一、知识部分
1、 重点单词
procedure bunch merely classify promote appetite appoint calculate expense involve settlement accumulate abandon tone reward technician nowhere altogether latter distinguished appearance
2、 重点短语
look out for ,on a large scale, year after year, pass away, name after, in detail, a bunch of, be suitable to, have…in common, belong to, a branch of, classify…into, base…on…, according to, have an appetite for, appoint…as…, lead a cosy life, be involved in, at one’s own expesse, give birth to
3、 重要句型
强调句型
4、 交际用法
speak about procedures
I divide the stage into three parts…
Firstly,…
It is very important in the middle part…
The last part is….
This is the whole case.
5、 语法
宾语
I gave an apple to the old man yesterday.
I appreciate walking along the street with my sweetheart.
6、 能力部分(writing a pocedure)
二、教学过程
period I
Step 1
Warming up
Look at the pictures and match each flower with its correct name.
2.Can you tell something about each flower? Where does it come from?
3.What is it used for?
4.Which flower is your favourite? Explain why.
5.What vocabulary will you need to talk about flowers and plants?
Step 2
Listening(略)
Step 3
Speaking
speak about procedures
I divide the stage into three parts…
Firstly,…
It is very important in the middle part…
The last part is….
This is the whole case.
Step 4
Homework
Period II and Period III
Reading:
Warming up
Look at the pictures and match each flower with its correct name
Which flower is your favorite? Explain why.
Pre-reading
Why was Carl Linnaeus important to the history of botany as a science?
His system of grouping plants in families was unique, which based on the arrangement of the male and female organs in the flowers.
While-reading
Fast reading
How many people are mentioned in the passage?
Carl Linnaeus Daniel Solander Joseph Banks Captain Cook
Careful reading
1. Before Linnaeus botany was ________．D
A．studied by doctors B．unknown to anyone C．fully developed D．a branch of medicine
2. Some economic species plants such as____ could help to develop local economies．C
A．rose and peony B．tea and apple C．cocoa and hemp D．Cocoa and lemon
3. It was ____ who made Kew a centre of scientific and economic research．A
A．Joseph Banks B．Captain Cook C．Linnaeus D． Daniel Solander
4.Paragraph one of the text mainly tells us ___ ．C
A．the importance of botany B．how to classify plant species into groups
C．Linnaeus’contribution to botany D．Linnaeus’discoveries about different species
5.Captain Cook made ___voyages altogether around the world. C
A．one B．Two C．Three D.four
Post-reading
1. How did scientists classify plants before Linnaeus?
Some scientists classified plants into herbs and trees, or according to the shape of the fruit, or whether they had flowers or not.
2. What were the goals of James Cook’s first voyage around the world?
To study the passing of the planet Venus across the sun; to record, classify and describe all plant and animal life observed during the trip; to search for an unknown southern continent.
3. Why did Joseph Banks have to supply his own money to equip part of the expedition?
Because the government would not pay for such a new field of science as botany.
4. What could be a possible explanation for the name “strawberry”?
When people plant strawberry, they spread straw under the fruit to reduce the necessary amount of watering.
