Senior Book I Unit 7-Unit 8
I. words
culture-cultural represent- representative include-including recreate-recreation
beauty-beautiful-beautifully-beautify pollute-polluted-pollution limit-limited
gold-golden compete-competition-competitive-competitor far-farther (further)
prepare-preparation-prepared effect-effective skill-skillful-skilled
II. words and phrases
1. give in (to) (向)投降/屈服/让步 give up (doing) give out 分配，分发
give away 送掉，赠送 give off 放出，散发 give back 归还，恢复
give …over…to 把…交给/委托给
2. set up 建立，创立 set aside 把…放在一边 set about doing
set out to do set out / off for sp. set off 引爆，使爆炸 be set in 以…为背景
3. in ruins 成为废墟，落空 bring…to ruin 使毁灭，使没落
fall into / in ruin 灭亡，荒芜 the ruin of a civilization 文明的毁灭
financial ruin破产 be ruined by 被…毁灭 ruin oneself 毁掉自己
4. change one’s mind bear / keep…in mind 记住，记在心里
have…in mind 在想，计划 come to mind 浮现于心中，被想到
make up one’s mind to do put / give one’s mind to 专心于
to one’s mind 依照某人的想法 Mind your eye 小心
Mind your own business 少管闲事 Never mind. Do you mind if…?
If you don’t mind 如果你不介意的话 Would / Do you mind doing…?
Would you mind if…
5. under attack 遭受攻击 under repair 正在修理 under study 正在学习
under construction 正在建设 under investigation under
certain conditions 在一定的条件下
under these circumstances 在这些状况下 with one’s help with one’s permission
under one’s leadership / direction = under the leadership /direction of sb. 在…指导下
6. limit v.限制 n. 界限 the limit 忍耐的极限 a speed limit 速度极限
set a limit to 限制 outside / within the city limits （边界）在市外（市内）的
within limits 适度地，节制地 limit sb. to + n. 限制某人到…
a limited time limited company
7. come true 实现 come across 偶然遇到 come after 继…之后，跟随
come along 随同 come around 迂回而至 come up (with) 出现；发芽；提出
How come…? 为何会？
8. every +基数词+复数n. every +序数词+ 单数n. every few +复数n.
every other + 单数n. every + 单数n.
9. stand for 代表，象征；支持 stand up stand out 显眼，出色
stand by 站在一旁，袖手旁观 stand still 站着别动 stand aside 避开，站开
stand doing 忍受 stand against sth 反对，经受住；倚着…站着
stand on one’s own feet 自主，依靠自己 stand up for 维护，支持
stand well with sb. 和…关系好；受某人宠爱 be for be against be in favor of
10. prepare sth. prepare for sth prepare to do sth prepare sb. to do sth
be (well) prepared for / to do sth. get sb. prepared for sth make preparations for
in preparation for
11. have an effect on / upon have no effect on come into effect 生效
bring…into effect 实施 be of no effect 无效 take effect生效，起作用
in effect = in reality affect sb. / sth. greatly
12. live one’s dream 实践某人的梦想 live one’s belief 实践某人的信仰
live through 经历…还活着 live up to 遵守，实践；符合
live a life on the go =live a busy life live on live a …life live by
III. key points
1.Where is a river, there is a city.
①where 引导表语从句，意思接近the place where(…的地方)
That’s where the battle took place
It’s still where it was. That’s just where we fundamentally disagree with him.
这就是我们同他的根本分歧点。
②where 引导地点状语从句，意思接近in / at / to the place where
Keep him where you can see him.
Take him where it’s quiet.
I’ll drive you where you’re going. They have gone where the police can’t get them.
I’m comfortable where I am.
2. What shall we put in?
① shall 用于第一、第二人称，表示征求对方的意见或请求指示。
Shall I wait for you here? Shall he pay a visit to the museum?
② shall 用于第二、第三人称，表示允诺、警告、提醒、责备等语气。
You shall be punished if you break the law.
If I finish the book, you shall get it.
注意： will 表示征求对方的意见或请求指示时，用于第二人称。
3. It is said to be the city’s largest ever cultural relics repair project.
本句中的it 指事情，若be said / known / reported / announced / thought / believed / hoped…等结构的主语为具体的人或事物，则其后跟to do ,to be doing, to have done.
辩析： It is said / known / reported…that
4. Strong, proud and united, the people of St. Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia.
本句中，strong, proud and united是adj.作状语，说明句子主语的特征和性质。
Crusoe went out for food, full of fear.
He spent many days in the lonely house, cold and hungry.
辩析：adj. 作状语与adv. 作状语
adj. 作状语是说明主语的性质和特征，而adv. 作状语是修饰动词的。
The crying looking directly at me, eager to know the result.
___________, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.
A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange
5. …will be preparing to light…
本句为将来进行时， 表示在将来某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作。
辩析：将来进行时与现在进行时
将来进行时仅仅指某动作要在将来发生，并不强调动作的进行，而现在进行时则强调正在进行的动作。
At this tomorrow_________ over the Atlantic.
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
6. the same as (…) as…
意为“…和…相同”, as 后可接名词、代词、副词、也可接从句。
I have the same document as he .
She will do the job in the same way as his brother did.
“the same +名词”后可以接定语从句，引导词as或that,用that 更强调指同一事物。
He got the same chance as I did. This is the same pen that I lost in the campus.
注意： as引起定语从句一般跟前面的某一词构成固定搭配，如： the same …as…, such…as…, as…as…, not as / so…as…等。
This is such a difficult problem as all of us can’t work out.
This is such a difficult problem as all of us can’t work it out.(ⅹ)
7. In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals, ranking the third of all the competing countries.
ranking 在句中作结果状语，现在分词可在句中作时间状语、原因状语、方式或伴随状语、结果等，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。
Not knowing how to do it, he returned to his mother for help.
A fire broke out last night, destroying all his property.
辩析：分词作结果状语与to do 作结果状语
分词作结果状语表示句子中动作的发生导致的实际结果而不定式表示以外结果，通常跟only, never 连用。
He left home, never to be heard of.
We went to the railway station, only to find the train had gone.