Unit10 By the time I went outside, the bus had already left.
一.教学内容：
Hello, every one. Glad to meet you again. Today we’re going to learn Unit 10－ By the time I went outside, the bus had already left. (等我出去的时候，公共汽车已经离开了。) In this unit we’ll learn how to narrate the past events ( 叙述过去的事情) and the grammar－ the past perfect tense (过去完成时). OK, let’s begin our lesson.
二. 学习目标：
1. 学习动词的过去完成时，掌握过去完成时的结构及用法；
2. 能用流利的语言叙述发生在过去的事情，并能清楚地表达事情发生的先后顺序。
三. 词汇：
单词：
oversleep, exhausted, embarrassed, fool, lock, bell, ring, on time, rush, empty, reply, show, marry, ending, show up, break down, go off, get married
短语：
by the time 到……时候 take a shower 洗澡（淋浴）
start doing 开始做某事 give sb. a ride 让某人搭车
the United States 美国 so… that… 太……以至于……
hundreds of people 数百人；很多人 by the time… 到……时候为止
flee from 逃离 April Fool’s Day 愚人节
both… and… ……和……两者都……
重点句型：
By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
到了我起床的时候，我哥哥（弟弟）已经在洗澡（淋浴）了。
When she got to school, she realized I had left her backpack at home.
当她到了学校的时候她才意识到我把她的书包落在家里了。
What happened?
发生什么事了？
I’ve never been late for school, but yesterday I came very close.
我上学从来没有迟到过，但昨天差一点。
My alarm didn’t go off.
我的闹钟没响。
I only just made it to my class.
我只刚刚赶上上课。
What happened to Dave on April Fool’s Day?
愚人节那天Dave发生了什么事？
Have you ever overslept?
你睡觉曾经睡过头吗？
四. 语法：
The past perfect tense (过去完成时):
过去完成时的结构：had +done (had ：助动词，用于各种人称和数；done：动词过去分词)
过去完成时的用法：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间，可用by, before等构成的短语表示，也可用when , before等引导的从句或通用过上下文表示。如：
I realized I had left my backpack at home. 我意识到我把书包落在家里了。
在这个句子中有两个动作，即realize和leave。realize是用一般过去时realized表示的，而leave这个动作是在realize 之前就发生了，所以就应该用过去完成时had left的形式表示。
又如：
By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
到了我起床的时候，我哥哥（弟弟）已经在洗澡了。
在此句中，get up 和get in the shower 两件事情都是发生在过去，而get in the shower这个动作是在get up之前发生的。
过去完成时的一般疑问句及回答：
Had you been to Hong Kong before 1997? 1997年以前你去过香港吗？
No, I hadn’t. 没有，我没去过。（hadn’t= had not）
过去完成时的特殊疑问句及回答：
How many English words had you learnt by last term? 到上学期为止你学了多少英文单词？
I had learnt about two thousand. 我学了大约两千左右。
过去完成时的否定句：
They hadn’t finished doing their work when dinner was ready.
晚饭准备好的时候他们还没有完成工作。
除此之外，还有一点请大家注意：当时间状语从句是由before和after引导的时候，主句和从句的时态都可以用一般过去时表示，因为这两个词已经把动作的先后顺序表达清楚了。如：
I cleaned the room before I went shopping.
我去买东西之前已经把房间打扫了。
The children started to play the game after they got to the park.
孩子们到了公园之后就开始玩游戏了。
五. 具体内容：
Section A:
1b. 听力材料：
No wonder you look stressed out.
你显得那么紧张就不足为奇了。
no wonder 不足为奇
2a.2b. 听力材料：
And by the time I walked into class, the teacher had started teaching already.
等我走进课堂老师已经开始上课了。
walk into class 走进课堂
class在此的意思是“课堂”，当普通名词表示抽象意义时，其前面不放任何冠词。如：
in hospital 住院
go to school 去上学
at table就餐
in bed 卧床休息
walk to the class 向教室走去
into和to 都是介词，into意为“进入……里”；to的意思是“向/朝/往……”
3a.
（1）… but I knew I couldn’t get to school on time. 但是我知道我不能按时到校。
on time 按时；准时
Every one of us must get to school on time.
我们中的每一个人都必须准时到校。
in time 及时
We arrived at that place in time and just caught the bus.
我们及时到了那个地方，刚好赶上公共汽车。
（2）Luckily my friend and his dad came by in his dad’s car and they gave me a ride.
很幸运我的朋友和他的爸爸开着他爸爸的车过来了，而且他们让我搭车。
give sb. a ride 让某人搭车
（3）Have you ever overslept? 你睡觉曾经睡过头吗？
这是一个时态为现在完成时的句子，ever常用于完成时态中，意思是“曾经”。
Section B
1b.
（1）We stayed up really late. On Saturday morning I was exhausted.