Translate the following phrases into English:
1. 详细地 in detail
2. 处于支配的地位，负责 in charge of
3. 由……负责 in the charge of
4. 任命某人为…… appoint sb. as
5.将……分类成 classify…into…
6. 计算……之间的距离 calculate the distance between…
7. 一代一代传下去 pass on from one generation to the next
8.建于……之上；以……为基础 be based on
9.参与; 陷入 ……的活动 be involved in
10.根据;视……而定；按照 according to
11.搜索；寻找 search for
12.总而言之 altogether
1.match…with （在品质；颜色；设计等方面）相等，相当，相配
2.at the age of 在……岁时
3.look out for 警惕;留心;守侯
4.on a large scale 大规模地;大范围地
5.year after year 年年;年复一年
6.pass away 逝世
7.name…after 给……取名;命名
8.in detail 详细
9.take care of 关心;照顾
10.classify…into 分类;归类
11.develop a lifelong friendship with 与……结存了终生好朋友
12.born into 出生
13.have an appetite for knowledge 有求知欲
14.appoint sb. as… 委派;任命某人为……
15.spread over 传播;流传
16.a great deal of 大量;许多(用于不可数名词)
17.lie in 在于
18.related to 与……有关
19.the key to 关键是(在于)
20.adapt to 适应于
21.be sunken into 堕入
Period IV
Intergrating skills
Teaching Aims：
1. Get the students to grasp the main idea of the text so as to improve their reading ability．
2. Get the students to learn the scientific way for the scientists to do their research work．一the way to think and observe．
3. Get the students to write a description of plants．
Teaching Important Points：
1. How to analyse fin article so as to grasp its main idea．
2. How to write a description according to the information given．
Teaching Difficult Point：
1. How to improve the students’reading ability---how to analyse an article.
Teaching Methods：
1．Pair work or group work to make every student take an active part in the class．
2．Discussion to get the students to understand what they are 1earning better．
Teaching Aids：
1．acomputer
2．a courseware
3．a tape recorder
Teaching procedures:
Step I Greetings and Revision
Greet the whole class as usual．
T：In the last period。you were told to make sentences with the useful words and expressions in the text．Have you got prepared?(Ss：Yes．)Now read the sentences to us．Volunteer!One student，one sentence．
Sa：make attempt to do sth．
They made no attempt to escape．(at escaping)
Sb：classify
The books in our school library are classified according to subject．
Sc：group
Group together in two!
Sd：identification
He carries identification with him at all times when he is out．
Se：promote
He works to promote the friendship between the two countries．
Sf：privilege
They fight against privilege in order to create a fairer society．
Sg：cosy
He lives in a nice cosy little house．
Sh：have an appetite for
The enemy had no appetite for the fight．
Si：appoint
He was appointed minister to a foreign country.
Sj：calculate
The scientists caculated when the spaceship would reach the moon with a calculator．
Sk：on a large scale
The work of reforming industry carried out in all provinces on a large scale．
Sl：involve
The case involved several leaders．
Sm：accumulate
He accumulated a fortune by investing wisely．
Sn：abandon
He found a baby abandoned by his parents.
Step II Preparation for Reading
T：So much for homework．Now open your books and turn to Page 169．Let’s read the new words and expressions of this period．Who will read them to us?
Sl：I’ll try…．
(Teacher asks some students to read the new words and expressions．While reading，let other students correct the mistakes made by the students．Then play the tape to get the students to fol1ow．Teacher may give brief explanation
about their usages when necessary．)
StepⅢ Fast-reading
T：You’ve learnt something about Carl Linnaeus。Daniel Solander and Joseph Banks in the text we’ve just studied．And you’ve read about Michurin and Darwin．Today，we’ll learn about another two scientists Gregor Mendel and Gote Turesson．What did they do? What contribution did they make?After we’ve learnt the passage．I’II sure you’11 have a clear idea．
(Show the following on the screen．)
Now read the text fast and try to grasp the main idea of the text as much as possible. Then find answers to the questions on the sceen.
Answer the following questions:
1．What was Charles Darwin’s hobby when he was young?
2．What led Darwin to write his famaous book“On the Origin of Species”?
3．Who founded the science of genetics?
4．Who made contribution to the improvement of the output of crops according to the text?
(Students begin to read the taxt. After a few minutes, teacher says the following)
T：Have you finished?
Ss：Yes，we have．
T：Now give us the answers, please. One student，one question．
Sb：1．When he was young, Darwin enjoyed doing all kinds of experiments and studying physics, chemistry and later botany was his hobby.
Sc：2．When he was twenty-two years old，he was invited to take part in the scientific expedition on the five-year voyage led him to write his famous book：On the Origin of Species
Sd：It was the research work of Mendel that gave birth to the science of genetics.
