知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 unfair customer *avoid suitcase manage fold *vary crazy part firm handshake bow fist bend tap gently anger useless occur *focus *specific amusement *souvenir attraction collection castle *minority cartoon *thrill educate *conservation coastal divide *section *shuttle butterfly injury rocket helicopter carve achievement *civilization prevent handbag *twist darkness imagination designer endless
词组 ahead of give sb.a hand get through tear down hold up make a face in order cut off tell the truth take turns stare at * a variety of
语法 v.-ing 作主语、宾语、表语和状语
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.manage
例句集锦
v.
（1）He is managing the business for his father.
他在代他父亲做生意。
The company was badly managed.
这家公司经营不善。
（2）He couldn’t manage his horse,and it threw him to the ground.
他驾驭不了他的马，马把他摔在地上了。
He managed to organize a live concert.
=He succeeded in organizing a live concert.
他设法组织了一次现场直播的音乐会。
It’s heavy,but I can manage（to carry it）.
这东西很沉，但我能设法搬走。
（3）I have to manage with 10 dollars till payday.
我得用10块钱支撑到发薪日。
Can you manage another cake?
你还能再吃个蛋糕吗？
用法归纳
*manage用作动词，主要义项有：经营；管理（同义词：operate）；操纵；对付；设法做成；设法维持。名词：management 经营；管理；处理操作 manager经理。
特别提示
注意比较：manage to do sth.=succeed in doing sth.设法做成某事；try to do sth.表示尽力做某事，但不知道最终的结果；try doing sth.试图做某事；attempt to do尽力做。
2.occur
例句集锦
vi.
（1）It is said that the accident occurred at midnight.
据说那次车祸是深夜发生的。
He has concluded that changes occur in the bodies of birds due to seasonal changes in the length of daylight.
他得出结论日光在不同季节长短不同，鸟体内由此出现不同的变化。
（2）短语occur to sb.的意思为come into sb’s mind 想起；想到
An idea has occurred to me.
我想到了一个主意。
也可以使用句型：It occurs to sb.that...
It occurred to me that we should go there more often.
我想到我们应该更经常地到那里去。
（3）Three misprints occur on the first page.
第一页有三个地方印错。
用法归纳
*occur用作不及物动词，主要有以下义项：发生；（念头、想法等）想起；浮现；出现；存在。
特别提示
下列动词或短语都有“发生”的意思，并且都是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态：happen,take place,break out,come about。
3.prevent
例句集锦
v.
（1）We should do our best to prevent accidents.
我们应该尽力防止事故发生。
（2）However,some psychologists warn that too much study can prevent a child from developing normally.
然而心理学家警告说学生负担太重会阻止孩子正常发育。
In a similar way there are several gases in the atmosphere which trap the heat produced by the sun and prevent it from escaping.
同样的道理，大气层中的多种气体可以捕捉太阳产生的热量，并阻止它扩散。
Their prompt actions prevented the fire from spreading.
他们敏捷的行动阻止了火势的蔓延。
Her sudden arrival prevented him（from）going out.
她突然来到使他不能外出。
用法归纳
*prevent用作动词，表示“妨碍；阻碍；防止；预防”的意思。其常用结构有：prevent sth.和prevent sb.（from）doing sth.。
特别提示
下列动词的结构相同：prevent...from...;stop...from...;keep...from...。但是keep...from...中的from不能省略。短语keep...doing的意思为“使某人一直做”。在被动语态中，以上短语中的介词from都不能省略。
4.avoid
例句集锦
vi.
（1）Fortunately,we were able to avoid an accident.
我们幸而逃过了一场灾难。
The car turned to the left to avoid a collision.
那辆车子为避免冲撞而左转。
（2）I tried to avoid meeting him because he always bored me.
我尽量避免遇见他，因为他总是使我厌烦。
用法归纳
*avoid用作及物动词，主要义项有：逃避；避免；回避。可以跟名词、代词或v.-ing形式作宾语。avoidable adj. 可避免的； avoidance n. 逃避；回避
特别提示
注意比较：fail to do sth.没有（没能）做成某事。e.g.Never fail to write to me.千万别忘了给我写信。miss doing 错过做……；躲过。e.g.I missed buying the May number of the magazine.我没买到五月份的杂志。escape doing 逃离（灾难）。e.g.He escaped being punished.他逃过了惩罚。
●重点短语
1.take turns
例句集锦
We take turns at cooking.我们轮流做饭。
Mary and Helen took turns at sitting up with their sick mother.