我们熬到很晚不睡觉。星期六上午/早晨我无精打采的。
stay up 熬夜；不睡觉
2a and 2b.
（1）A friend once invited me to a costume party. 一个朋友邀请我参加一个服装晚会。
a costume party 一个服装晚会
（2）What happened to you? 你发生了什么事？
3a.
（1）Welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story.
Welles的话如此有说服力以至于有数百人都相信了他的话。
so… that … 如此……以至于……. so的后面接形容词或副词, that引导的是结果状语从句。在口语中that常常可以省略。
The young woman was so exciting that she couldn’t say a word.
那位年轻妇女激动得说不出话了。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：40分钟）
一、单选填空：
1. By she went to school, ______ dad had been a famous writer.
A. she’s B. her C. he D. his
2. The bus _______ when I hurried to the bus stop.
A. left B. has left C. leaves D. had left
3. The good girl has never been late for school, ________?
A. doesn’t she B. has the girl C. hasn’t she D. has she
4. I got up very late this morning. _________?
A. Can you give me a ride B. Will you lend me some money
C. Would you like go to school with me D. May I help you
5. Those people have got a lot of information ________.
A. last year B. in the past year C. one year ago D. in the future
6. I _______ such a car before.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. had seen
7. I went to bed at eight, but they stayed _______ till midnight.
A. away B. in C. out D. up
8. Who knows what happened _______ Xiao Ming?
A. at B. for C. to D. about
9. The English _______ use Mr before a man’s first name.
A. never B. ever C. often D. always
10. When I heard this good news, I was ______ excited ______ I couldn’t help jumping.
A. as /as B. too / to C. so / that D. such / that
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空：
1. By the time I ______ ( get ) home, Mother ______ ( finish ) cooking.
2. _______ you _______ ( listen )to tapes?
No. I _______ ( listen ) in an hour.
3. You are interested in drawing. You might ________ ( become ) an artist in the future.
4. What ______ your little brother ______( do )?
Don’t speak so loud. He _______.( sleep )
5. That old woman would like her son _______ ( marry ) the smart girl.
6. Chinese _______ by many people in the world today. ( speak )
7. The new teacher who _______ ( teach ) us chemistry _______ ( walk ) into the classroom.
8. Why not stop ________( play)? It’s time for class.
三、根据汉语提示完成下列句子：
1. 昨天下午你准时到机场了吗？是的，当我到了的时候，飞机已经降落了。
______ you_______ to the airport yesterday afternoon?
_______ I _______ there, the plane ________.
2. 快点儿！他们马上就要走了。
_______ up! They _______ _______ at once.
3. 到了放假的时候大家都想去一些宁静的地方旅行。
______the time for vocation, every one ________ ________ to go ________ ________.
4. 我们在那位著名的科学家坐下之后才开始开会的。
We ______ _______ _______ the meeting _______ the known scientist______.
四、阅读理解，然后根据文章内容选择正确答案：
What’s a good job for a person who has wanted to be policewoman since she was a little girl? That’s no problem for Janice Black. Janice is the first black woman to join the police force in garden school. Like any man who’s in police training, Janice is spending four months in a special school.
That’s where she’s learning how to be cop. She will carry a gun but she does not plan to use it, she said. She’s the kind of cop who’s more interested in helping people than in shooting them.
One reason Janice tried out for her job, she said, was the need for more black and more women on the police force in Garden City. She’s going to be one of five policewomen on the force, and the only black one. “ It’s not right for a city that has black people living in it, to have an all-white police force, ”she said. “And it’s not right to have men only when half the people in the world are women.”
Police Chief Woody Gates said he’s in favor of having lots of women and black in his crew. “ Miss Black will be a fine police officer,” she said. “ She’s going to finish at the top of her class.” Gates said he’s always looking for new police officers. Anyone who’s interested should call to find out what’s happening.
1. When Janice Black was a little, she wanted to be a ________.
A. policewoman B. firewoman C. chief D. driver
2. Janice is interested in _______ people.
A. shooting B. carrying C. helping D. cheating
3. When Janice is on the force, she will be the first cop in the city who is both a black and a ______.
A. white B. blue C. man D. woman
4. The chief of police said that the idea of having blacks and women on the force makes him_______.
A. mad B. glad C. sad D. angry
5. If anyone is interested in becoming a police officer, the chief said that there are _______ openings.
A. few B. never C. little D. always
【试题答案】
一、BDDAB CDCAC
二、1. got; had finished 2. Have / listened; will listen 3. become
4.is /doing; is/ sleeping 5. to marry 6. is spoken
7. teaches; has walked 8. playing
三、1.Did / get; When / got / had landed 2. Hurry ; are / leaving
3. By; would / like / somewhere / peaceful
4. started / to / have; after; sat
四、ACDBD