Se：Mendel’s genetics and Turesson’s findings are both important to the output of crops．
T：What you said is right. Thank you for giving us such good a
StepⅣReading and Comprehension:
T：(Show the following on the screen)
Now let’s read the text again and discuss the questions on the screen. Pairwork or group work．
1．The research of Charles Darwin, Gregor Mendel and Cote Turesson is like pieces in a puzzle that show a complete picture when put together.
(1)What did Darwin discover about bird species in Galapagos?
(2)What did Mendel observe in his experiments with peas?
(3)Looking at wild plant species in Sweden，what did Turesson discover?
2．Complete the following sentence．
Darwin’s discoveries in Galapagos were based on differences______wild species，while Turesson’s observations showed that there are stable varieties___wild species．
3．That soil conditions are important to the output of crops was known more than 2000 years ago．Why are Turesson’s discoveries still important to agriculture then?
(Teacher goes among the students and joins the students in their discussion．)
T：(After some minutes’discussion．)Now give us your answers，please. Who will answer the first question?
Sf：He found 13 kinds of findes，related to each other in the structure of their beaks，tails，shape of body and colour of their feathers．The most curious fact was the differences in the size of the beaks．This could only be explained from the differences in habitat and source of food．The birds with broad beaks would eat hard seeds，while the birds with smaller beaks would eat soft seeds or insects．
T：Please give us the answers to the second question．
Se：He found that many characteristics were passed on from one generation to the next without influence by the environment．
Sh：I'll answer the last question of Part 1．He found evidence for the existence of stable varieties within species in nature．He showed that differences between plants of one species occurred as a result of the environmental conditions in their habitat．
Si：I think，in Part 2，for the first blank，we should fill in the words“of different，，and the second，“of the same’’．Am I right?
T: What do you think, Sj?
Sj：I think he is right．
T: For the last question, what are your opinions?
Sk：Soil conditions are important to the 0utput of crops．But that is one side of the question．The research by Darwin, Mendal and Turesson shows that both genetics and the environment are important to plants．If we don’t have good seeds，good soil conditions are not enough for us to improve the output of the crops．Am I right?
Ss：We agree with you．
(Teacher plays the tape after the students’discussion．Then teacher asks students to read the text aloud and find questions in the text．Teacher gives brief explanation to them．)
Step V Summary and Homework
T：Now let’s think about a question：What can we learn from the text?(Write it
on the blackboard．) Discuss it with your partner．(After a while．)Who can tell us what you think?
S1：We should observe everything carefully and think deeply，then we can draw fl
good conclusion．
T：Very good．Now let’S see how the scientists observe and think．
(Teacher writes Observation，Thinking．Conclusion…on the Bb．)
T：So much for the text．Now today’s homework：
1．Make sentences with the words and phrases：whatever：lead sb．to do sth．；nowhere，variety；in view
2．Do Writing on Page 35．
Sample writing：
Dandelions
In nature，there are varieties of environmental conditions for the plants to grow in．Some places are hot and dry and there is little rain while in other places it is cool and wet. So the same plants that in different places are quite different.
Let s take oanaeuons as an example. They are widespread and can be found almost everywhere．Their yellow flowers are beautiful and their leaves look like the teeth on a saw．The wind spread their flowers and seeds everywhere，so when they grow in hot and dry places，they are low and thin．Their flowers and leaves are short and light in colour．5-10 centimetres long．They grow close to the ground and their roots are deep in it．Their hearts are a little sunken into the earth，so that the rain water can flow from the leaves to the heart where the roots are．
But in places it is cool and wet，things fire different．They become higher and stronger and can grow as long as 15-20 centimetres．Theirleaves are broader and their flowers are larger．The colour of the flowers and leaves becomes darker green．If some weeds are taken here，there will be many of them a few weeks later．
A great Swedish scientist Cote Turesson said that differences between plants of one species occured as a result of the environmental conditions in their habitat．From dandelions we can see this clearly．
Step Ⅵ The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
StepⅦ Record after Teaching
语言点讲解
procedure n.
