Unit 8 learning a foreign language
单词解释：
motive n.(CN) 动机 目的motivate vt. 作为┉的动机；激发motivation n . (UN) 动机；积极性
I’m suffering from a lack of motivation. My new job is really boring.
我变得缺乏干劲，因为我的新工作极为沉闷。
memorise( vt ) 记住，背熟 memorise a poem 背熟一首诗
bear [have, keep] in memory 记着, 没有忘记beyond [within] the memory of man [men] 在有史以前[来] bring back [call] to memory 使想起 come to one's memory 想起, 清醒过来 in memory of 纪念...
memorial n.(=monument)纪念物； 纪念碑；纪念仪式;历史记载 adj.记忆的; 纪念的; 追悼的
memorials of a past age一个昔日的历史记录
The Monument(Memorial) to the People’s Heroes人民英雄纪念碑
dictation ( n )口述；听写 [U] The pupils wrote at their teacher’s dictation.学生按照老师的口述写下来。
命令[U] She was tired of her husband’s dictation.她对丈夫的发号施令感到厌烦。
correction( n.)订正，修改；校正[U][C] Look carefully at the corrections which I have written in your essay. 请仔细看一下我对你文章修改过的地方。
惩治，惩罚[U]；教养[PL]The prisoner was sent to a labour camp for correction.囚犯被送往劳工营改过自新。
5. stick n. 枯枝，棍，手杖 a walking stick 一根拐杖 条状物： a stick of chalk 一支粉笔
v. (stuck, stuck, sticking)
①（常与in, into, through连用）（把尖 物）插入，刺入，戳入
to stick a fork into a potato用叉子叉上马铃薯 I stuck a needle into the cloth.我把一根针扎进布里。
②（与in, into, on连用）粘住；贴住 I stuck a stamp on the letter.我把一张邮票贴在信上。
③附着；固着The wheels of the car stuck in the mud and we could not go on.车轮陷入泥里，我们不能前进了。
④放，置 Stick the chair in the corner.将椅子置于墙角。
⑤（与at连用）继续努力做 If you want to play an instrument well, you’ve got to stick at it.
如果你想练好一种乐器，你必须持之以恒。
此外还有：
伸出，突出 stick out one’s arm伸出手臂 stick out above the water突出水面
使停止，阻塞 be stuck in/by…被困… 容忍，忍受 I can’t stick it any more.我再也忍受不了了。
坚持，坚守 stick to stick to a post 坚守岗位 stick to one’s word 遵守诺言
acquire vt. 学到（知识等）；获得acquisition n. ( CN) 获得或购得之物；（UN）获得
①She acquired an American accent while living in New York.她住在纽约时学会了一口美国音。
instruct vt. 1.) 指示,命令,吩咐=order
He instructed me to deliver it to a customer. 他吩咐我把东西送去给顾客。
The judge instructed the witness that he should tell the whole truth.法官命令见证人讲实话。2.) 教授;训练;指导[(+in)] =teach My job is to instruct her in English. 我的工作是教她英语。 3.) 通知,告知
My agent has instructed me that you still owe me $150. 我的代理人告诉我你还欠我一百五十美元。
instruct sb in sth 教导某人某事instruct sb to do sth 命令某人干某事follow the instructions 遵从指示
instruction n.用法说明，指示， 命令，（计算机）指令 adj. an instruction book说明书
instructional adj. 教学的，教育的 ～ materials教材
instructive adj. 富有教益的，增长知识的 instructor n. 教练，导师
receive /follow the instruction(s)接受指导give sb instructions to do命令/吩咐某人做。
