1. 单元内容介绍与分析
2. 重点词汇和短语的用法
3. 难点句的解释与分析
知识总结与归纳：
（一）单元内容介绍与分析：
1. 本单元的中心话题是“自然灾害”，具体涉及火山爆发、飓风和台风等。
2. 听力（Listening）部分提供了一则天气预报。这个听力练习要求学生结合听力材料和所给的地图，弄清其主旨大意和性质，并且尽可能多地从听力材料中获取细节信息。
3. 阅读第一部分是一篇关于--一次灾难性经历的叙述性文章。文章作者根据本人记忆和叔叔的笔记，描述了意大利南部的维苏威火山于公元79年爆发的情景，特别记叙了作者的叔叔在本次灾难中所表现出来的勇敢和无畏精神。通过对该文章的阅读，丰富了学生有关本单元主题的语言和信息。
4. 阅读的第二部分提供了一篇关于台风的记叙文，要求学生在阅读的基础上进行大胆、合理的想象，续写故事的结局。目的在于丰富学生的想象力的同时，帮助学生掌握描写的写作技能。
5. 交际用语：练习表达“焦急、害怕”等情感的交际用语。
6. 语法：掌握英语省略句的使用方法。
三. 重点词汇和短语的用法：
1. 运用构词知识理解掌握下列单词：
frightening；threat；terrify；erupt；courage；arrival；unbelievable；uncomfortable
2. 重点单词的用法：
（1）bury：埋藏，掩藏，埋头于，专心致志于……
About two thousand years ago a volcano in southern Italy erupted and buried two small towns under meters of hot ash and mud.
She was sitting with her head buried in a newspaper.
注意以下几个常用的短语：
bury the hatch：言归于好
bury / hide one’s head in the sand：闭眼不顾事实
bury oneself in：埋头于，专心致志于
（2）attention：注意；常用短语如下：
draw / attract / catch one’s attention：吸引某人的注意
pay attention to：注意
May I have your attention, please.常用的交际用语：各位，请注意。
（3）rise：升起，上升，起床，上涨，（不及物动词，无被动式）
We watched it rising from a mountain - at such a distance we couldn’t tell which one, but we later learnt that it was Mount Vesuvius.
She rose to greet her guests.
Great cheers rose from the people outside.
The people rose up against their oppressors.
注意对比raise：（及物动词）提高。
He raised his voice so that he could make himself heard in the crowd.
（4）sight：情景，视觉，视野。
The sight of it awoke the scientist in my uncle to go and see it from closer at hand.
What a beautiful sight those roses make !
Come and see the sights of London.
注意：in / out of sight：看见/ 看不见；
catch sight of：突然看见。
lose one’s sight：失明。
（5）urge：催促，力劝；强烈要求
He paused for a moment wondering whether to turn back as the captain urged him.
What were the cause that has urged Germany into war ?
The teacher urged us to hand in our exercises.
He urged me to stay for dinner.
Let me urge the importance of this measure.
（6）immediately：立刻，马上，直接地
Helped by two slaves he stood up, and immediately fell down dead.
I recognized her immediately I saw her .
3. 重点短语的用法：
（1）knock about
（2）live through
（3）in circles
四. 难点句的解释与分析：
1. We watched it rising from a mountain - at such a distance we couldn't tell which one, but we later learnt that it was Mount Vesuvius.
我们看着它从山上升腾起来--如此远的距离使我们看不出是哪座山，但后来我们得知是维苏威火山。
tell意思是“区别”。又如：
Human taste buds can tell the difference between four basic flavours.
It is often difficult to tell identical twins from each other, even when they are standing side by side.
2. The sight of it awoke the scientist in my uncle to go and see it from closer at hand.
一看到这种情景，叔叔身上的科学精神被唤醒了，他要靠近火山去看个究竟。这句话带有拟人修辞成分：由sight唤醒the scientist in my uncle。这种手法在英语中十分常见。
例如：
The study says there must be a complete overhaul of air traffic control system.
at hand意思是“在手边”；“在跟前”。又如：
I haven't the dictionary at hand, but I will show it to you later.
I want you to be at hand during my interview with the applicants.
3. Her house lay at the foot of Vesuvius, and there was no way out except by boat.
她的家位于维苏威山脚下，除了乘船没有出路。
way out（克服困难的）办法，出路。例如：
He was trying to think of a way out, but it was impossible to find one.
In fact, I'm sure that's the only satisfactory way out.