1. 程序;手续;步骤，工序；[U][C]
The chairman was quite familiar with the procedure for conducting a meeting.
主席对开会的程序很熟悉。
The new work procedure is a great improvement on / over the old one.
新工序比起老工序来是一个巨大的改善。
The next procedure is as follows.
He complained to the manager, and by this procedure got the money back.
他向经理投诉，通过这种程序拿回钱
下一个步骤如下。
2. 常规;传统的做法[C][U]
The first step in the procedure for making a kite is to build the frame.
制作风筝的第一步是做骨架
bunch n.[C]
1. 串,束[(+of)]
Miss White received a bunch of flowers from her admirer.
怀特小姐收到爱慕者所送的一束花。
a bunch of grapes; 一串葡萄
2. 【口】群,伙,帮[G]
A bunch of children were at play.
一群孩子在玩。
merely adv.仅仅；只不过
I merely looked at the chocolate; I did not eat it.
我只不过看了看巧克力，我没有吃。
They are not merely content to fill the stomach.
他们不仅仅满足于填饱肚子。
You don\'t have to be angry. He merely wanted to know the truth.
\"你不必太生气了,他只不过是想知道点事实真相。\"
That was merely a guess of mine.
那只是我的一种猜测。
classifyvt.
1. 将...分类;将...分等级
People who work in libraries spend a lot of time classifying books.
在图书馆工作的人花大量的时间为书籍分类。
Eggs are classified according to size.
鸡蛋按大小分等级。
identification n.
1. 认出;识别;鉴定;确认[U]
the identification of criminals by their fingerprints
凭指纹确认罪犯
2. 身份证明;身份证[U][C]
I used my driver\'s license as identification.
我用驾驶执照作为身份证明。
Have you any identification?
你有身份证明吗？
His only means of identification was his passport.
他唯一证明身份的证件就是他的护照。
vt. identify vt.
1. 确认;识别;鉴定,验明[(+as)]
She identified him as her attacker.
她认出他就是袭击她的人。
I cannot identify this signature.
我识别不出这是谁的签字。
promote vt. n. promotion
1. 晋升（常与to连用）
He certainly ought to be promoted.
他应该要提升。
Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster.
我们的老师已被提升为校长了。
The young army officer was promoted (to the rank of) captain.
那个年轻的陆军军官已被提升为上尉。
2. 使(学生)升级 (+to)
Pupils who pass the test will be promoted to the next higher grade.
通过考试的学生将升到高一个年级去。
3. 促进;发扬;引起
The Prime Minister\'s visit will promote the cooperation between the two countries.
首相的访问将促进两国间的合作。
privilege n.
1. 特权;优特[C][U]
He enjoys diplomatic privileges.
他享有外交特权。
I had the privilege of meeting the queen.
我有会见王后的特权。
Education should not be considered to be a privilege in a modern society.
\"在一个现代社会中,受教育不应该被看成是一种特权。\"
2. (个人的)恩典,殊荣[S]
It is a great privilege to know you.
认识你真是莫大的荣幸。
appetite n. [U][C]
1. 食欲,胃口[(+for)]
Exercise gave her a good appetite.
运动使她胃口大增。
to lose one\'s appetite
食欲不振
2. 欲望;爱好[(+for)]
At the moment she had no appetite for gossip.
此时此刻她无心闲聊。
an appetite for learning.
学习的强烈愿望
wealth n.
1.The father passed on the family\'s wealth to his son.
这位父亲把大笔家产传给儿子。
2.（与of连用）大量，许多
a wealth of examples许多例子 a wealth of oil丰富的石油
appoint vt.
1. 任命,指派[O9][O2][(+as/to)]
They appointed him (to be) manager.
他们任命他为经理。
He appointed Williams as his deputy in the city of York.
他任命威廉斯作为他在约克市的代理人。
He was appointed chairperson of the committee;
他被任命为委员会主席
We must appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school.
我们必须立即委派一名新教师到那山村小学去。
2. 约定,指定;安排
Our visitors arrived at the appointed time.
