高 二 英 语（第1讲）
主讲：郑天德 （苏州中学）
[教学内容与目的要求]
一、教学内容
高中英语第二册（上） Unit 1 Making a difference
二、教学要求：
1、掌握本单元的单词，词组与句型。
2、掌握几句常用口语。
There’s no doubt that human right are above all.
毫无疑问人权高于一切。
It’s clear that he has made rapid progress in English this year.
显然今年他英语学习进步很快。
It’s hard to say. 很难说。
What’s your idea? 你有什么想法？
Have you thought about giving up smoking?
你考虑过戒烟吗？
3、语法：复习不定式
[知识重点与学习难点]
一、重要单词：
genius inspiration perspiration undertake analysis obvious quote gravity radioactivity euripus debate scan boundary incurable exploration disable theory seek misunderstand observe predict astronomer heaven intelligent patient
二、重点词组：
dream of sth 梦想（做）……
doing sth
turn out (to do) … 结果（是）……
use up 用完
What if the spaceship moves faster than light?
要是宇宙飞船超光速将会怎能样呢？
the other way around 相反地，从相反方向
[难点讲解]
1、Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety nine percent perspiration.
天才是百分之一的天赋，百分之九十九的勤奋。
这句percent这后不能加of，因为这里不是指灵感的百分之一及勤奋的百分之九十九，如用of应是：One percent of genius is inspiration, and 99percent, perspiration.
又如：40% of the students are girls in the school.
我校40%是女生。
Blacks make up 20 percent of the population here.
这里人口的20%是黑人。
上句用法必须加of，其他分数也是如此：
Three fourths of his stomach was cut off in the operation.
手术中他四分之三的胃被切除。
2、There did not seem much point in working on my PhD - I did not expect to survive that long.
攻读博士学位对我来说似乎没有多大意义了，我没期望活那么久。
这里point不可数，意为：理由、意义必要等等，试看以下例子：
There’s no point in doing it. 做这事没用处。
What’s the point of telling her again?
有必要再跟她说吗？
There seems very little point in debating about the problem.
争论这个问题似乎没什么意义。
这句中that long也可用this，与so替代，但that与this比so程度上更确定，这句中就是指医生确诊还能活的那么一般时间，so往往不那么确定，往往面谈，试比较：
It’s so hot today. 今天那么热。
He’s so busy. 他是那么的忙。
Look, can you run that fast?
看，你能跑那么快吗？（有确定的对照）
I’ve hover worked this late before.
我从没工作到这么晚。（指我说这话时的确定时间）
3、Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamt of.
他也不让疾病妨碍他过他一直梦想哪种生活。
否定词放在句首时，句子要采用语法倒装（象疑问名那样的结构）：
Never have I seen so thrilling a movie.
我从没看过那么惊险的电影。
Seldom is he late for school.
他很少上学迟到。
Not until you’ve fished your homework can you watch the sports program on TV.
你做完作业才能看体育节目。
4、Readers were pleased and surprised to find that ancients could write about his word is a way that ordinary people could understand.
读者惊喜地发现一个科学家能用他们看得懂的方式写书。
To explain what they have cent, they build a theory about the way in what things happen and the camases and effects.
为了解释他们的发现，他们建立了一个有关现象发生的方式，原因及后果的理论。
注意上述二句中way后面的定语从句：
第一句： … in a way that …这里that是understand的宾语，可以用which替代，也可省去，但决不能用in which替代。
第二句： …about the way in which …这里in which是定语从句中的方式状语可用that 代之也可省去，但决不能用which替代。
再比较以下例子：
He always behaves in the way that I hate.
which
／
我很讨厌他平时的举止行为。
I don’t like the way in which he talks to me.
that
／
我不喜欢他与我讲话的腔调。
5、Scientists, on the other hand, Hawking writes know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong.
写道，科学回家知道他们的工作永远不会终结，最好的理论是为被证明错误的。
turn out这里意为，结果是，最终发现是，最后证明是等先进事迹一种常见的用法，后面接形容词时to be 常可省略：
The examination turned out (to be) easy.
The noise turned out to be the dog scratching of the door.
这怪声结果发现是狗抓门的声音。
It looked like rain this morning, but it has turned out to be a fine day.
(to be) fine.
6、If knowledge is power, as Sir Francis Bacon wrote in 1507, then perhaps creativity can be described as the ability to use that power.
如果像弗朗西斯培根在1507年所写的，知识就是力量的话，那么创造力就可能被定义为使用那力量的能力。
这句中as引导的是限制定语从句，as是关系代词指“知识就是力量”这句话是wrote的宾语，其他例子有：
As he knew, she wasn’t good maths Liu Xiang won the gold medal in the 110 - meter high hurdles, as we have seen on TV.
正如我们在电视上看到的，刘翔赢了110米的金牌。
7、Despite this warning, Hawking found it necessary to in clue one equation.