9. anxious adj. 1.) 焦虑的,挂念的[(+about/at/for)] I'm anxious about her safety. 我对她的安全担心。 He was anxious for the safety of his family. 他担心家人的安全。 2.) 令人焦虑的 The week of the flood was an anxious time for all of us. 闹水灾的那一星期是使我们大家都焦虑不安的日子。 3.) 渴望的 [(+for)][+to-v][+that] We\'re anxious for your safe return. 我们盼望你平安归来。 We were anxious that there be no misunderstanding. 我们极愿没有误解。 I could see that she was anxious for Laura to go. 我看得出她巴望劳拉去。 I\'m really anxious to see him. 我急于见他。 10. secure adj. 1.) 安全的,无危险的[(+from/against)] Now my house is secure against burglary. 现在我的房子无被盗窃之危险。 2.) 安心的,无忧虑的 You have made me feel secure. 你使我觉得放心。 3.) 有把握的,确定无疑的 Our success is secure. 我们的成功是有把握的。
11. academic adj. 学院的, 理论的；学术的
Eg：academic year学年 academic rank学衔academic degree 学位
n.(C) 大学教师, 大学生; 学会会员; 学究式人物
academy n.(C) -mies学会the Royal Academy皇家学会;学院；高等专科学校
an academy of music音乐学院
university n(C) （综合）大学 Oxford University牛津大学
college n(C) （综合大学中的）学院,独立的）学院,高等专科学校
a college of agriculture农学院 evening college夜大学
institute n(C)学院; (大专)学校;
12.. adopt ( vt. ) Adopted (adj ) adoption (n.)1.) 采取;采纳;吸收 adopt a new technique/ method/ideaAfter much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion.
总经理再三考虑之后,决定采纳她的建议。
Circumstances will force us finally to adopt this policy.情况最终会迫使我们采用这项政策。
2.) 过继,收养[(+as)] Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. 克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。
3.) 正式通过,接受 The agenda was adopted after some discussion. 经过讨论,议事日程获得通过。
adopted adj. 收养的, 移居的 their adopted son他们的养子
adoption n. 收养，领养； 采用；推选
put sb. up for adoption 提出让人收养某人 the adoption of new technology新技术的采用
adoptive adj. 收养的，有收养关系的
13. operation n 操作;【医】手术;运转
be in operation在运转中; 在行动中; 在实施中; 在生效中
come into operation开始工作[运转];生效 go into operation开始工作[运转];生效
perform an operation on sb. for a disease因某种病给某人动手术
14. Broaden vi 变宽，变阔；扩大 One’s views broaden at college. 一个人的见解在大学时代变得开阔起来。
Vt 使宽，使阔；使扩大 This narrow highway should be broadened. 这条狭窄的公路应该加宽。
15. broaden: vi. / vt. =(to cause to) become broad or broader 使扩大, 使宽阔
=to increase your knowledge, experience, etc 增长（知识、经验等）
eg. broaden one’s horizons 打开眼界，拓宽视野
Travel broadens the mind. 旅行使人开阔心胸(眼界)。
The river broadens (out) at this point. 这条河到这里开始变宽。
Her smile broadened. 她笑得更加灿烂了。
“adj./n. +en→v.”使变得…
类似词语： deepen, thicken, sweeten, straighten, quicken, brighten， darken, soften, harden, widen, shorten, sharpen, lengthen, strengthen
16. appropriate adj. =correct or suitable适当的， 合适的 常和for, to 连用。
Vt. =to set aside for some purpose拨出（款项）,盗用，挪用
eg. He made a speech appropriate to the occasion. 她作了个适宜该场合的演讲。
Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party. 正式聚会上穿牛仔裤是不合适的。
Now that the problem has been identified, appropriate action can be taken.
现在既已找出问题的症结，即可采取适当的行动。
inappropriate opp.不适合的appropriateness n.appropriately adv.