我们的来宾在约定的时间到达了。
They will appoint a date for the examination.
他们将指定考试日期
to appoint a time for the meeting
指定开会时间
They appointed a place to exchange stamps.
他们约定一个地方交换邮票。
n. appointment
1. (尤指正式的)约会[C][(+with)][+to-v]
I have an appointment with them in the evening.
今晚我与他们有个约会。
2. (会面的)约定[U]
3. 任命,委派[U][(+as/of)]
The appointment of a new judge was reported in the newspaper.
报上报导了任命一位新法官的消息。
Calculate vt. vi.
1.计算
Has Edward calculated the result?
爱得华算出结果了吗?
Our price has already been closely calculated. There is no room for reduction.
我们的价格是经过精密计算的，无让步余地。
The scientists are able to calculate accurately when the spaceship will reach the moon.
科学家能准确地计算出太空船什么时候抵达月球。
2.估计；推算
They calculated the cost of a journey
他们估算了旅游所需费用
I calculate that Aunt Lena will arrive at 8.00 p.m.
我估计李娜阿姨将于下午八点到达。
I calculate you\'ll get there in time.
我认为你们赶到那儿.
Expense n. adj.expensive
1. 费用;价钱;支出;消耗[S]
I don\'t think we can afford the expense.
我认为我们负担不了这个费用。
A motorcycle can be a great expense.
买一辆摩托车可能要花很多钱。
The expenses added up to $50.
费用加起来共计五十美元。
2. 开支;经费[P]
He said the office expenses were too big.
他认为办公室的花费太大了。
What are the expenses of moving house?
搬家的花销是多少？
3.代价 spare no expense不惜代价
We must spare no expense to save his life.
不惜代价挽救他的生命
look out for 警惕，留心；寻找
1．watch out for；keep a watch for 密切注意；提防
When you\'re eating fish，look out for the bones．吃鱼的时候，当心鱼刺。
You must look out for catching cold．你得小心，不要感冒了。
2．seek if one can find寻找
Will you go to the station and look out for your uncle？你去火车站找你叔叔吗？
We have been looking out for a new house， but the ones we\'ve seen have all been too expensive．我们一直在找一所新房子，但是我们看的几所房子都要价太高。
Investors look out for better returns 投资者寻求好的回报
3． take care of照顾；照看
You needn\'t worry about me， I can look out for myself．你不用替我担心，我会照顾自己的。
on a large scale 大规模地
They are preparing for war on a large scale.
他们正在大规模地备战。
* involve vt.
1. 使卷入,连累;牵涉[(+in/with)]
That\'s no concern of mine. I\'m not involved.
那与我无关,我未卷入。
Don\'t involve me in your quarrel!
不要把我牵扯进你们的争吵中!
2.包括，涉及
All the children were involved in the school play.
所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的剧。
This lesson involves a lot of work.
这一课需要做的工作有很多。
enterprise n.
1. (有一定冒险性的)事业[C]
2. 冒险精神;进取心,事业心[U]
Tom is a man of great enterprise.
汤姆很有进取精神。
3. 企业,公司[C]
This enterprise is doing a good business.
这家企业生意兴隆。
settlement
1.殖民；移民, 定居，殖民地
The settlement of Africa by white people started 500 years ago.由白人进行的向非洲移民开始于500年前。
The British Empire had many settlements.
大英帝国有许多殖民地
2. 解决 They are looking for a good settlement.寻找好的解决办法
accumulate vt. -lated, -lating，accumulation
累积,积聚;积攒
They accumulated a huge mass of data.
他们积累了大量的资料。
He accumulated a good library.
积累了丰富的藏书。
vi.
积成堆;累积,聚积
Dust had accumulated during her absence.
她不在时灰尘积了起来。-lated, -lating
abandon vt. -ed
1. 丢弃;抛弃,遗弃
The crew abandoned the burning ship.
水手们离弃了燃烧中的船。
The broken bike was found abandoned by the river side.
