知识总结与归纳：
（一）语法要点说明：过去分词除了在句子的谓语部分中表达完成时和被动语态以外，作为非谓语动词还可以做名词的定语，在be动词后面做表语来描述人或物品的特性或状态。
（二）过去分词或过去分词短语可以用来修饰名词做定语。过去分词表达的内容与被修饰的名词具有完成和被动关系。
过去分词+名词；
名词+过去分词短语
1. Chen wrote about the efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to China.
2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
3. a doll given by my aunt
4. This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.
（三）还有一些过去分词是表达人或物品的特性或状态，这些词与其说是过去分词，倒不如说是以ed结尾的形容词。
1. Experienced editors and reporters make informed decisions about what events to report and how to report them.
2. We asked two of China’s many talented journalists to tell us more about news and newspapers.
3. I want to write about people addicted to drugs.
4. TV programmes and printed articles help people in other countries learn about China and the Chinese people.
5. The Yellow River, said to be “the mother river” runs across China like a huge dragon.
6. the fallen leaves , spoken English, written English,
7. The retired workers told him about their family life and their problem.
（四）过去分词在be动词后面做表语，表示：“感觉……，主语往往是表示“人”的名词。
例句：
1. He is interested in classical music.
2. We are very worried about our situation.
3. He is disappointed with himself.
说明：在许多句子中，be + done不是表示被动意义，而是表示主语所处的状态。
例句：
1. We can’t enter the room, for the door is locked.
2. We don’t know where we are now. We are lost.
3. She has been married for ten years.
4. They are gone for vacation.
（五）阅读指导：
本单元的阅读材料：Behind the Headlines的阅读目标是了解：
1. 新闻工作者的工作程序；通过文中提到的两位记者回答采访的问题进行了介绍。
2. 了解媒体除了报道事实以外的社会功能；注意文章的最后一段。在阅读时要注意。
（1）采访的问题；
（2）第一段的主题句：Newspaper and other media do more than simply record what happens. Experienced editors and reporters make informed decisions about what events to report and how to report them. They also make sure that readers can relate to the stories. 最后一段的结论性的句子：The result is a better understanding of the world on all sides, leading to a future world where people from all countries are respected and different views and opinions are tolerated.
【典型例题】
一. 句型转换：
1. The telegram that was sent by my sister brought the news of my grandma’s death.
The telegram sent by my sister brought the news of my grandma’s death.
2. Nine out of ten women who were interviewed about the product said they liked it.
Nine out of ten women interviewed about the product said they liked it.
3. The three guns, which had been stolen from the police station, were found in the garage
The three guns, stolen from the police station, were found in the garage
4. I don’t like going to supermarkets that are located in the center of the town.
I don’t like going to supermarkets located in the center of the town.
二. 翻译句子：
1. 被烧毁的圆明园该不该重建在媒体引起了激烈讨论。
Whether the burned-down Yuanmingyuan should be rebuilt has been much discussed in the media.
2. 我的叔叔本来打算退休以后回乡下居住，可是后来他改变了主意，他决定在城里开一家书店，为退休老人提供一个娱乐休闲的场所。
My uncle had planned to live in the country after his retirement, but he changed his mind then. He decided to open a bookstore in the city to offer a place for the retired to have fun and rest.
3. 他是个很有经验的人，总是受到年轻人的尊敬。----
He is quite experienced and is always looked up to by the young.
4. The teenagers discussing the event in the TV talk show were all school children.
在电视论坛节目中讨论这个事件的那些少年都是小学生。
5. The teenagers discussed in the TV talk show were all school children.
在电视论坛节目中讨论到的那些少年都是小学生。
6. Do you happen to know the host presenting the professor ?
你认识正在介绍那位教授的主持人吗？
三. 单项选择：
1. The Olympic Games ,_____in 776 BC, didn’t included women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be first playing
分析：公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会，知道1912年才容纳女运动员。_____in 776 BC做定语修饰The Olympic Games，指过去的内容，表示被动。用done做定语。 选择C
2. The film was so ___ that everyone became __ at it.
A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited C. exciting; exciting D. excited; excited
分析：exciting：令人兴奋的。主语是表示“事物”的名词；excited：感到兴奋；主语指“人”；选择Ｂ
3. What should you do if there is no food __ for you when you get home after a day’s work ?
A. is left B. left C. leave D. leaving
分析：句型There be + 名词＋过去分词：有……被……
答案：B
【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
一. 单项选择：
1. When I got back home I saw a message ___ to the door reading “ Sorry to miss you, will call later.”
A. pinning B. pinned C. to be pinning D. to be pinned
2. The computer center, __ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
3. The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
4. The next day they found that the door remained ___, and that the boss was gone.
A. to lock B. locking C. locked D. to be locked
二. 阅读理解：
（A）
London- A morning’s train ride away, across the Channel, English kids about Liverpool’s soccer team in a Paris pub.