玛丽和海伦轮流熬夜陪伴她们生病的母亲。
We took turns at driving the car.
我们轮流开车。
相关归纳
（1）by turns 轮流=take turns at doing sth.
She went hot and cold by turns.
她一会冷一会热。
They laughed and cried by turns.
他们一会哭一会笑。
（2）It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
It’s your turn to sing.
该轮到你唱歌了。
It’s my turn to drive next.
下回该轮到我开车了。
（3）in turn（s）轮流；依次；按顺序
They sang on the stage in turn.
他们轮流在舞台上唱歌。
（4）on the turn在转变
Their opinions are on the turn.
他们的看法开始转变。
（5）out of turn不按顺序；次序混乱
Please don’t speak out of turn.
请按顺序讲话。
（6）serve one’s turn适合自己的需要
I think this book will serve my turn.
我认为这本书会适合我的需要。
特别提示
注意以上短语中turn的单复数形式。
2.get through
例句集锦
（1）（=go through）The Bill didn’t go through.
这项议案未被通过。
Tom failed but his sister got through.
汤姆考试不及格但他妹妹及格了。
（2）A smile can help us get through difficult situations.
一个微笑可以使我们摆脱困境。
（3）I called all day yesterday,but I couldn’t get through（to you）.
昨天我打了一天电话，但是都没有办法打通（联络到你）。
（4）He has got through all his money.
他的钱都花光了。
相关归纳
（1）get across 过……的时候（不用被动语态）；与……沟通
The bridge fell down just after we got across（it）.
我们刚过去桥，桥就塌了。
I just can’t get across to him.
我无法和他沟通。
（2）get along 设法度过；相处（和with连用）；进展（和with连用）
We’ll get along without that much money somehow.
即使没有那么多的钱，我们也能设法过日子。
How are you getting along with your new girlfriend?
你和新女友相处如何？
How are you getting along with your work?
你的工作进展如何？
（3）get away离开
I’m afraid I can’t get away from the meeting.
我恐怕难以从会议上脱身。
（4）get down 下来
The kitten climbed the tree and couldn’t get down.
那只小猫爬上树但下不来了。
（5）get down to 开始做（to为介词）
He got down to business immediately he sat at the desk.
他一坐下就开始工作。
特别提示
（1）go through with／get through（with）= finish；（2）go through和get through在表示“通过”时，不用于被动语态。
3.hold up
例句集锦
（1）I held up my hand to show that I had a question.
我举手表示有问题。
（2）The travelers were held up by bandits.
游客们遭到土匪抢劫。
（3）We were help up on our way to the airport in a traffic jam.
我们在前往机场的路上因堵车而延误了登机时间。
相关归纳
（1）hold back缩回；制止；隐瞒
Hold your head back.把头缩回去。
They must do something to hold back rushing fans.
他们必须想法挡住蜂拥而来的慕名者。
You must be holding something back from me.
你一定对我隐瞒着什么。
（2）hold off 使……保持距离；拖延
She hates children and tries to hold them off.
她讨厌小孩，总是想法远离他们。
Hold off for a minute.延缓一分钟。
（3）hold on继续；坚持；不挂断（电话）；固定
The storm held on all night.
暴风雨持续了一夜。
How much longer can we hold on?
我们能再坚持多久？
Hold on a minute.等一会儿（别挂断）。
（4）hold on to 抓住；执著于；固守
The little girl held on to the tail of his coat.
那小女孩抓住他外套的下摆。
（5）hold out 伸出；维持
The lady held out her hand to him.
那女士向他伸出了手。
Our food supplies won’t hold out long.（=last）
我们的食品存量维持不了多久。
（6）catch/get/lay/seize/take hold of抓住
He was caught hold of by the arm.
