in Atlanta, Georgia. People in largely populated areas also smile and greet each other in public less than people in small towns do.
1. Ray Birdwhistell believes that physical appearance _______.
A. has little to do with culture
B. has much to do with culture
C. is ever changing
D. is different from place to place
2. According to the passage, the final mouth shape is formed _______.
A. before birth B. as soon as one’s teeth are newly set
C. sometime after new teeth are set D. around 15 years old
3. Ray Birdwhistell can tell what area of the United States a person is from by _______.
A. how much he or she laughs B. how he or she raises his or her eyebrows
C. what he or she likes best D. the way he or she talks
4. This passage might have been taken out of a book dealing with ________.
A. physics B. chemistry C. biology D. none of the above
(1-4 BCAD)
【答案与解析】本文介绍了人的面目不是生来注定，而是后天习得的理论。
1. B。细节题。根据文章第2句physical appearance is often culturally programmed可推知此题答案为B。
2. C。细节题。根据文章中间的句子the final mouth shape is not formed until well after new teeth are set可推知此题答案为 C。
3. A。推断题。根据文章末尾部分对各个地方人笑的多少的归纳可推知此题答案为A。
4. D。推断题。根据文章的内容与选项的比较，发现选项A、B、C与文章内容毫无关系，从而可推知此题答案为D。
(11)
Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human conditions is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful(有压力的) conditions. Social support makes up of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over types of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Taking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting(转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support - money aid, material resources, and needed services - that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.
1. Interpersonal relationships are important because they can _______.
A. make people live more easily
B. smooth away daily problems
C. deal with life changes
D. cure types of illnesses
2. The researches show that people's physical and mental health _______.
A. lies in the social medical care systems which support them
B. has much to do with the amount of support they get from others
C. depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles
D. is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes
3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cushions” ?
A. takes place of B. makes up of
C. lessens the effect of D. gets rid of
4. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work in spare time is an example of _______.
A. instrumental support B. informational support
C. social companionship D. the strengthening of self-respect
5. What is the subject discussed in the text?
A. Interpersonal relationships. B. Kinds of social support.
C. Ways to deal with stress. D. Effects of stressful conditions.
【答案与解释】现代社会中的人们各方面的压力很大，所以融洽的人际关系显得很重要。它可以缓解部分压力，增加信息，帮助解决一些日常困难。
1. A。主旨题。虽然选项B、C、D的内容在文章中都谈到了，但选项A更全面。另一方面，根据文章第1段的第1句也可推知答案为A。
2. B。判断题。从第 1 段的最后一句话可以做出正确判断。
3. C。语义猜测题。文章第2段告诉我们人与人之间互相支持和帮助可以从几个方面缓解人的压力。注意文章最后一句中的 reduce 与选项C中的 lessen 大致同义。
4. C。细节题。从文章第 2 段内容，采用排除法，可以得知答案为 C。
5. A。主旨题。通读全文可知答案。
(12)
LONDON - Life for Cathy Hagner and her three children is set to permanent(永久的) fast-forward.
Their full school day and her job as a lawyer's assistant are busy enough. But Hanger also has to take the two boys to soccer or hockey or basketball while dropping off her daughter at piano lessons or Girl Scout Club.
Often, the exhausted family doesn't get home until 7 pm. There is just time for a quick supper before homework. In today's world, middle-class American and British parents treat their children as if they are competitors racing for some finishing line.
Parents take their children from activity to activity in order to make their future bright. It seems that raising a genius has become a more important goal than raising a happy and well-balanced child.
“Doctors across the country are reporting a growing number of children suffering from stomachaches and headaches due to exhaustion and stress,” says child expert William Doherty of the University of Minnesota.
Teachers are dealing with exhausted kids in the classroom. It's a very serious problem. Many children attend after-school clubs by necessity. But competitive pressures also create an explosion of activities. They include sports, language, music and math classes for children as young as four.
“There is a new parenting trend(趋势) under way which says that you have to tap all your child’s potential(潜能) at a young age; otherwise you will let him down,” says Terry Apter, a Cambridge-based child and adolescent psychiatrist(青少年精神病专家).
“It isn't entirely new: there have always been pushy parents. But what was previously(以前) seen as strange behaviour is now well accepted.”
