Unit 11
1．criterion/ criteria(pl) n. (判断、批评的)标准,准则,尺度[C]
What criteria do you use when judging the quality of a student's work?
你用什么标准来衡量学生的学业?
2．summary adj.
1.) 概括的,扼要的
He gave a summary report of the day's events. 他对一天的事件作了简要的报告。
2.) 实时的;草率的;即决的,简易的
The government took summary action to aid the earthquake victims.政府即刻采取行动救济地震灾民。
n. 总结,摘要,一览[C][(+of)] He made a summary of the case. 他为这个案件做了一个摘要。
3．percentage n.
1.) 百分率,百分比[C] [(+of)] What percentage of children were absent? 缺席的学童占百分之几?
2.) 比例;部分[C] Each of them got a percentage of the profits. 他们每个人都得到一部分利润。
3.) 【口】好处,利益[U] There is no percentage in arguing with him.同他争论于事无补。
4．suspect vt.
1.) 疑有,察觉 The tiger suspected danger and ran away.老虎意识到危险便逃跑了。
2.) 怀疑,不信任 We suspected their honesty. 我们不相信他们是诚实的。
3.) 怀疑(某人犯有过错)[+of] [+(that)]The police suspected that Bill did it. 警察怀疑那件事是比尔干的。
4.) 猜想;料想 [+(that)] I suspect they'll come. 我想他们会来的。
n. 嫌疑犯;可疑分子[C]
adj. 可疑的;受到怀疑的;不可信的[(+of/to/with)]
His motives were suspect with others. 他的动机受到其他人的怀疑。
5．temporary
adj. 临时的;暂时的,一时的 Ellen has got a temporary job. 艾伦找到一份临时工作。
n.[C] 1.) 临时工,临时雇员 She works in the office as a temporary. 她在办公室做临时雇员。
2.) 临时事物;临时房屋
The wartime temporaries will be replaced by permanent homes.
那些战时临时住房将被永久性住宅代替。
6．expectation n.
1.) 期待;预期[U][C]The dog wagged its tail in expectation of a bone. 那条狗摇着尾巴,巴望吃肉骨头。
2.) 期望,预期的事物(pl.) The reward fell short of our expectations. 奖励不符我们的希望。
3.) 前程(pl.) a young artist with great expectations 有远大前程的青年艺术家
7．division n.
1.) 分开,分割[U][(+into)]
The compilers agreed upon a division of the textbook into twelve units.
编写者都同意把教科书分成十二个单元。
2.) 分配,分派[U][(+between/among)]
The thieves quarrelled about the division of their stolen goods. 这些贼为分偷来的物品而争吵。
3.) 【数】除(法)[U] The boy has learnt to do division. 这个小男孩已学会做除法。
8．compromise n.
1.) 妥协,和解[C][U][(+between)] I hope we shall come to a compromise. 我希望我们能达成妥协。
2.) 妥协方案,折衷办法;折衷物[C]
The interior decoration of the house is a compromise between Chinese and foreign styles.
这所房子的内部装饰是中西两式的折衷物。
vt. 1.) 互让解决(分歧等) 2.) 连累,危及
You will compromise your good name if you associate with these people.
你如果与这些人交往就会损害你的好名声。
3.) 放弃(原则等);泄露(秘密等) He refused to compromise his principles. 他拒绝放弃原则。
vi. 妥协,让步[(+on)] They found it wiser to compromise with her. 他们觉得与她妥协更明智。
9．dynamic adj.
1.) 力的;动力的 a dynamic load 动力荷载 2.) 能动的;动态的 a dynamic verb 动态动词
3.) 有活力的;有生气的;强有力的 a dynamic young businessman 生气勃勃的年轻商人
10．embarrass vt.
1.) 使窘;使不好意思,使局促不安 [(+with/by)]
Arthur seemed embarrassed by the question. 亚瑟似乎被这个问题弄得有些窘迫。
2.) 使负债;使拮据 A large family embarrassed him. 他子女多,这使他经济拮据。
3.) 妨碍,阻碍 Wearing the heavy coat embarrassed his movements. 穿着厚大衣妨碍了他的行动。
11．contradictory adj.
1.) 矛盾的,对立的[(+to)]
The prisoner's statement was contradictory to the one he'd made earlier.
那个囚犯的供词与早些时候说的相矛盾。
2.) 好反驳的,喜争辩的 a contradictory nature爱斗嘴的讨厌本性
n.[C] 1.) 矛盾因素,对立物 2.) 【逻】矛盾命题;否定项
12．violent adj.
1.) 激烈的;猛烈的;强烈的 The boat sank in a violent storm at sea. 船在海上强烈的风暴中沉没。
2.) 由暴力引起的;暴力的[Z] She died a violent death. 她惨遭横祸。
3.) 极端的,极度的 A violent impatience overcame him. 他变得极不耐烦。
4.) 狂暴的,凶暴的 The madman was violent and had to be locked up. 这疯子十分凶暴,只好把他锁起来。
13．resign vt.