他的手腕被抓住。
●必背句型
1.as to 的句型结构
教材原句
There are also differences as to how often we touch each other,how close we stand to someone we are talking to,and how we act when we meet or part.
至于身体接触的频率、谈话双方站立的距离、见面和告别的动作也有差别。
特别提示
（1）比较as to和so as to的区别。so as to 后面跟动词不定式，相当于in order to，表示“为了……”的意思。（2）as to后面跟名词、短语和从句，在wh－从句、短语前的as to常可省略。
补充例句
As to money,he is indifferent.
至于钱，他漠不关心。
She was at a loss（as to）how to explain it.
她全然不知道该如何说明这件事。
I enjoy going to the movies.But as to/as for the theater,I prefer staying at home.
我喜欢看电影，但至于看戏，我宁愿留在家里。
3.than+副词／过去分词的省略句型结构
教材原句
Today rides are wilder and scarier than ever.
如今乘车兜风比以前更加疯狂，更加可怕了。
补充例句
You’ll soon speak English much better than ever.
你的英语不久就会比以前讲得更好。
We had a bigger crop last year than ever.
我们去年的收成比往年都好。
They arrived earlier than usual.
他们比通常来得早。
He arrived three hours later than expected.
他比预期的晚来了三个小时。
疑难突破
1.divide,separate
divide vi. & vt.分开；分成……份。常构成短语：divide...into...“把……分成几份”；divide up分开。
separate v.分离；分手；隔开。常构成短语：separate...from...“把……和……分开”。adj. 分开的；各自的
应用
（1）He ______ the apple into half.
（2）He ______ the profits with his partners.
（3）She ______ her spare time between reading books and walking.
（4）We talked until midnight and then ______.
（5）As we joined the big crowd I got ______ from my friends.
（6）England is ______ from France by the Channel.
（7）He decided to ______ the large house into flats.
答案：（1）divided （2）divided （3）divided （4）separated （5）separated （6）separated （7）divide
2.injure/harm/wound/hurt
四个动词都有“受伤”的意思,但侧重点不同。
injure意义较广，着重指偶然事故对人的“损害”。be slightly/seriously/badly injured受伤很轻／很严重／很重。injury n.
harm 可用于动词和名词，“伤害；危害”指精神上或物质上的危害；对……有害。短语：do harm to sb./do sb.harm对某人有危害
wound可用于动词和名词。主要指暴力或战争中时所受的伤，如刀伤、枪伤。也可用于对人的感情、名誉等的伤害。
hurt 主要用于有生命的东西，多指肉体方面的伤害，常伴有痛感。作借喻时指对精神或感情方面的伤害。
应用
（1）Tom fell down from the tree and ______ his legs.
（2）Smoking will ______ your health.
（3）She’s afraid that he would ______ the child.
（4）I ______ my eyes by reading in dim light.
（5）He got ______ in the war.
（6）He fell off the bike and ______ his arm.
（7）He didn’t want to ______ her feelings.
答案：（1）injured/hurt （2）harm （3）harm （4）harmed （5）wounded （6）hurt （7）hurt
典例剖析
【例1】 （2005年春季北京，34）______ with a difficult situation,Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.
A.To face B.Having faced C.Faced D.Facing
剖析：本题考查非谓语动词的用法。表示“面对……”可以使用face sth.，也可以使用be faced with sth.。
答案：C
【例2】 （2004年重庆,32）The most important thing about cotton in history is ______ part that it played in ______ Industrial Revolution.
A./；/ B.the；/ C.the;the D.a;the
剖析：本题考查冠词的用法。从句子的意思分析，第一处后面有定语从句修饰，表示特指，第二处为多个词表示的专有名词，所以都使用定冠词。
答案：C
【例3】 （2004年上海,25）The accident is reported to have occurred ______ the first Sunday in February.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
剖析：本题考查介词的用法。表示特指某一天时，应该在该词前面使用介词on。
答案：B
【例4】 （2004年江苏,27）Tom owns ______larger collection of ______ books than any other student in our class.
A.the;/ B.a;/ C.a;the D./;the
剖析：本题考查冠词的用法。短语a large collection of “大量”的意思。第二处泛指书，不使用冠词。
答案：B