4. Ash and bits of rock that were burnt black were falling onto the ship now, darker and more, the closer they went.
灰尘和烧黑的石块落进了小船，他们越是靠近，石块也越来越黑、越来越多。
注意the more…，the more结构的用法。例如：
The more you practice，the more perfect you will be. 越实践就越熟练。
5. He had to wait for a good wind, blowing the other way than the one that carried my uncle right in.
他要等待合适的风向，此风向与我叔叔来时的相反。
the other way意思是“另一个方向”；相反。又如：
He turned the other way when he saw the police coming.
He thought it would be easier to go there than to come back, but it was just the other way,
right意思是“径直地”；“立即地”。又如：
The ship went right to the bottom,
He turned on the TV right after he came into the room.
6. He looked more asleep than dead.
他看上去好像没有死，而像是睡着了。
more…than… 与其说……，不如说……。例如：
Don’t be too hard on him. He is more misled than stupid .
7. You can pick out the important bits, for it is one thing to write a letter, another to write history, one thing to write to a friend, another to write for the public.
你可以从中挑选重要的片段。写信跟写历史是两码事，写信是给朋友的，而书则是为公众写的。
句型“It is one thing to do…，another to do…”意为“……是一回事，……又是另-回事”。例如：
It is one thing for you to stay here，another for me to ask you to stay here.
Upon arrival, my uncle hugged Pompy and tried to give him courage.
到达后，叔叔拥抱庞培，并尽力给他打气。
upon或on后跟表示动态的名词或动词-ing形式，表示“在（做某事）时，当（某事发生）时”。例如：
Upon arrival, they went in search of a hotel.
She was joyful upon seeing her child take his first place .
【典型例题】
1. You ought to stay. , your mother is ill, For another, your father is out.
A. Besides B. Anyhow C. For one thing D. Worse still
答案：C
分析：由后面的for another及全句意义可知，第一空表达的是“首次，一次”的意义。
2. Her brother to leave her in the dark room alone when she disobeyed his order.
A. declared B. threatened C. warned D. exclaimed
答案：B
分析：句意为“当她不服从她哥哥的命令时，他威胁要将她一个人留在黑乎乎的房间里。”declare不与to do搭配，warn应为warn sb. not to do；exclaim不合句意。
3. He’s suffering from an stomach .
A. anxious B. curious C. upset D. uneasy
答案：C
分析：句意为“他肚子不舒服。”upset不适的；不舒服的，与句意吻合
4. The tomato juice left brown ____ on the front of my jacket.
A. spot B. point C. track D. trace
答案：A
分析：句意为“番茄汁在我的夹克衫前面留下棕色的污点。”印d庞点；污点，与句意吻合。
5. The work endurance and patience.
A. calls on B. calls in C. calls at D. calls for
答案：D
分析：句意为“这工作需要耐力和耐心。”call for需要；要求，与句意吻合。
6. When climbing the hill, John was knocked unconscious by a roiling stone.
A. untouched B. unexpected C. unfamiliar D. unbelievable
答案：B
分析：句意为“约翰爬山时，被一块儿意想不到的滚石砸昏了。”
7. As a young man he suffered a lot from poverty . He used to in the market, trying to find a job for a few coins.
A. knock into B. knock down C. knock on D. knock about
答案：D
分析：“年轻时他很穷，经常在市场里闲逛．找些零活挣些小钱。
8. He would think to go there quicker than to come back, but it was just ____.
A. another way B. the other way C. other way D. the another way
答案：B
分析：“他觉得去时用的时间比来时短，其实正相反。”the other way相反．为一固定短语。
9. Jack ran for a doctor; ____ we stayed with the patient.
A. however B. anyhow C. immediately D. meanwhile
答案：D
分析：句子前后表示“at the same time”的意义，故应用meanwhile。
10. I want you to be during my interview with the applicants.
A. at hand B. at the hand C. in hand D. in the hand
答案：A
分析：句意为“申请人面试时我希望你在跟前。”at hand在手边；在眼前，与句意吻合。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