人们发现那辆损坏的自行车被扔在河边。
abandon one\'s home
离弃家园
He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.
他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。
2. 放弃,中止
He finally abandoned his reformist ideas.
他终于放弃了自己的改良主义思想。
year by year 年年
The university gets bigger, year by year.
这所大学每年都在扩大。
year after year年复一年
Tens of thousands of men, year after year, have travelled southwards to find work.
每年都有好几万人去南方找工作。
pass away
1. 停止;消逝
As soon as the sun comes out, the mist will pass away.
太阳一出来,雾就会消失。
2. (委婉语)去世
Grandpa passed away last night at midnight.
祖父昨晚子时过世。
The old man passed away peacefully.
老人安详地去世了。
3. (时间)过去;消磨(时间)
Ten days passed away and still there was no news about them.
十天过去了,但仍然没有他们的消息。
tone n.
1. 音,音色,音调[C]
The teacher is speaking in a high tone.
教师正在大声说话。
2. 腔调,语气[C]
He spoke in a tone of command.
他用命令的口吻说话。
3. 声调,语调[C]
Mandarin Chinese has four tones.
汉语有四声。
reward vt.
1. 报答,报偿;酬谢;奖励[(+with/for)][O1]
Winners will be rewarded a trip to England.
优胜者将获得去英国旅游的奖赏。
How can I reward your kindness?
我如何酬谢你的好意呢？
n.
1. 报答;报偿;奖赏;报应[U][C]
It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work.
他工作很辛苦,报酬却很少,这不公平。
2. 酬金;赏金;奖品[C][(+for)]
A large reward is offered for the capture of the criminals.
巨额悬赏捉拿这些罪犯。
He got a reward of $900 for catching the criminal
他因抓获罪犯而得900美元酬金
name after=name for 按...命名与（另一人）同名， name after 用…的名字命名
John was named after his uncle.
约翰与他叔父同名。The child was named after his father.随父亲起名
This building is named after a famous scientist。这座楼以一位著名科学家命名。
Some parents name their baby after themselves.
technician technical adj. technology technic(具体的)技术
nowhere ad.
1. 任何地方都不
In the winter break I went nowhere, just stayed at home.
寒假期间,我什么地方都没去,一直呆在家里。
The dictionary is nowhere to be found.
那本词典哪儿也找不到。
n.
1. 没有什么地方
He had nowhere to go.
他无处可去。
2. 不知名的地方
We camped out in the middle of nowhere last summer.
去年夏天我们在一处茫茫蛮荒之地露营。
Some of the great men came out of nowhere.
有些伟人来自不知名的小地方。
3. 任何地方
They lived out in the country, miles from nowhere.
他们住在乡下,离任何有人的地方还有好几英里。
4. 乌有;不存在的地方
A tiger appeared from nowhere.
突然地出现了一只老虎。
Altogether ad.
1. 完全,全然
I am altogether on your side in this matter.
在这个问题上我完全支持你。
2. 全部,合计
He bought altogether 500 hectares of land.
他总共买了五百公顷土地。
3. 总之,总而言之
Altogether, exports are looking up.
总的说来,出口贸易在好转。
appearance n.
1. 出现;显露[C]
John\'s appearance in the doorway was welcomed with shouts.
约翰出现在门口时,大家高喊着欢迎他。
2. 露面;来到;演出[C]
The singer made her first appearance in a concert in Boston.
这位歌唱家第一次演出是在波士顿的一个音乐会上。
She\'s made a number of television appearances.
她已在电视上好几次亮相。
3. 外貌,外观;外表[U][C]
The appearance of the old house completely changed.
那所旧房子的外观全变了。
output n.
1.产量，产品
The measures will enable us to double our output of bicycles.
这些措施能使我们的自行车产量加倍。
2.输出;输出功率the power output of a transformer变压器的输出功率
3.作品artistic output 艺术作品
latter a.
1. 后面的;后半的;末了的
This latter point was of great importance.