1.) 放弃,辞去 The general resigned his commission. 将军辞去了他的职务。
2.) 把...托交给,委托[(+to/into)]
She resigned her children to the care of her sister. 她把孩子交给她妹妹照管。
3.) 使听从,使顺从[(+to)] He is resigned to his fate. 或 He resigned himself to his fate. 他听天由命。
vi. 辞职[(+from)] The simplest thing is for him to resign at once.最简单的做法就是他立即辞职。
14． definite adj.
1.) 明确的,确切的 She made no definite answer. 她没有作确定的回答。
2.) 一定的,肯定的 It's definite that he'll be late again. 他肯定又要迟到。
3.) 限定的
15．congratulate vt.
1.) 祝贺;恭喜[(+on/upon)]
I congratulate you on your great discovery. 我祝贺你的伟大发现。
I want to congratulate you with all my heart. 我衷心地祝贺你。
2.) (后接oneself)自我庆幸[(+on)]
He congratulated himself on having survived the air-crash. 他庆幸自己在空难中幸免于死。
16． finance
n. 1.) 财政;金融;财政学[U]
He got the position on the strength of his skill in finance. 他凭着自己的理财本领得到了这个职位。
2.) (对事业的)资金支援[U]
3.) 财源;资金;(国家的)岁入;财务情况[P]
The country's finances have improved.这个国家财政状况改善了。
vt. 供资金给;融资,为...筹措资金 Our project is adequately financed. 我们的工程资金充足。
vi. 筹措资金 We are financing for the housing project. 我们在为住宅计划筹措资金。
17．decline vi.
1.) 下降,下跌;减少;衰退,衰落
As one grows older one's memory declines. 人的记忆力随着年龄增长而衰退。
Unemployment declined to 4 percent last month. 上个月失业率降至百分之四。
2.) 【书】倾斜;下垂 3.) 婉拒;谢绝
vt.
1.) 婉拒;谢绝[+to-v] She declined their invitation. 她婉拒了他们的邀请。
She declined to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well.
她说她身体不舒服,婉拒了与她的朋友共进午餐。
2. )【语】使发生词尾变化,使变格
n. 1.) 下降;减少[S1] There is a decline in real wages. 实际工资有所减少。
2.) 衰退,衰落[the S] 3.) 倾斜[the S]
18．oral
adj. 1.) 口头的,口述的
An oral agreement is not enough; we must have a written promise.
只有口头协议是不够的;我们必须有一个书面承诺。
He passed his German oral exam. 他通过了德文口试。
2.) 口的,口部的 The oral opening in an earthworm is small. 蚯蚓的口是很小的。
3.) (药)口服的 The doctor prescribed an oral dose of medicine. 医生开了一剂口服药。
重点短语:
1.stick with继续支持；保持联系
2.through thick and thin 不顾艰难1. 在任何情况下
I'll support you through thick and thin.在任何情况下我都会支持你们。
3.pull out of从……中退出 pull out of the fire1. 使转危为安
They just pulled the game out of the fire.他们好不容易赢了比赛。
4.cater to满足某种需要或要求,迎合;为...服务
Those newspapers cater to the lowest tastes.这些报纸迎合低级趣味。
5.for the sake of由于；为了……的利益 为了
He argues for the sake of arguing.他是为争辩而争辩。
6.in reality事实上；实际上 =in fact, actually
Everyone likes the stranger, but in reality he is a criminal.
每个人都喜欢这位陌生人,其实他却是个罪犯。
7.keep an eye on 照料；照管1. 照看;注意
Would you keep an eye on my baby for a while?请你照看一下我的婴儿好吗?
8.take sth. into account考虑；体谅
9.as a whole 总的说来；作为整体;整个看来
Is this true just in this country, or in the world as a whole?
只是在这个国家如此呢,还是就整个世界来看都这样?
10.once again再一次
11.live up to依照……行事；做到；不辜负（期望）实践;
You must live up to your promise.你必须实践自己的诺言。
12.accept...as... 认为……
The astronaut accepts danger as being part of the job.
宇航员承认他们的工作中包含着危险。
13.on one’s own独自，靠自己，独立
14.the majority of大多数；大部分
15.a pie chart饼状图
16.a bar chart柱状图
17.match...to... 使……（和……）调和，相配
18.be suspected of 被猜疑，被怀疑
19.take measures to ...采取措施（做……）
20.be familiar with 对……熟悉
21.be made up of构成；组成
22.count...as... 把…认为…
23.on the other hand 另一方面
24.attach to 伴随… 属于All blame must attach to myself.一切责任应由我本人承担。
25.be aware of 察觉到，感觉到，获悉
26.be suitable for适合做……
27.guard...against... 守护……（免于……），保护
28.make the best use of充分利用
29.on the surface 表面上的，外表上
30.as a matter of fact 实际上
As a matter of fact, I've never been there before.事实上我从未到过那儿。
31.be satisfied with 对……满意
32.lose face 失面子
33.by means of以……，借着……用;以
They succeeded by means of perseverance.他们依靠坚忍不拔而获得成功。
34.put ... to use使用，用，利用
35.in demand有需要的；吃香的The book is in great demand.这本书需要量很大。
36.so as to 为了，目的是