1. From the second paragraph of this passage we can find that _______.
A. Hagner wastes much time helping her children's lessons
B. Hagner doesn't spend much time on her full-time job
C. Hagner is interested in sports and music
D. Hagner busies herself by following a trend
2. British parents, as the writer described in this passage, _______.
A. treat their children as sports players
B. pay no attention to their children's lessons
C. bring up their children in a simple way
D. give their children little time to develop freely
3. The writer's opinion about after-school clubs is that ________.
A. activities in the country are too competitive
B. children should attend four clubs at a time
C. some clubs result in competitive pressures
D. clubs should have more subjects for school children
4. The last paragraph tells us that in Britain _______.
A. parents used to take their children to every club
B. parents used to be wise on how to raise children
C. parents have all benefited from children’s clubs
D. parents have come to know the standard of education
【答案与解析】现在的英、美中产家庭的父母亲让孩子们参加各种课外俱乐部，学习体育、语言、音乐、数学等，把孩子们变成了学习的机器。
1. D。语义理解题。因为第 2 段就是第 1 段内容的具体化。
2. D。判断题。从文章内容可以看出，在英国，孩子们在学校已经够累了，回到家里，父母亲还要他们参加课外俱乐部的一个又一个活动，孩子们自己发展的空间当然没有了。
3. C。判断题。第 6 段第 4 句话 But competitive pressures also create an explosion of activities 把俱乐部不好的作用讲得清楚明了。
4. B。判断题。从本段第 2 句话 But what was previously(以前) seen as strange behaviour is now well accepted 可以判断出，在英国，过去家长们是知道怎样教育孩子们的。
(13)
There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life, one becomes happy and the other becomes unhappy. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, events and the resulting effects upon their minds.
People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things: the pleasant parts of conversation, the well prepared dishes, the goodness of the wine and the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things. Therefore, they are continually dissatisfied. By their remarks, they sour the pleasure of society, offend(hurt) many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind was founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The intention of criticizing(批评) and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation(模仿). It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit.
Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others; nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public objections, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their wrongdoings. These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact(接触) with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.
1. People who are unhappy _______.
A. always consider things differently from others
B. usually are affected by the results of certain things
C. usually misunderstand what others think or say
D. always discover the unpleasant side of certain things
2. The phrase “sour the pleasure of society” most nearly means “_______”.
A. have a good taste with social life B. make others unhappy
C. tend so scold others openly D. enjoy the pleasure of life
3. We can conclude from the passage that _______.
A. we should pity all such unhappy people
B. such unhappy people are dangerous to social life
C. people can get rid of the habit of unhappiness
D. unhappy people can not understand happy persons
4. If such unhappy persons insist on keeping the habit, the author suggests that people should _______.
A. prevent any communication with them
B. show no respect and politeness to them
C. persuade them to recognize the bad effects
D. quarrel with them until they realize the mistakes
5. In this passage, the writer mainly _______.
A. describes two types of people
B. laughs at the unhappy people
C. suggests the unhappy people should get rid of the habits of unhappiness
D. tells people how to be happy in life
【答案与解析】生活中有些人拥有相等的健康、财富和生活条件，但由于考虑事情、人物、事件的角度不同，一些人感到幸福，而另一些人则感到不幸福。由于这些不幸福的人处处冒犯别人，其结果只能是处于被孤立的境地。
1. D。判断题。从第 2 段第 4 句话Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things 可以看出另一些人为什么感到不幸福的原因。
2. B。词义猜测题。从该短语后的…offend (hurt) many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere 可以猜出 “sour the pleasure of society” 的正确含义。
3. C。判断题。从第 2 段中倒数第 2 句话The habit may be strong, but it may be cured可以判断出人们可以改变不幸福的脾性。
4. A。判断题。从第 3 段中的倒数第 2 句话If they do not(change this bad habit), it will be good for others to avoid any contact(接触) with them 可以看出作者的态度。
5. C。主旨题。本文主要讲的是那些感觉不幸福的人处处冒犯别人，若长期以往，则只能处于被孤立的境地，所以他们应改变自己的习惯。
(14)
Traveling can be a way to gain life experiences, especially during Spring Break - a week long school vacation in the United States. But what if you’re a student and don’t have enough money for a trip? Don’t worry. Here are some useful suggestions.
●Save: This probably is the most important preparation for traveling. Cut expenses to fatten your wallet so you’ll have more choices about where to go and how to get there.
●Plan ahead: Don’t wait until the last minute to plan your trip. Tickets may cost more when bought on short notice. Giving yourself several months to get ready can mean security(安全) and savings.
