高 二 英 语
主讲：郑天德 （苏州中学）
[教学内容]
高中英语第二册（上）
教学要求：
1、掌握本单元的单词，词组与句型。
2、学会几句常用口语：
Don’t you think that Ireland belongs to the UK? 你不认为爱尔兰属于联合王国吗？
I’m not so sure about that. 我吃不准。
No, you are wrong thinking so. 不，你这样想是借的。
Surely it must be an independent republic. 它一定是个独立的共和国。
I believe that you’ve got it right. 你想你对了。
3、语法：名词性从句⑴
[知识重点与学习难点]
1、The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.
大不列颠由三个国家组成，这个事实许多人还不知道。
这里that…是名词性从句作同位语，是指这个事实。make up是主动式，上句可改成：
Three counties make up Great Britain.
被动式总是be made up of = consist of 意为由……组成，其中of不能代之by。
make up其他一些常见用法：
John made up a joke about the talking dog. 约翰编了一个会讲话狗的笑话。
You must make up the work you missed. 你一定得把你没做完的工作补上。
Most women make up (their faces). 大多数女人都化妆。
Pay increases will not always make up for poor working conditions.
增加工资不总是能弥补恶劣的工作条件。
2、The British Isles are a group of islands that lies off the west coast of Europe.
不列颠群岛是位于欧洲西海岸外面的一群岛屿。
群岛作为整体集合作单数，作为许多岛屿也可作复数处理，所以这出现了are与lies似乎矛盾的现象。
off the coast 指海岸外，在海上。 on the coast 指在海岸线上，海边，大陆上。
见例：
The city lies on the west coast of America. 这城市位于美国西海岸。
The small island lies 70 miles off the east coast of America.
这小岛位于美国东海岸外70英里处。
3、In the summer months the difference in temperature between London and the north can be as much as nine degrees. 夏日伦敦与北方的温差可达九度。
There could be as many as six hundred thousand sheep fed within six miles of Salisbury, measuring every way round and the town in the center.
计算一下以索尔兹伯里市为中心的方圆六英里内，养有多达60万只羊。
这里as much as与as many as同义，多达……，但温度是不可数名词（尽管degrees是复数）只能用as much as，而羊是可数名词当然用as many as …，又例：
The maglev can move as much as 400 kilometers per hour.
磁悬浮列车的速度每小时高达400公里。
They have built as many as 180 bridges so far. 至今为止他们造了多达180座桥。
4、make use of, make the best of及make the most of：
这三个短语都有利用之意，但有细别：
make use of 利用
Do you want to make use of the waste paper? 你要利用这些废纸吗？
You should make good use of your spare time. 你应该好好利用你的空余时间。
The main use they make of the satellite is to broadcast TV programs.
他们利用这卫星的主要用途是传播电视节目。
make the most of 充分利用
George studied hard. He wanted to make the most of his chance to learn.
full use
乔治努力学习。他要充分利用他的学习机会。
make the best of，尽量利用，善用，含有使不利变有利的意义：
Make the best of your limited time. 善用你有限的时间。
We have lost the train, but we must make the best of it.
我们误了火车，但我们必须尽量不弄得更糟。
Since we can’t find a bigger apartment, we’ll have to make the best of what we have.
既然我们找不到更大的公寓，就得好好适应我们的现状。
5、It is twenty five miles across the fields to Salisbury. 跨越25英里的田野到达索尔兹伯里。
这里用across不用from，因田野是一片不是一个地点，from … to是指两点之间：
It is 2 kilometers from my home to school. 从我家到学校有2公里。
It is 500 miles across the desert to the small town. 越过沙漠到这个小镇要走500英里。
小结it的无人称用法：
①上述例子it是指距离。
②可指时间：
It’s 5.00 now. It is Monday today.
③指天气：
It’s warm. It rains every day.
④指环境：
It is noisy in the classroom. It is very beautiful beside the lake.
6、As we traveled through this country, we saw many old relics from ancient times and ruin of the native population of this kingdom.
我们旅行穿过乡村时，看到了许多古代的文物，还有这个王国土著人的废墟。
这句as与when同义，更强调同步，含一边旅行，一边观光之意，又例：
Helen listened to music as she washed. He washed as he passed.
As it grew darker, it became colder.
7、It is built where two rivers come together. 它建于两河交汇处。
where是地点状语从句：
I found the books where I left them.
Where there’s plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.
8、kind与sort。
两词同义，但sort可作动词，作分类解。
①表示种类：
all kinds/sorts of books/food 各种书/食物
different
many 许多种书/食物
three 三种书/食物
this kind/sort of book/food或books/food this kind/sort 这种书/食物
that that 那种书/食物
a kind/sort of book/food 一种书/食物
of a kind/sort 贬义：
They are all of a kind/sort. 他们都是一类人。
a poet of a kind/sort 蹩脚诗人 coffee of a kind/sort 劣质咖啡
②转义：
He is a kind /sort of genus. 他可算一个天才。
I feel kind of cold. 我觉得有点冷。
sort
She kind of hoped he would come. 她多少有点希望他会来。
sort of
9、Although a small country, it has an amazing history of over 5000 years.