后面这点极为重要。
2. (两者中)后者的
Here are Tom and David; the latter is my brother.
这是汤姆和戴维;后者是我的兄弟。
distinguish
vt. -ed
1. 区别;识别[(+from)]
He can distinguish a genuine antique from a reproduction.
他能区别真正的古董与复制品。
2. (凭感觉器官)辨认出
I can distinguish my roommates by their footsteps.
我能根据室友的脚步声辨认出他们。
I can distinguish them at a distance.
从远处我能认出他们
vi.
1. 区别;识别;辨别[(+between)]
It is certainly important to distinguish between right and wrong.
明辨是非当然要紧。
Speeches distinguishes man from the animals.
言语使人区别于动物。
in detail
详细地
Would you please explain the theme in detail?
您是否能详细地说明一下主题?
Period V
The Object
Teaching Aims：
1．Review what can be used．
2．Review some important rules about the object．
Teaching Important Points:
1．Master the v-ing form and the infinitive used as the object．
2．Master the compound object and “it” used as the formal object．
Teaching Difficult Point
How to master the differences between the v-ing form and the infinitive used as the object．
Teaching Methods：
Review，explanation and inductive methods.
Teaching Aids:
1．a computer
2．a courseware
Teaching Procedures：
Step I Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual
Step II Revision
T：Please look at the sentences on the screen．Try to find the object in each sentence．
(Show the following on the screen)
l．I consider it my duty to help you.
2．She will buy me a birthday present.
3．I found his report interesting.
4．I’m considering changing my job.
5．He decided to go abroad for futher study．
6．She said that she was sick that day.
(Ss prepare for a few minutes and then teacher asks some students to say their answers．)
T：Look at the first sentence．Who will try?
Sa：I'll try．In this sentence，“it”is used as the formal object and the infinitve “to help you”is the real object．
T：Good．We know that a v-ing form and clause can also be used as the real object in such a sentence pattern．Do you remember?
Ss：Yes．
T：Who can make a sentence using a v-ing form as the real object?
Sb：We thought it no good telling him that．
T：Good．Who can make a sentence with a clause as its real object?
Sc：They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job．
T：Good．Sit down，please．Now，let’s look at the next sentence．Who wants a
try?
Sd：In this sentence，。me”is the indirect object and“a birthday present”is the
direct object．
T：Right．We know that some verbs can take both a direct obiect and an indirect object，such as：give，lend，bring, fetch．take。pass，send，ask，write，tell，
show，teach，make，buy．
(Write the verbs on the Bb．)You should try to remember them after class，0K?)
Ss：0K．
T：Now，the third sentence．Li Jing，you try，please．
Se：In this sentence，“his report’’is the object and“interesting”is the object
complement．
T：Good．Please sit down．We know that the infinitive and the noun can also be used as the object complement besides the adjective．Who can give us example．
Sg：They elected him chairman of the club．
T：Good．Now，1ook at the fourth sentence．Who’d like to have a try?
Sh：In this sentence“changing my job”is the object．
T：Right．Can you say some verbs that can only be followed by the v-ing form?
Si：Yes．Consider，delay，admit,enjoy，escape，finish，mind，miss，practise，require，suggest，avoid，keep，advise，and so on．
T：(Write the verbs on the Bb．)Good．Please sit down．Now，please look at
the fifth sentence．Zhang Kai，you try, please．
Sj：The object in it is“to go abroad”．
T：Right．And we’ve learnt that some verb~can only be followed by infinitives．Can you say more verbs like this?
Sk：Agree，ask，choose，demand，expect，hope，manage，offer，plan，promise，
pretend，refuse，wish，fail，afford，determine，and so on．
T：(Write the verbs on the Bb．)Very good．Please sit down．We’ve learnt some verbs that can be followed by either a v-ing form or an infinitive．But some of them have the same meaning when they take a v-ing form or an infinitive．Who can give some examples?