Some Parisians have even started to go to work in London.
In the 19th century, Charles Dickens compared the two great rival cities, London and Paris, in “A Tale of Two Cities.” These days, it might be A Tale of One City.
Parisians are these days likely to smile in sympathy at a visitor’s broken French and respond in polite English.
As jobs grew lack at home over recent years, perhaps 250,000 Frenchmen moved across the Channel. With an undersea tunnel, they could travel between cities in three hours. The European Union freed them from immigration and customs.
Paris, rich in beauty, is more attractive. But London feels more full of life, and more fun until the pubs shut down.
“For me, the difference is that London is real, alive,” said Trevor Wheeler, a banker.
Chantal Jaouen, a professional designer, agrees. “I am French, but I’ll stay in London.” She said.
There is, of course, the other view, Julie Lenoux is a student who moved to London two years ago. “I think people laugh more Paris,” she said.
In fact, London and Paris, with their obvious new similarities, are beyond the old descriptions. As the European Union gradually loosened controls, Londoners flocked into Paris to shop, eat and buy property.
“Both cities have changed beyond recognition.” Said Larry Collins, a writer and sometimes a Londoner.
Like most people who know both well, he finds the two now fit together comfortably.
“I first fell in love with Paris in the 1950s, and it is still a wonderful place,” Collins said.
“but if I had to choose, it would be London. Things are so much more ordered, and life is better.”
But certainly not cheaper.
In fancy parts of London, rents can be twice those on Avenue Foch in Paris.
Deciding between London and Paris requires a lifestyle choice.
Like Daphne Benoit, a French journalism student with perfect English, many young people are happy to be close enough so they don’t have to choose.
“I love Paris, my little neighborhood, the way I can walk around a center, but life is so structured,” she said. “ In London, you can be who you want. No one cares.”
1. The best title for this passage is _____.
A. Londoner and Parisians. B. A modern Tale of Two Cities.
C. The Similarity of Two cities. D. Fancy London and Fashionable Paris.
2. We can infer from the text ____.
A. Paris and London has become perfect partners.
B. London feels more full of life
C. life in Paris is structured
D. Paris and London have become fierce competitors.
3. The underlined word “flocked” probably means ____.
A. came in large numbers. B. flew a long way.
C. rushed hurriedly. D. drove long distance.
4. Living in Paris, you may find ___.
A. life is better. B. things are cheaper.
C. more attractive people D. a job easily.
5. From the passage we can know ___.
A. the two cities have developed very fast.
B. London is better than in Paris.
C. Paris is a favorite place for all journalism students.
D. people in both London and Paris now lead a regular life.
（B）
People could land on Mars in the next 20-30 years provided scientists can find water on the red planet, the head of NASA’s surface exploration mission（美国国家宇航局地表探测任务小组）said on September 16.
Two partly solar-powered “robot geologists” （由太阳能驱动的“机器人地质学者”）–Mars Exploration Rovers, or MERs-have been moving across 3 miles of the planet and into crates（环型山）since January, sending back data about the makeup of what scientists believe is Earth’s sister planet. Asked how long it could be before Astronauts land on Mars, Arthur Thompson said, “My best guess is 20 to 30 years, if that becomes our firstly-considered plan.”
The two MER robots, named Spirit and Opportunity, have found Ancient evidence that water was once enough. It is important for scientists hoping to know if there was once-or could still be-life on Mars. Without water, the dream of sending astronauts to the often dusty planet, which has rust-colored rocks and where the sky is red and sunsets are blue, couldn’t be realized. “If we cannot find water, it really makes it difficult to send humans. Water is the key.” Said Thompson.
Thompson said scientists had found a canyon on Mars “that makes the Grand Canyon look like a small canyon,” where water could still be present. “It shows that there is actually water that seeps（渗漏）out of the side of the canyon, and going down the side it evaporates（蒸发）. We believe it’s an ongoing progress,” he said.
