高 二 英 语（第6讲）
主讲：郑天德 （苏州中学）
[教学内容]
高二英语第二册（上）
[教学要求]
1、掌握本单元的单词，词组与句型。
2、学会几句常用口语：
I’m interested to read some Shakespeare’s sonnets.
我有兴趣读点莎士比亚的十四行诗。
I’ve never heard of Robert Frost, so I’m very interested in his poems.
我从没听说过罗伯特弗罗斯特，所以我对他的诗很有兴趣。
I think it (will be ) too difficult to write a sonnet.
我想写一首十四行诗太难了。
I don’t know much about John Milton except his “Paradise Lost”.
我除了他的“失乐园”，对约翰弥尔顿不甚了解。
3、语法：过去分词作状语。
[知识重点与学习难点]
一、重要单词：
poem poetry poet intention recite pattern dialogue sort fantasy grammar glory sonnet absence district isle atmosphere introduction embrace tale shade extraordinary idiom crow mood apart insane essay recommend contribute
二、重点词组：
play with … 玩要……，与……一起玩
call up 唤起，调动，打电话
stand out 出类拔萃，突出
come into being 出现，形式
[难点讲解]
1、More than any other form of literature, poetry plays with sounds, words and grammar.
诗歌胜过任何其他文学形式更灵活地运用声音，词汇与语法。
上句中more than的用法是习语，又例：
They were more than glad to help. 他们非常乐意来帮忙。
He was more than upset by the accident.
对那个事故他远不止是烦恼。
Newspapers and other media do more than simply record what happens.
报纸与其他媒体不仅仅是记录发生的事情而已。
（注意比较上述例句的译文。）
play的常见用法：
v.t. play football 踢足球 play cards 打牌
play chess 下棋
play the piano 弹钢琴
the violin 拉小提琴
与……比赛/下棋……
We’ll play Class 3 at football.
Will you play me at chess?
Smith is playing the former champion in the tennis match.
史密斯正在与前网球冠军比赛。
New York played Chicago for the baseball championship.
纽约与芝加哥争夺棒球冠军。
另有：
play “Hamlet” 演“汉姆雷特”这出戏
play (“the role/part of ”) Julie 扮演朱丽叶这角色
play a trick on … 捉弄
a joke
v.i. 玩，玩弄
Children like to play.
Can Bob come out to play with me? 鲍勃能出来和我一起玩吗？
The cat is playing with a football. 这猫正在玩一个足球。
He is a playboy. He’s always playing with a girl’s affections.
他是个花花公子，他总是玩弄女孩的感情。
2、Poetry also calls up all the colors, feelings, experiences and curious images of a dream world.
诗歌也能唤起梦幻世界中的一切色彩、情感、经历与各种奇妙的形象。
这里call up意为remind，唤起，但用法上有异，试比较：
His story called up (in my mind) a terrible experience I had last year.
reminded me of
他的故事使我想起我去年的一次可怕的经历。
3、Modern English started around the time of William Shakespeare towards the end of the sixteenth century.
现代英语大约是在16世纪末莎士比亚时代开始的。
around大约，与about同义，在不定的数词前some也有此义：
He is only about/around/some five feet tall.
The journey will take us about/around/some ten days.
The date of his death may be set around/about 86 B.C.
He lived about/around the same time as Einstein.
towards用于时间，意为快到，临近：（注意与until比较）
We arrived at the village towards 9 o’clock. (We didn’t arrive at the village until 9 o’clock.)
The rain stopped towards morning. (The rain didn’t stop until morning.)
4、John Keats died at a very young age in 1821;while William Wordsworth, who spent much of his time in the English Lake District, lived to the age of 80 and died in 1850.
约翰济慈英年早逝于1821年，而威廉华兹华斯很长时间在英格兰湖区渡过，享年80岁，1850年逝世。
这里to意为到（某时）常可用till/until代之，意义不变：
To/Until the day of his death he kept up his studies.
He teaches from morning to/till four o’clock..