不管这个警告，露茜发现必须引入一个公式。
despite = in spite of 不管表示让步意义
He came to the meeting in spite of /despite his serious illness.
虽然他病得厉害，他还是去参加那个会议。
8、… he could also work out how far the stars would appear to have moved.
他也能算出恒星看上去似乎移动了多远。
这里appear相当于seem，但比seem更强调是表面所显示的不一定是真相；事实上恒星不动的，而线弯曲了，看上去象恒星位移了。其他例子：
He appeared to be talking to himself.
他好象在自言自语。
There appears to have been a mistuned standing.
看上去好象已经有了误会。
You appear to have traveled quite a lot.
看上去你好象跑了不少地方。
9、… it was said that only three people could understand it at the time.
据说当时只有三人能理解他的理论。
It is said that … 据说 ……之意
It was said
而It says that … 强调文字材料表达的内容
It said
试比较：
It is said that they have found water in Mars.
据说他们在火星上发现了水。
It says (in Boston Globe) that they have found water in Mars.
据（波士顿环球报）报道他们在火星上找到了水。
10、What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.
他要看到的是全世界都没有军队。
an end 意为结束，完结
Don’t worry, there will be on end to your troubles one day.
别担心，总有一天你的烦恼会烟消云散的。
I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.
我必须警告你我们耐心快到头了。
The meeting came to an end at last.
会议终于结束了。
[同步练习]
一、单项选择：
1、I don’t like watching cartoons; _________ playing PC game.
A、nor like I B、nor do I like
C、neither do I D、either I don’t like
2、He studies maths in the way ________ even the teacher is puzzled about.
A、which B、in which C、where D、as
3、_________ in the book that the Universe came for the Big Bay.
A、It is B、It was said C、It says D、It is said
4、Can “Green GDP” put ________ to the destruction of our environment?
A、the end of B、an end of
C、end to D、an end to
5、Choose the wrong sentence:
A、It seems that he has seen a ghost.
B、He appears to have seem a ghost.
C、He looks t have seem a ghost.
D、He seems to have seem a ghost.
6、___________, he went on climbing the high mountain. Choose the wrong answer:
A、Despite the rough weather B、In spite of the rough weather
C、As though the weather was rough
D、Though the rough weather
7、I feel it an honor ______ to attend the opening acrimony of the new library.
A、to invite B、to be invited
C、of being invited D、to have invited
8、_________ a famous university, we must work hard at senior high school.
A、To enter B、Entering C、Having entered D、Entered
9、I have a student ________ this afternoon.
A、talk to B、to talk to C、talking to D、talked to
10、I hurried to the bark only ________ it had closed.
A、finding B、found C、to find D、to have found
二、阅读理解
When you read the proof that today more than two and a half million children under six years old live in houses where there is the danger of lead poisoning, it is natural to ask how and why this situation has happened, and what can be done about it.
This threat to millions of children has growing through the years from several causes.
50 years ago all house paint was made with some amount of lead. The addition of lead made the paint dry faster and gave a shinier and harder finish(罩面漆). In fact, the more lead, the better and more expensive the paint, and some paint had as much as 50 percent lead.
Medical scientists, who had known for many years that lead could be poisonous when it got into the human body, finally began to speak out against the use of so much lead in places where people lived, worked and played. Then, 30 years ago the paint companies agreed to reduce the amount of lead in paint, especially that used on toys, children’s furniture and for inside walls and woodwork.
Although many--but not all--companies made an effort to reduce the use of lead, action was not quick enough to suit many public health officials and other concerned citizens. In 1972, a law was issued(提出) that, beginning in 1973, a new paint for sale on the market could not contain more than one half of one percent lead. This did not affect the old paint, of course. Some of it was over thirty years old on the walls of millions of homes.
During the post-war years, millions of Americans decided to move to larger cities and towns, away from small towns and farms. As cities grew, people from those cities moved out into the new suburbs. Many of the old houses in the cities were occupied by those who could not afford to have the houses newly-painted. Today, years later, the largest number of lead poisoning cases are being found in millions of older houses in the larger cities.
1、At one time paint that contained __________ was thought to be good.
A、no lead B、very little lead
C、a little lead D、a lot of lead
2、Factories began to reduce the use of lead __________.
A、after the second world war B、before 1972
C、after 1972 D、forty years ago
3、The largest number of lead poisoning cases today is found in _________.
A、poor areas of large cities. B、the countryside
C、rich suburbs around cities D、areas with newly built houses
4、The article suggest that heavily leaded paint is _________.
A、cheap B、fast drying
C、slow drying D、colorful
5、One can concluded after reading this article that ________.
A、although poisonous lead is useful when used in paint
B、lead is no longer used in paint
C、it’s not difficult to prevent lead poisoning
D、lead poisoning will continue to be a problem for some time
参 考 答 案
一、1、B 2、A 3、C 4、D 5、C 6、D 7、B 8、A 9、B 10、C
二、1、D 2、B 3、A 4、B 5、D