高 二 英 语（第18讲）
主讲：郑天德 （苏州中学）
[教学内容与目的要求]
一、教学内容：
高中英语第二册（上）
二、教学要求：
1、掌握本单元的单词、词组与句型。
2、学会几句常用口语：
It’s clear that all the rivers here are polluted. 显然这里所有的河流都污染了。
I believe that we must do something about air pollution.
我相信我们得做一些事情来解决空气污染问题。
You can’t imagine that there are so many cars climbing along such crowded streets in the rush hour.
你难以想象在高峰时那么多的汽车在那么拥挤的街道上爬行的情景。
It would be better if the government didn’t stress just the importance of GDP.
如果政府不是只重视GDP就要好些了。
3、语法：倒装
[复习要点]
一、重要单词：
ecology issue summarize content representative sustainable contaminate sanitation access rural poverty violence premier stress equality fairness cooperation proper harmony per alternative affect defend
二、重点词组：
sustainable development 可持续发展
take action 采取行动
put an end to 结束
wipe out 消灭
[难点讲解]
1、At the Stockholm summit, representatives from more than one hundred countries discussed some of the most important problems facing our planet.
在斯德哥尔摩峰会上，一百多个国家的代表讨论了我们地球目前面临的重大问题。
face作为及物动词使用，主宾互换意义不变，试看以下例子：
Such was the situation we were facing.
facing us
我们面临的困难就是这样的。
The new government faced many problems.
Many problems faced the new government. 新政府面临许多问题。
cf. They faced boldly the difficulties and overcame them.
他们勇敢面对困难，并克服了它们。
（这句有boldly，指人，当然只能人they作主语）
We are now faced with the burring threat of war. 我们正面临战争威胁。
facing
Faced with the evidence, he had to confess. 面对证据，他只能坦白。
Facing
2、One of the main themes of the summit was “sustainable development”, or the question how we can continue developing the world without damaging the environment.
其主题之一是“可持续发展”，也就是如何在不破坏环境的情况下让世界继续发展的问题。
这句中or = that is进一步说明或解释，不作“或者，选择”解。
There are six cash points, or ATMs, in the main airport terminal.
3、20% of the people on earth do not have access to clean drinking water.
地球上20%的人喝不到干净的饮用水。
access不可数名词，有办法、通路、使用、进入等多种意义，常接介词to，注意以下例子的译文：
Access to the town was across a narrow bridge. 进小镇要通过一座小桥。
Switzerland has access to the sea via the River Rhine. 瑞士经莱茵河通海洋。
Only high officials and their families had access to the privilege.
只有高官与他们的家人才拥有这个特权。
Students have access to the library during the vacation.
学生在假期可使用图书馆。
The government should provide access to jobs for peasants who have no land.
政府应为没有土地的农民提供求业机会。
Only a few people have access to the full facts of the case.
只有多数人才了解这个事情的细节。
Students need easy access to books. 学生需要能容易得到书籍的途径。
4、All too often, global development means that rich people get richer while the poor get poorer get richer while the poor get poorer.
全球发展常常意味着富人更富，穷人更穷。
all强调too often，其他例子有：
There are trees all along the road.
He lived in a tiny cottage all by himself.
all alone.
I’m all in favor of your suggestion.
All too often in this developing country, the few’s growing rich means thousands of deaths in coal mines, the damage of the environment and government corruption.
5、… who stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world.
他强调世界范围内的平等与公正。
stress and emphasize的异同：
①作强调解，同义：
但stress倾向于人作主语。
I stressed/emphasized the importance of coming early.
She emphasized/stressed that her novels were not written for children.
His speech emphasized the use for conservation of wildlife.
He
Your test should emphasize the vocabulary item more frequently used.
你的测验重点应放在较常用的词汇上。
②意为重读时，只用stress：
Should we stress the last syllable in “violin”?
He stressed the word “danger”.
Stress the important words of a sentence.
6、The future of our planet is at stake. 我们这颗行星的未来生死未卜。
at stake表示指一旦失败就完完了的危险，或性命攸关的要紧，见以下例子：
The peace of the country is at stake.
The firemen acted quickly because lives were at stake.
He had more at stake in this adventure.
7、Nothing could be further from the truth.
没有任何事情比这观点离事实更远/更不符合事实真相。
这观点在这句中省略了，（省去了than …）就是指前文的what we do in our everyday life has no effect on big problems.
8、The leaders at the summit applauded the speech, …
参加会的领导人为这演讲鼓掌，…
v.i 鼓掌：
Everyone stood up to applaud.
They kept applauding long after the performance.
v.t 为……鼓掌：
The audience applauds anything that pleases it in a play or concert.
They audience applauds the great scientist.
his speech.
v.t 转义，赞同，称赞：
I applaud your decision.
His efforts were applauded by all.
9、content
adj 满足的，满意的
She seemed content.
You should be content with what you have.
He was content to eat the leftovers.
v.t 使……满足
The cozy fire and good company contented him.
John contented himself with two beers though he could have had more.
过去分词相当于content adj：
Everybody feels contented.
content.
Some people are never contented
content.
He seems quite contented with his wife.
content
n 内容（多作复数），含量，内涵（不可数）。
Empty out the contents of your purse.
I wondered whether he already knew the contents of my email.
The content of this can is salty fish.
Its carbon content is 40%.
The content of his argument was weak.
[语法] 倒 装
一、语法倒装：
谓语的助动词或情态动词部分放在主语之前，亦可称部分倒装。
①用于疑问句：
Do you speak English?
What can I do for you?