●Do your homework: No matter where you go, research the places you will visit. Decide what to see. Travel books will provide information on the cheapest hotels and restaurants.
●Plan sensibly: Write down what you expect to spend for food and hotels. Stick to your plan or you may not have enough money to cover everything.
●Travel in groups: Find someone who is interested in visiting the same places. By traveling with others you can share costs and experiences.
●Work as you go: Need more money to support your trip? Look for work in the places you visit.
●Go off the beaten path: Tourist cities may be expensive. You may want to rethink your trip and go to a lesser-known area. Smaller towns can have many interesting activities and sights.
●Pack necessary things: The most important things to take are not always clothes: Remember medicine in case you get sick and snacks in case you cannot find a cheap restaurant.
●Use the Internet: The Net can help to save money. Some useful websites include www. Travelocity. com, www. bargains-lowest fare. com and www. Economic travel. com.
By planning sensibly, even students can enjoy the travel. Your travel experiences will be remembered for a lifetime.
1. This passage is about _______.
A. how to plan your travel B. how to travel with enough money
C. how to make your travel interesting D. how to get life experiences
2. Before your trip, the first thing you should do is _______.
A. to make a plan of the route B. to get information in the Internet
C. to save money by spending less D. to buy tickets in advance
3. The writer advises you _______.
A. to share costs with any other people B. not to go to well-known places
C. not to visit dangerous places D. to buy anything you want to buy
4. During your trip, _______.
A. you need more shoes than clothes
B. you shouldn’t look for work all the way
C. you can gain valuable life experiences
D. you should forget to do your homework
【答案与解析】本文是对学生计划旅行所作准备提出的建议。
1. A。主旨题。根据第1段最后句及全文的内容可推知此题答案为A。
2. C。推断题。根据第1则建议可推知此题答案为C。
3. B。细节题。根据第7则建议可推知此题答案为B。
4. C。细节题。根据文章的首句和尾句可知此题答案为C。
（15）
Right is right. Right? Of course. But is left wrong? Well, the Romans used to think so. They thought left-handed people were mistakes of nature. Latin, the language of the Romans, had many words that expressed this view. Some words we use today still have this meaning. The Latin word “dexter” means “right”. The English word “dexterous” comes from this word. It means “handy” (clever with hands). So, right is handy. But the Latin word for left is “sinister”. The English word “sinister” comes from this word. Sinister means “evil” (very bad). Is it fair to call right-handed people handy and left-handed people evil? Well, fair or not, many languages have words that express such beliefs. In old English, the word for left means “weak”. That isn’t much of an improvement over “evil”.
Not very long ago, children were often forced to write with their right hands. Doctors have since found that this can be very harmful. You should use the hand you were born to use.
People who use their left hands are just starting to get better treatment. But why they get all these bad names in the first place? One reason may be that there are not as many left-handed people as there are right-handed people. There is one left-handed person for every five right-handed ones. People who are different are often thought to be wrong. But attitudes do seem to be changing. Fair-minded right-handed people are finally starting to give left-handed people a hand.
1. What does the passage lead us to believe when one writes?
A. He can only use his right hand.
B. He can only use his left hand.
C. He can use either his left hand or his right hand.
D. He can use both his left hand and his right hand.
2. The last sentence of this article means ________.
A. Fair-minded right-handed people want to change the habit of the left-handed people
B. Fair-minded right-handed people are starting to help the left-handed people
C. Fair-minded right-handed people are starting to use left hand to write and so on
D. Fair-minded right-handed people are starting to give up using their left hands
3. After we read the article we can certainly know that _______.
A. left-handed people have been treated poorly
B. the number of the left-handed people is larger than that of right-handed people
C. right-handed people are much cleverer than left-handed people
D. left-handed people are less smart but hardworking
4. Which of the following is NOT right, according to the article?
A. At one time, left-handed people were forced to use their right hands.
B. Left-handed people today are being treated better than those in the past.
C. There are not as many left-handed people as there are right-handed people today.
D. “Dexterous” comes from Latin, means “evil” and English “sinister” means “handy”.
(1-4 CBAD)
【答案与解析】本文介绍人们对left-handed与right-handed不同的看法和态度。
1. C。推断题。根据文章第2段最后一句医生的建议You should use the hand you were born to use可推知此题的答案为C。
2. B。根据短语give sb a hand 的意思是“帮某人的忙”，可推知此题的答案为B。
3. A。推断题。根据文章第1段对left的解释及第2段第1句讲强迫小孩用右手，可推知此题答案为A。
4. D。细节题。根据文章第1段中的 The Latin word “dexter” means “right”. The English word “dexterous” comes from this word. It means “handy” (clever with hands). So, right is handy. But the Latin word for left is “sinister”. The English word “sinister” comes from this word. Sinister means “evil” (very bad) 可推知此题答案为D。
(16)
The Internet has led to a huge increase in credit-card (信用卡) fraud. Your card information could even be for sale in an illegal web site(非法网站).