一. 单项选择
1. He lay ____ when he heard the noise and rose _____ his feet.
A. awake; to B. awake; on C. wake; to D. wake
2. She is fit for the job. , she loves children, _____ , she has taught in a primary school.
A. First; then B. For one thing; for another
C. The first is; the second is D. For one thing; for the second
3. He’s perfectly to live in the mountain and paints pictures all day.
A. content B. popular C. anxious D. proud
4. It took Mary a long time to a new dress at the store.
A. pick up B. pick out C. turn out D. make up
5. Last year the advertising rate by 20 percent.
A. raised B. amused C. arose D. rose
6. He would think to go there quicker than to come back, but it was just ____.
A. another way B. the other way C. other way D. the another way
7. I shall have to __ to you, otherwise they will hear our future plan.
A. say B. show C. whisper D. whistle
8. What you have done is the doctor’s orders.
A. an the contrary B. contrary to C. the other way D. to the contrary
9. The guerrilla army tried to____ the government
A. knock B. overturn C. beat D. hit
10. He longed for a good marriage, a __ job and a guaranteed income. In other words, he wanted stability.
A. safe B. steady C. severe D. easy
二. 完型填空：
The yearly Marathon in my town usually happened during a heat wave. My job was to follow behind the runners in an ambulance __1__ any of them needed medical attention.
“We’re suppose to stay behind the __2__ runner, so take it slowly,” I said to the driver, Doug, as the race started.
The front-runners started to __3__ and then my eyes were ___4__ to the woman in blue silk running shorts and a loose white T-shirt.
We knew we were already watching our “last runner.” Her __5__ were so crippled（残疾的）that it seemed almost impossible for her to be able to walk, __6__ alone run a marathon.
Doug and I __7__ in silence as she slowly moved forward. __8__, she was the only runner left in sight. Tears streamed down my face when I watched with respect ___9__ she pushed forward with great __10__ through the last miles.
When the finish line came into sight, rubbish lay everywhere and the __11__ crowds had long gone home. __12__, standing straight and ever so proud __13__ a lone man. He was __14__ one end of a ribbon（缎带）of crepe paper（皱纹纸）___15__ to a post. She slowly crossed through, leaving both ends of the paper fluttering behind her.
I do not know this woman’s name, but that day she became part of my __16__ – a part I often depend on. For her, it wasn’t about __17__ the other runners or winning a prize, but about __18__ what she had set out to do, no matter __19__. When I think things are too difficult or I get those “I-just-can’t-do-it,” I think of the last runner. Then I realize how __20__ the task before me really is.
1. A. so that B. in case C. even though D. only if
2. A. first B. best C. only D. last
3. A. run B. separate C. disappear D. appear
4. A. drawn B. thrown C. fixed D. caught
5. A. hands B. legs C. arms D. body
6. A. let B. leave C. speak D. take
7. A. watched B. drove C. observed D. stared
8. A. Quickly B. Unluckily C. Naturally D. Finally
9. A. since B. before C. as D. until
10. A. pain B. determination C. strength D. desire
11. A. tired B. waiting C. cheering D. impatient
12. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Yet D. Fortunately
13. A. stood B. waited C. came D. had
14. A. helping B. catching C. holding D. tying
15. A. kept B. tied C. connected D. led
16. A. dream B. feeling C. idea D. life
17. A. following B. hoping C. encouraging D. beating
18. A. finishing B. realizing C. starting D. winning
19. A. where B. how C. when D. what
20. A. difficult B. interesting C. easy D. hopeful
三. 阅读理解：
Treasure hunts have excited people’s imagination for both hundreds of years both in real life and in books such as Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island. Kit Williams, a modern writer, had the idea of combining the real excitement of treasure hunt with clues found in a book when he wrote a children’s story Masquerade, in 1979. The book was about a hare, and a month before it came out Williams buried a gold hare in a park in Bedfordshire. The book contained a large number of clues（线索）to help readers find the hare, but Williams put in a lot of “red herrings”, or false clues, to mislead them.
Ken Roberts, the man who found the hare, had been looking for it nearly two years. Although he had been searching in the wrong area most of the time, he found it by logic（逻辑）, not by luck. His success came from the fact that he had gained an important clue at the start. He had realized that the words: “ one of Six to Eight” under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII ’s six wives. Even here, however, Williams had succeeded in misleading him. Ken knew that Katherine of Aragon had died at Kimbolton in Cambridgeshire in 1536 and thought that Williams had buried the hare there. He had been digging there for over a year before a new idea occurred to him. He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill, in Bedfordshire, and thought that he must have buried the hare in a place he knew well, but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773.
Even then his search had not come to an end. It was only after he had spent several nights digging around the cross that he decided to write to Kid Williams to find out if he was wasting his time there. Williams encouraged him to continue, and on February 24th 1982, he found the treasure. It was worth 3000 in the beginning, but the excitement it had caused since its burial made it much more valuable.