1. The underlined word “provided” in the first paragraph can be replaced by ____.
A. unless B. if C. though D. even if
2. We can learn from the passage that ____.
A. the two robots get their energy only from the sun.
B. the two robots haven’t found any evidence of water on Mars till now.
C. two robots haven’t sent any information about Mars so far.
D. the two robots were sent to Mars in January.
3. According to the passage, which of the following about Mars is NOT true ?
A. The sky there is red. B. It has craters.
C. Rocks on Mars are rust-colored D. It is very cold on Mars.
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage ?
A. We can see red sky and blue sunsets on Mars.
B. The canyon found on Mars is larger than the Grand Canyon.
C. We have already found lots of water on Mars.
D. Without water, sending people to Mars is very difficult.
5. What is the best title for the passage ?
A. Earth’s sister planet. B. People on Mars possible in 20 to 30 years.
C. Life on Mars. D. Spirit and Opportunity
三. 书面表达：
假设你叫张颖，在伦敦学习已经两个月了，写信给你在国内的朋友李倩，介绍你在伦敦生活的一些情况：
1. 伦敦作为英国的首都，是一个大城市，在泰晤士河畔。人口约七百万。
2. 伦敦是一个繁忙的都市，人们非常友好乐于助人，但总是来去匆匆。
3. 给你印象最深的是你在国内从未坐过的地铁。
4. 城里有许多著名景观，你只游览了伦敦博物馆和著名的海德公园。
时间：2005年8月13日
【试题答案】
一. 单项选择：
1. B 分析：pin：别在，栓在……上面，与message是被动关系。
2. D 分析：__ last year此处做非限定定语，与The computer center是被动关系。
3. D 分析：教科书已经被编写出来。此处应是过去分词作定语。
4. C 分析：门仍然锁着。表示门的状态，用过去分词做表语。
二. 阅读理解：
（A）
1. B 文章用大量的篇幅对伦敦和巴黎进行对比。对照十九世纪狄更斯的小说“双城记”所以本文可以说是：“现代的双城记”
2. A 通过被采访者的言谈中以及第三段In the 19th century, Charles Dickens compared the two great rival cities, London and Paris, in “A Tale of Two Cities.” These days, it might be A Tale of One City.可以判断出两个城市的关系。
3. A 根据Londoners flocked into Paris to shop, eat and buy property.可以得知大量的伦敦人涌向巴黎去购物。B项：不需要坐飞机，应排除。根据第一段perhaps 250,000 Frenchmen moved across the Channel. With an undersea tunnel, they could travel between cities in three hours.可以排除D项。C项不合题义。
4. B 根据第十段Londoners flocked into Paris to shop, eat and buy property. 和倒数第六段“but if I had to choose, it would be London. Things are so much more ordered, and life is better.” But certainly not cheaper.可以得知在巴黎物价更低一些。
5. A 从人们从生活方式等角度对两个城市的选择可以看出两个城市发展都很快。
（B）
1. B 词义推测。“如果”能在火星上找到水，人类就有可能在未来二，三十年内登陆火星。下文：Without water, the dream of sending astronauts to the often dusty planet, which has rust-colored rocks and where the sky is red and sunsets are blue, couldn’t be realized.（第三段）以及If we cannot find water, it really makes it difficult to send humans. Water is the key都有提示。
2. D 细节理解。根据第二段：Two partly solar-powered “robot geologists” （由太阳能驱动的“机器人地质学者”）–Mars Exploration Rovers, or MERs-have been moving across 3 miles of the planet and into crates9环型山）since January, 可以得知。其余选项与事实不符。
3. D 细节理解。根据第三段：Without water, the dream of sending astronauts to the often dusty planet, which has rust-colored rocks and where the sky is red and sunsets are blue, couldn’t be realized.的内容可知：A，B，C三项内容正确。惟独D没有提到。
4. C 根据第三，四段可知A，B，D选项内容正确。从常识上也可以判断出C的不正确。
5. B 根据全文的第一句即主题句可以找到文章的标题。
三. 书面表达：
参考范文：
August 13, 2005
Dear Li Qian:
How time flies! It has been two months since I left China and came to London.
As you know, London is the capital of England, which is on the River Thames. It’s a very big city with a population of about 7 million. It is also a busy place. People here are usually friendly and helpful, but they are often in a hurry. What impressed me most is ‘the tube’（That’s what people call the underground railway system in London.）, which I had never taken in China. London has many beautiful parks and gardens and other famous places of interest. I just went to London Museum and Hyde Park recently.
How are you now ? I miss you very much. I hope I can hear from you soon.
Yours.
Zhang Ying