但否定句不能用until/till替换。
I didn’t stay to the end of the meeting. 我没耽到会议结束。
(cf. I didn’t leave until the end of the meeting. 我直到会议结束才走。这句如用持续动词stay，会有歧义，无法理解。)
5、The style and atmosphere in their poems has often led to comparisons with poets such as Du Fu and Li Bai. 他们的诗作的风格与气氛常常导致与杜甫、李白的比较。
①领导，带领之意，不跟to do：
He led the Allied forces during the war. 他在战争期间领导盟军。
The Party leads us (in) building socialism. 党领导我们建设社会主义。
He led a human right movement in the late 1980s. 他在80年代领导一场人权运动。
②使某人做某事：
What led him to run away? 什么使他逃之夭夭？
The news leads me to believe that they will come. 这个消息使我相信他们会来的。
③lead to导致，to是介词。
Herd work leads to success. All roads lead to Rome.
The heavy rain led to a flood.
偶尔也用作v.t.：
What led you to (drawing) this conclusion? 什么导致你得出这个结论？
6、The introduction of English poetry to China came late. 英语诗歌传入中国比较晚。
动词introduce的使用，有一定难度，注意以下用法：
①介绍人与人之间的认识：
Allow me to introduce my friend Mr. Smith to you.
The chairman introduced the lecturer to the audience.
Have you been introduced? 你被引见了吗？
②介绍，使人们了解一种知识，运动或艺术等等。直接宾语是被介绍对象：
It was my cousin who introduced me to jazz.
My father introduced me to the game of baseball.
Let me introduce you to Keats’ long poems.
③传入，引入
Too many kinds of GM food have been introduced to China, which may bring about side effects.
Wang Shuo introduced the slang of Beijing street gangs into his novels.
王朔把北京街痞子的俚语引入了他的小说。
7、Besides, no matter how well a poem is translated, something of the spirit of the original work is lost. 一首诗不管译得多好，都会失去原作的神韵。
no matter how well …是让步状语从句，让我们小结一下让步状语从句的一些结构：
He didn’t light the fire though/although it was cold.
I’ll do it, even if/even though it takes all the afternoon.
Tall as/though he was, (yet) he couldn’t reach the apples.
Though/Although he was tall,
虽然他很高，但是他还是够不到那些苹果。
（可以与yet连用，但不能与but/however连用）
While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.
while作虽然解时，不能放在主句之后。
No matter what I did, no one paid any attentions. 不管我做什么，没有人理睬。
Whatever
Don’t believe the rumour, no matter who repeats it.
whoever
The book will be ready for him (no matter) whether he comes or not.
No matter how hard she worked, she failed the exam in the end.
However hard
No matter when and how the invaders come, they will be wiped out clean.
不管侵略者何时来怎样来，他们将被消灭干净。
（注意这里有when and how两个连词一般不用whenever and however并列替换。）
8、I started with small poems, but now I think I most like long poems.
我一开始读些短诗，但现在我想我最喜欢长诗了。
begin with, start with意为以什么为开始，一开始做什么，一般with后面不接动名词，只接名词、代词：
I began with some short stories.
reading some short stories. ×
我一开始读（或写，根据当时情景而理解）一些短篇小说。
He is starting with grammar.
teaching grammar. ×
他将先讲语法。
9、I close my book and my sadness is gone. 合上书本我的悲伤也就消失了。
gone是少数几个其过去分词可作非谓语的不及物动词之一，意为过去的，消失的，丢失的等等：
Her diamond necklace was gone. （表语）
I found my wallet gone. （宾补）
Don’t regret the gone case. （定语）
cf: He has gone. 他走了或他离开了。
He is gone. 他死了或他失踪了。
10、After Milton, almost every poet had a hand at this kind of poetry that was free of rhyme.
弥尔顿之后，几乎每一位诗人都写过这种无韵自由诗。
have a hand at/in … 参考，做过一点……，插手……
He had a hand at the gamble when he was young. 他年轻时干过赌博这行当。
None of your business, don’t have a hand in (it). 不要插手，与你无关。
He once had a hand at photography before he became an artist.
他成为画家前搞过摄影。
11、Modern poets wanted to break with all the traditional forms of poetry.
现代诗人要破除诗歌的传统形式。
这里break with = break away from
I should break with/break away from such habits.