②用于条件从句：
Were she here, she would support me.
Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something.
Should anyone call, tell him to wait for me here.
③以否定词（never, little, hardly, seldom, scarcely etc）开头的句子：
Seldom does he watch TV in the evening.
Never have I seen the movie before.
Hardly had he finished when someone rose to refuse his views.
他刚说完就有人起来反驳他的观点。
Not a word would he say. 他一句话也不愿说。
Not until he came did we begin the dinner.
④Not only …及So … that等句型中：
Not only did he speak English correctly, but he spoke fluently too.（后句不倒装）
So fast did the thief run that no policeman caught up with him.
⑤only引导的状语在句首：
Only in this way can we stop air pollutions.
Only when everyone knows how to protect our environment will the earth be saved.
⑥“也”与“也不”：
He likes playing GBA; so do I.
She can’t swim; nor/neither can he.
⑦表示祝愿：
Long live liberty! 自由万岁！
May you make more money! 恭喜发财！
二、结构倒装：为了保持句子平衡，或强调某一成分，或在某些引导词结构，可将谓语全部置于主语之前，或称全部倒装。
①引导词（there, here, now, then）引起的句子：
There stood a high pine tree on the top of the mountain.
There comes the bus!
Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。
Then came wind, hail and frost. 接着又是风灾、冰雹与霜冻。
Here are some DVDs. 这里有些DVD片。
②保持句子平衡：
Soon came a new development that had far reaching effects. 不久有了有深远影响的新发展。
“Help! Help!” cried the little girl.
Before them lay miles of green fields.
③强调成分前置：
To this list may be added the following names.
Below is a swimming pool.
Seated on the ground is a blind beggar, playing the violin.
Next to the lake is a restaurant where we can have Chinese food.
④out, in, up, down, away等状语在前以示形象，生动：
Up went the rocket into the sky.
Following the roar, out rushed a fierce tiger from among the trees.
*上述句型主语是人称代词时，谓语不倒装：
Up it went into the sky.
Out it rushed from among the tree.
Away they went.
Here it is./ Here you are.
There it comes.
同步练习
一、单项选择：
1、In life there are always a lot of difficulties __________ without fear.
A. facing us B. we should face C. we face with D. facing to us
2、Recently most graduates from college have found it difficult to have _______ well-paid jobs.
A. a way to B. an access to C. access to D. access to get
3、His article ______ the importance of prevention of AIDS.
A. stressed B. emphasized C. was stressed on D. was emphasized with
4、The students _______ the old scientist’s inspiring lecture. Choose the wrong answer:
A. applauded B. applauded for C. applauded after D. applauded frequently in
5、He _______ with his new house. Choose the wrong answer:
A. contented B. felt content C. was contented D. seemed contented
6、Rarely ______ such a silly thing.
A. have I heard of B. I’ve heard of
C. have heard of I D. have heard I of
7、A. Flew down the plane. B. Flew the plane down.
C. Down did the plane fly. D. Down flew the plane.
8、Only after his death ________ correct.
A. was his theory considered B. his theory was considered
C. was considered his theory D. did his theory consider
9、“Where is our school bus?”
“Oh, _________.”
A. there comes it B. here comes it C. here it comes D. it comes there
10、A. Not only did he make a promise, also he kept it.
B. Not only did he make a promise, but also did he keep it.
C. Not only he made a promise, but he kept it.
D. Not only made he a promise, but he kept too.
二、阅读理解：
Thus the speech ended. Lincoln spoke for less than three minutes: the photographer who was standing in front of him did not even have time to take a picture. The speech was over almost before it began.
On the platform Edward Everett, the great speechmaker, whispered to Secretary of State Seward: “It is not what I expected from him. I am disappointed.” Seward, too, thought that the President had given a poor speech.
Lincoln himself felt bad about his speech: he thought that it did not have the effect that he hoped it would have, that in fact it “fell on the audience like a wet blanket.” Later he said, “I ought to have prepared it with more care.”
The newspapers too were not impressed by the President’s Gettysburg Address. The nearby Harrisburg paper considered it “silly” while the reporter of the London Times thought the speech dull and commonplace. The first favorable comment came from the Chicago Tribune, and was followed by the Springfield Republican, a Massachusetts newspaper. “Turn back and read it over,” it advised. “It will repay study as a model speech …”
1、Lincoln spoke for a short time because ________.
A. he was given less than three minutes
B. he didn’t like to have his picture taken
C. he hadn’t prepared his speech carefully
D. he had prepared a very short speech
2、Both Everett and Seward considered Lincoln’s speech poor because _________.
A. his speech was not good enough
B. his speech was too short
C. his speech was dull and commonplace
D. his speech hadn’t any good effect
3、Which of the following is not true?
A. A photographer wanted to take a picture.
B. Lincoln was not pleased with his own speech.
C. Lincoln’s speech wouldn’t become a model speech.
D. Newspapers paid much attention to Lincoln’s speech.
4、From the lines we can see that _______ at first.
A. few people made a careful study of Lincoln’s speech
B. only two famous men did not praise Lincoln’s speech
C. Most people studied Lincoln’s speech very carefully
D. Many people were against Lincoln as a president.
5、The main idea of the passage is _________.
A. how Lincoln spoke at an important ceremony
B. why people didn’t appreciate Lincoln’s speech
C. how people commented on Lincoln’s speech
D. what Lincoln thought of his own speech
参 考 答 案
一、1、B 2、C 3、B 4、B 5、A 6、A 7、D 8、A 9、C 10、A
二、1、D 2、B 3、C 4、A 5、C