Sl：Continue，like，love，begin，start，bear，attempt，hate and so on．
T：(Write the words on the Bb．)Good．And some of them have different meanings when they take a v-ing form or an infinitive．What are they?
Sm：Forget，remember，regret，try, stop, need，mean and so on．
T：(Write the verbs on the Bb．)Now，look at the last sentence. What’s the object in it?
Step Ill Consolidation
T：Good．Today we’ve reviewed The Object．Now，let’s do some exercises to master it better．Look at the screen．please．you can have a discussion with your partner or discuss them in groups of four．When you all finish them．we’11 check the answers．
(Show the following on the screen．)
I．Fill in each blank using the correct verb form．
1．Xiao Li is used to ____(do)the work．
2．Scientists have found ways to prevent air from ______ (pollute)．
3．Missing the bus means_______ (walk) home．
4．He forgot ______ (hand) the manager his business card so he handed him
another one．
5．Tom’s parents don’t allow Tom _______ (go)swimming．
6．I can’t help ________ (paint)the wall, for I’ve got a lot of work to do．
7．She failed ________(buy)a film ticket．
8．I don’t think it easy for_______ (answer)the question．
9．Betty didn’t expect him ______ (treat)like that．
10．I can’t but ______ (ask) _______ (give)another chance．
Suggested answers：
1．doing 2．being polluted 3．walking 4．handing／having handed 5．to go
6．(to)paint 7．to buy 8．to answer 9．to be treated 10．ask；to be given
II．Choose the best answer for each blank．
1．I found________ necessary for a middle school student to master at least a
foreign language．
A．that B．very C. it D. no
2．They felt it a pity__________ us in time．
A．it not B．not
C．not being D．are
3．I think it better________ the truth.
A．you should tell B. for you to tell
C．of you to tell D．you
4．She asked ________ a room.
A．given
B．to be given
C．giving
5．He went to the ball without __________
A．invited
B．being invited
C．inviting
6．No one likes________ at in public
A．1aughing
B．being laughed
C．1aughed
7．This factory is quite different from _________before．
A．what it was B．that it was
C．which it was D．what it was
8．I’1l give this book to________ wants to have it．
A．whomever
B．whoever
C．no matter whom
D．whatever
Suggested answers：
1．C 2．B 3．B 4．B 5. B 7. A 8．B
Step IV Test
T：Now let’s have a test. (show the screen．)Complete the following sentences using your own words. Do it all by yourselves and then check your answers in groups of four. Please look at the screen．
Complete the following sentences using your own words．
1．I don’t know…．
2．I think…．
3. Please tell…….
4. I remember……..
5. Thank you……..
6．These doors and windows…．
7．We should…．
8．I don’t think…．
9．Please remember…．
10．Please try…．
Suggested answers：
1．I don’t know where the teacher is．
2．I think it important that we should take part in the discussion．
3．Please tell him not to be 1ate again．
4．I remember giving (having given)him the book yesterday．
5．Thank you for helping me．
6．These doors and windows need painting．
7．We should keep it in mind that our country is a developing one．
8．I don’t think that that shop assistant is honest．
9．Please remember to bring me the dictionary next time．
10．Please try reading the new words again．
Step V Summary and Homework
T：In this class，we’ve reviewed the object and done some exercises to consolidate
it．After class you should do more practice to master it better．That’s all for today．See you!
Step VI The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 4 Gteen worlds
The Fifth Period
Grammar：The object
v．+Oi+Od
give，lend，bring，fetch take，pass，send；ask，write，tell，show，teach，make， buy…
v．+v-ing
consider，delay，admit，enjoy，escape，finish。mind，practise，miss，require，suggest，avoid，keep，advise…
v．+to do．
Agree, ask, choose, hope, demand, expect, manage, offer, plan, promise, pretend。refuse，wish，fail，afford，determine.
v-ing／to do
The same meaning：
continue。like，love，begin，start，bear，attempt。hate…
Different meanings：
forget．remember，regret．try，stop，need，mean，want…
StepⅦ Record after Teaching