虽然是个小国但它有5000多年的惊人的历史。
这Although是省略从句 = Although it is a small country, …如改成in spite of或despite则应：
In spite of being a small country, being不去掉为宜。
Despite
10、Since Ireland became independent, the Irish government has recognized that if nothing is done, this part of Irish culture will disappear.
自从爱尔兰独立以来，爱尔兰政府已经认识到如果不采取对策，爱尔兰文化会灭亡。
recognize的一些常见用法：
I recognize you now; you were my neighbor ten years ago.
我认出你了；你是我十年前的邻居。
He recognized that he was not fit for the post. 他认识到（承认）他不能胜任这个职位。
I recognize your right to ask that question. 我承认你有权问这个问题。
They agreed to recognize the republic in the end.
他们最后终于同意承认这个共和国。
[语法] 名词性从句⑴
该单元讲述that型名词性从句，该从句可看作由陈述句转换来，只要前置that：
That earth goes around the sun. → that the earth goes around the sun
1、作主语：
That the earth goes around the sun is known to all.
或形式主语先行：
It is known to all that ….
2、作宾语：
Even a child knows that the earth goes around the sun.
Though Galileo made it clear that … , most people didn’t believe him.（形式宾语先行）
that型名词性从句一般不作介词宾语。
3、作表语：
The fact is that the earth goes around the sun.
4、作同位语：
People didn’t agree to the truth that the earth goes around the sun until the 16th century.
[同步练习]
一、单项选择：
1、Japan lies ______ the east coast of China.
A. to B. in C. on D. off
2、If you pay attention, you’ll find ______ 50 dogs around this block.
A. as much as B. as many as C. so much as D. so many as
3、_______ brave, they got defeated at last. Choose the wrong answer:
A. Though B. Despite C. Although they were D. Inspire of being
4、The world-famous jewel is made _____ four parts, each of which is made _____ diamond.
A. up of, of B. of, up of C. up for, from D. into, of
5、Defeated in the war, England had to _________ the independence of America.
A. agree B. recognize C. accept D. promise
6、I’ve only found some rice in the refrigerator, so we have to _______ of it.
A. make the most B. make full use C. make the best D. make good use
7、Because they walked into a very crowded street the little kid got ______ from them soon.
A. separated B. lost C. missing D. away
8、After the civil war, a new school was put up _____ there had once been a church.
A. in which B. when C. where D. on which
9、What those high officials say is often different from ______ they are doing.
A. how B. what C. that D. when
10、It is certain _________ we will land on Mars some day.
A. that B. whether C. how D. what
二、阅读理解：
In 1909 an English newspaper offered ￡1000 to the first man to fly across the English Channel in a plane. Today, modern jets cross it in minutes. But at that time it still seemed a good distance. The race to win the money soon became a race between two men. Both were very colorful.
One was Louis Bleriot, who owned a factory in France that made motorcar lamps. He was already well known as a pilot because he had crashed several times. Some people laughed at him. One man said, “He may not be the first to fly across the Channel, but he will certainly be the first to die in a crash!” But Bleriot was really a good and brave pilot.
The other man was Hubert Latham. He took up flying when his doctors told him he had only a year to live. “Oh, well,” he said, “if I’m going to die soon, I think I shall have a dangerous and interesting life now.” Latham was the first to try the flight across the Channel. Ten kilometers from the French coast, his plane had engine trouble. It crashed into the water and began to sink under the water. When a boat reached him. Latham was smoking calmly on the wing. Bleriot took off six days later. He flew into some very bad weather and very low cloud. Finally he got to the English side and landed in a farmer’s field. When he did so, a customs officer rushed up to his plane and asked, “Have you anything to declare?”
1、Bleriot had once been regarded as __________.
A. the first man crossing the Channel B. an excellent factory manager
C. an unskilled pilot D. a good and brave pilot
2、What happened just before Latham’s plane sank under the water?
A. A boat came in time to save him. B. He cried out for help.
C. The weather became worse and worse.
D. Something was seriously wrong with one of the wings.
3、Bleriot started his flight across the Channel __________.
A. but crashed into the water B. and almost crashed in low cloud over France
C. but had to turn back when his engine went wrong
D. and succeeded in reaching England
4、We can conclude that in the end __________.
A. nether Bleriot nor Latham won the race
B. Bleriot won ￡1000 offered by the newspaper
C. Latham won ￡1000 offered by the newspaper
D. ￡1000 was shared between Latham and Bleriot
5、What kind of man would you say Hubert Latham was?
A. He was not interested in life. B. He was full of courage.
C. He was a bit foolish. D. He was very proud of his flying skill.
参考答案
一、1、D 2、B 3、B 4、A 5、B 6、C 7、A 8、C 9、B 10、A
二、1、C 2、A 3、D 4、B 5、B