词组短语：
1. come across 偶然遇见
2. more than 不止是，远超过
3. most puzzling of all 最令人疑惑的是…
4. make sense of 弄懂…的意思 make/sense/no sense
in a sense=in a way在某种意义上 the sixth sense
a sense of… ……感，……觉
a sense of humo(u)r 幽默感 a sense of duty/responsibility 责任感
a sense of harmony和谐感 a sense of justice正义感
a sense of wellbeing 幸福感 a sense of touch 触觉
a sense of hearing听觉 a sense of sight视觉
a sense of smell 嗅觉 a sense of taste 味觉
a sense of beauty审美感 a sense of hunger饥饿感
a sense of time 时间观 a sense of achievement成就感
5. distinguish from 与…辨别
6. make progress 前进；进步
progress n.前进, 进行, 进展，进步, 上进; 发展; 改进; 【生】发育, 进化
eg The building of the house is in progress .房子在建造中。
vi.前进, 进行, 进步; 进展; 发达, 发展
eg The work is progressing steadily.工作正在扎实地进行。
相关短语： in progress在进行中, 在举行 make progress in在...方面取得进步[进展]
make progress towards朝着...(目标)前进make progress with把...向前推进; 在...(方面)取得进展, 进行
7. equip with 备有…, 以…装备
1) equip vt. =to provide oneself, or another with what is necessary for doing sth. / to make able /fit/prepared “装备，配备” 常与with 或for 连用。
eg. The reading-room is not equipped with air-conditioning. 阅览室里没有装空调。
Your education will equip you for your future life. 你所受到的教育将使你具备未来生活的能力。
注：equip 宾语必须是被装备的对象而非装备物。
equipment n. U装备，设备，设备，器材 n. [C] 可表示各种设备
注：一件设备 a piece of equipment 两件设备 two pieces of equipment
equipment 偶尔有复数形式，但不可说two / several / some equipments。
类似短语：be furnished with be supplied with be provided with be fitted with be burdened with be loaded with be crowded / packed with be covered with be filled with
8. adjust oneself to 使自己适应…
adjust sth adjust sth to adjust (oneself / itself) to be adjusted
同义词：adapt oneself to 使自己适应…… adapt sth. for a particular use 使某物适合某一特殊用途
9. regardless of 不顾；不管 10. take place 发生 11. as a consequence 结果
12. in other words 换句话说，换言之
in a/one word 总而言之;总共=in all/in total in word and in deed在言语上和行动上
word for word=word by word 逐字地 have a word with sb. have words with sb.
13. an awful lot of 非常多，极多14. in a few years’ time 在几年之后15. in the progress 在过程中
16. have something in common 有一些共同点 17. take chances 冒险一试，碰运气18. deal with 处理
19. put something to use 使用、利用
put…to good use =make good/full use 充分使用/有效利用
类似短语：come into use 开始使用 make (good/full) use of好好/充分利用
have no use for不需要，用不着 in use 在使用中
go out of use 停止使用 for the use of为……专用
It’s no use doing…/There’s no use doing…没用处，无益处
be (of) (no) use to…对某人（没）有用 use sth up 用完
use your head/loaf(BrE.) 你动动脑子，你仔细想想
be used to do sth. be / get / become used to n./ doing sth be used for n./doing sth. be used as…
20. take risk / a risk 冒险 20. contribute to 有益、有助于 221. experiment with 进行实验
23. a series of 一系列 24. piles of 一大堆、一大团 25. put an end to 结束
26. knock down撞倒; pull down/tear down knock into sb.撞上;run into/come across
knock…out of…从..中敲出来; knock against 撞到…上;
knock at/on敲… knock over打倒;打翻 knock about漫游,漂泊,闲逛
27. all of a sudden 突然间 28. stay in touch 保持联络
29. fall behind 落后fall down跌倒；失败fall back 后退，撤退fall off （从。。）掉下
fall over 跌倒 fall into 陷入
30. be concerned about/for sth/ sb = be worried about sth/sb 担忧
be concerned with sth/sb.关心;和..有关;对。。感兴趣 be concerned in sth.参与。。，从事
31. take an active part (in) 积极参与 32. broaden one’s horizon 开阔眼界
33. depend on 依靠、依赖 34. be involved in 参与
35. make way for 给… 让路 36. due to 由于、归功于
37. in accordance with 依照、根据 38. fill up 填满、塞满
39. make changes to sth. 对…作出改变