1. The underlined word “them”（paragraph 1）refers to ____.
A. red herring B. treasure hunts
C. Henry VIII ‘s six wives D. readers of Masquerade
2. What is the most important clue in the story to help Ken Robert find the hare ?
A. Two stone crosses in Ampthill. B. Stevenson’s Treasure Island
C. Katherine of Aragon D. Williams’ hometown
3. The stone crosses in Ampthill were built ____.
A. to tell about what happened in 1773.
B. to show respect for Henry VIII ‘s first wife.
C. to serve as roadsign in Ampthill Park.
D. to inform people where the gold hare was.
4. Which of the following describes Roberts’ logic in searching for the hare ?
a. Henry VIII’s six wives b. Katherine’s burial place at Kimbolton.
c. Williams’ childhood in Ampthill. d. Katherine of Aragon
e. stone crosses in Ampthill Park.
A. a, b, c, e, d B. d, b, c, e, a C. a, d, b, c, e D. b, a, e, c, d
5. What is the best title of the passage ?
A. An exciting historical event B. A modern treasure hunt
C. The attraction of Masquerade D. the importance of logical thinking
【试题答案】
一. 单项选择
1. A lie +adj.（awake）作表语；rise to one's feet站起，为一固定用法。
2. B for one thing … for another一则……再则……
3. A be content to do sth. 满足于做某事，为一固定用法。
4. B “挑选一件新裙子花了玛丽好长时间。”
5. D 句意为“去年做广告的比仍上升了20％。”raise，arouse，是及物动词，与句子结构吻合；arise是不及物动词，意为“发生；出现；产生；起立”，与句子意思不吻合。
6. B “他觉得去时用的时间比来时短，其实正相反。”the other way相反．为一固定短语。
7. C “我不得不小声跟你讲，以免他们听到了我们的未来计划。”whisper“小声说；耳语，与句意吻合。
8. B on the contrary正相反；to the contrary相反（的）地；the other way相反，它们都不接宾语。contrary to… 与……相反，与句中结构吻合。
9. B 句意为”游击队试图推翻政府。”
10. B句意为“他渴求美满的婚姻、稳定的工作、固定的收入，换而言之，他想生活安定。”
二. 完型填空：
1. B 我的工作是开着救护车跟在运动员后面以防他们有人需要救护。In case:以免，以防。
2. D 从后面内容可以看出；救护车跟在最后一名运动员后面。
3. C 前面的运动员都消失了，
4. A 我的目光被吸引在（最后）以为妇女身上。
5. B 这为妇女几乎都不能走，所以她的腿有残疾。
6. A 更不用说跑马拉松了。固定短语：Let alone：更不用说了。
7. A 我们在默默地注视着她。D项缺少介词at：stare at。
8. D 最后，她成为我视线中唯一一名运动员了。
9. C 她一边以坚定的意志向前“跑”，我一边注视着她。determination：意志坚定。
10. B
11. C 加油助威的人群早已经回家了。Cheering：喝彩，助威。
12. C 然而，这位残疾妇女的唯一支持者一直在终点线那自豪地“等着”她。
13. B 本句是一个倒装句。主语是a lone man.谓语是waited。standing straight and ever so proud是伴随状语。
14. C 他（那个男的）紧握着系在一根柱子上的缎带的另一端（让这位女运动员撞线）。
15. B
16. D 从那一天，那位女运动员成为激励我的人生的一部分。
17. D 这位妇女参赛的目的不是为击败其他运动员而获奖。
18. A 而是去完成她所开始的事情。
19. D 不管是什么事情，都要坚持下去。
20. C 我由此受到鼓舞，再难的事也变得容易了。
三. 阅读理解：
1. D 根据第一段The book contained a large number of clues（线索）to help readers find the hare, but Williams put in a lot of “red herrings”, or false clues, to mislead them. 可以知道作者设置许多迷局是在有意误导读者。
2. C 根据第二段His success came from the fact that he had gained an important clue at the start. He had realized that the words: “ one of Six to Eight” under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII ’s six wives.可以判断出这是一条很重要的线索，虽然这位读者受到过误导，但还通过这条线索找到了答案。
3. B 根据第二段最后一句he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773.可以知道two stone crosses修建的目的。 In one’s honor：为了纪念…
4. C 仔细阅读第二，三段注意这几个要点：Henry VIII’ s six wives--Katherine of Aragon--Katherine的埋葬地--作者童年生活过的地方--stone crosses。
5. B. 文章二，三段是文章的重点，讲述寻宝的经过。所以称为：A modern treasure hunt