He broke away from/broke with all his old friends.
[语法] 过去分词作状语
1、过去分词作状语进，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语：
Moved by the movie, Jane burst into tears. （原因）
Heated to 100℃, water boils. （条件/时间）
The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students. （方式/伴随状况）
上述过去分词作状语都有被动意义，可改成以下从句：
Because/As she was moved by the movie, …
If/When it is heated to 100℃, …
…, who was followed by a group of students.
前两句是状语从句，最后一句却是非限制性定语从句。
2、过去分词作状语时，为了强调条件让步时间等意义，常前置连词，常见的有：when, if, unless, until, till, once, although, though, even if, etc,但引导时间状语的while一般不能接过去分词，因为过去分词的完成过去的意义与之有矛盾：
Experience, when dearly bought, is of great value.
Once seen, it will be impressed in your memory.
John, don’t speak until spoken to.
Unless asked, you should keep silent.
If given another ten minutes, I’ll finish sending the email.
He is very modest though praised by all.
Even if taken good care of, the man was not satisfied.
同步练习
一、单项选择：
1、Who are you going to ________ in the tennis match?
A. play with B. play C. be played D. have played
2、They completed the new lab building _______ the end of summer vacation.
A. to B. until C. towards D. by
3、She introduced _____________.
A. Suzhou gardens to American friends
B. American friends to Suzhou gardens
C. American friends Suzhou gardens
D. Suzhou gardens for American friends
4、The computer __________. Choose the wrong answer:
A. belongs to Tom B. belongs to mine
C. is his D. is Tom’s
5、Jack’s surfing the net far into the night led to __________ to school again the next day.
A. come late B. coming late C. come later D. coming later
6、More and more students are ______ the Net these years.
A. interested to surf B. interested surfing
C. interest in surfing D. interested to surfing
7、Nowadays many people ______ the habit of staying up watching TV till midnight.
A. fall B. fall in C. fall into D. fall with
8、Teddy decided to ______ the street gang.
A. break away with B. break from C. break away D. break with
9、_________ the question, he didn’t know what to say.
A. Asking B. Asked C. To ask D. Having asked
10、Though __________ much money, yet he became a beggar a few weeks later.
A. giving B. having given C. being given D. given
二、英诗汉译：
以下是美国诗人朗弗罗（Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 1807-1882）的一首名诗“生命颂”，请将它译成中文：
A PSALM OF LIFE
WHAT THE HEART OF YOUNG MAN SAID TO THE PSALMIST
Tell me not, in mournful numbers,
“Life is but an empty dream！”
For the soul is dead that slumbers,
And things are not what they seem.
Life is real! Life is earnest!
And the grave is not its goal:
“Dust thou art, to dust returnest,”
Was not spoken of the soul.
Not enjoyment, and not sorrow.
Is our destined end or way;
But to act, that each to-morrow
Find us farther than to-day.
Art is long, and Time is fleeting,
And our hearts, though stout and brave,
Still, like muffled drums, are beating
Funeral marches to the grave.
In the world’s broad field of battle,
In the bivouac of Life,
Be not like dumb, driven cattle！
Be a hero in the strife！
Trust no Future, howe’er pleasant!
Let the dead Past bury its dead!
Act, -act in the living Present!
Heart within, and God o’erhead!
Lives of great men all remind us
We can make our lives sublime,
And, departing, leave behind us
Footprints on the sands of time;
Footprints, that perhaps another,
Sailing o’er life’s solemn main,
A forlorn and shipwrecked brother,
Seeing, shall take heart again.
Let us, then, be up and doing,
With a heart for any fate;
Still achieving, still pursuing,
Learn to labor and to wait.
参考答案
一、1、B 2、C 3、B 4、B 5、B 6、A 7、C 8、D 9、B 10、D
二、难点注译：
生命颂
第1行 numbers 韵律，语调
第7行 thou art = you are returnest = return
第18行 bivouac 露营地
第21行 howe’er = however
第24行 o’erhead = overhead
第26行 sublime 崇高，伟大
第27行 departing 逝世
第30行 main 海洋（诗歌用语）
第32行 take heart 得到鼓舞
第33行 up and doing 积极行动起来