Web sites offering cheap goods and services should be regarded with care.
On-line shoppers who enter their credit-card information may never receive the goods they thought they bought. The thieves then go shopping with your card number - or sell the information over the Internet. Computers hackers(黑客) have broken down security(安全) systems, raising questions about the safety of cardholder information. Several months ago, 25, 000 customers of CD Universe, an on-line music retailer(零售商), were not lucky. Their names, addresses and credit-card numbers were posted on a Web site after the retailer refused to pay US $157, 828 to get back the information.
Credit-card firms are now fighting against on-line fraud. Mastercard is working on plans for Web - only credit card, with a lower credit limit. The card could be used only for shopping on-line. However, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep from being cheated(欺骗).
Ask about your credit-card firm’s on-line rules: Under British law, cardholders have to pay the first US $78 of any fraudulent(欺骗性的) spending.
And shop only at secure sites; Send your credit-card information only if the Web site offers advanced secure system.
If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bottom right-hand corner of your screen. The Website address may also start http: //-the extra “s” stands for secure. If in doubt, give your credit-card information over the telephone.
Keep your password(密码) safe: Most on-line sites require a user name and password before placing an order. Treat your passwords with care.
1. What do most people worry about the Internet according to this passage?
A. A lot of stolen credit-cards were sold on the Internet.
B. Fraud on the Internet.
C. Many Web sites are destroyed.
D. Many illegal Web sites are on the Internet.
2. What is the meaning of “fraud”?
A. Cheating. B. Sale. C. Payment. D. Safety.
3. How can the thieves get the information of the credit card?
A. The customers give them the information.
B. The thieves steal the information from Web sites.
C. The customers sell the information to them.
D. The thieves buy the information from credit-card firms.
4. How many pieces of advice does the passage give to you?
A. Four. B. Three. C. Five. D. Six.
5. You are shopping on the site: http: // www. Shopping. com, and you want to buy a TV set, what does this article suggest to do?
A. Order the TV set at once.
B. Do not buy the TV set on this site.
C. E-mail the site your credit-card information.
D. Tell the site your password and buy the TV set for you.
(1-5 BABAB)
【答案与解析】本文介绍了网上黑客人员盗用信用卡资料进行欺骗的行为以及我们该怎样防卫的措施。
1. B。推断题。根据文章第1段第1句(因特网已导致使用信用卡欺骗行为大量增加)可推知此题答案为B。
2. A。词义猜测题。根据第1段第2句(你的卡上资料可能会在网上非法出售)和第4段最后一句(可采用下列步骤防止受欺骗)可推知此题答案为A。
3. B。推断题。根据文章第2段的提醒(当心那些提供便宜商品或服务的网址)可推知此题答案为B。也可采用排除法：根据文章内容，排除A和C(并且此两项也不合情理)；根据文章第4段第1句可知选项D也不正确。因此选B。
4. A。细节题。根据对文章第五、六、七、八段的归纳可推知此题的答案为A。
5. B。细节题。根据文章倒数第2段中的说明：安全的网址应在电脑的右下角有一个小字母，或在网址中有一个字母S，而问题中的网址中没有字母S，从而可推知此题答案为B。
(17)
“Congratulations, Mr. Jones, it’s a girl.”
Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different answer from every man who hears these words. Some feel proud when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy(怀孕) was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly.
Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the change from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this re-socialization process. Although many good books have been written about American mothers, only recently have some books discussed the role of a father.
It is argued by some writers that the transition to the father’s role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother’s role. The mother’s role seems to require a complete transformation of daily routine and adaptation to a new life, on the other hand, the father’s role is less demanding and immediate. However, even though we have mentioned the fact that growing numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household.
1. According to the author, being a father _______.
A. brings a feeling of excitement to some men
B. has a different meaning for those who have daughters
C. makes some men feel proud and others uneasy
D. means nothing but mor