Unit 10 The World Around Us
I.Teaching aims and demands
1.Topics
1>Talk about ways to protect the environment
2>Talk about wildlife endangerment
3>Talk about causes and effects
2.Function:
原因和结果(Causes and effects)
Why...? Because/As/Since...
Because of...,I... If...,then...
As a result of... It follows that...
It will use... It will lead to...
3.Vocabulary
fur;Tibetan;lead;jungle;wolf;giraffe;environmental;tour;act;measure;original;
battary;devote;common;valuable;reduce;respond;amount;package;packging;harmful;
flat;material;poster;attractive;topic;organize;brief
in danger;die out;as a result of;lead to;take measures;adapt to;
make a difference;devote...to;at present;set free;in the wild;throw away
4.Grammar:
Review Direct and Indirect Speech
1.Reporting statements
2.Reporting yes-no questions
3.Reporting wh-questions
4.Reporting commands and requests
5.Reporting general truth
II.Key points
1.listening and speaking
1>When farmers cut down trees,tigers no longer hide and hunt.
no longer
[用法]不再,可与not...any longer换用.
[举例]She no longer feels afraid.
He s no longer at school.
No longer are they staying with us.
他们不再和我们在一起.
2>There are few areas left where pandas can live.
left
[用法]剩下，此处为过去分词做定语。
[联想]leave的特别用法：
1.leave sb to do 让某人去做某事
2.leave sb doing 使某人处于某种状态
3.leave the window open 让窗户开着
3>Many of the world s animals and plants are in danger.
in danger
[用法]处于危险中
[比较]dangerous:造成危险的;带来危险的
[举例]Get an ambulance---her life is in danger.
The fire is dangerous to us as it is so near.
4>Why is it so important to make sure that animals do not die out?
die out
[用法]消亡;灭绝
[联想]die away 逐渐消失;逐渐停止
[举例]The sound of conversation died away as soon as the curtain rose.
大幕一升起,谈话的声音渐渐地停了下来.
In the struggle for life,the species,which had not been successful,died out.
在生存竞争中,不能成功的物种就灭绝了.
5>Work together with your partner and try to think of some solutions to the problems.
together with
[用法]意同as well as;along with
[注意]在连接主语时,谓语动词的数取决于充当主语的第一个名词的数.
6>It will lead to...
lead to
[用法]导致
[举例]The development of national economy has led to a life of happiness.
国家经济的发展使人民过上了幸福生活.
Careless driving will lead to the loss of life.
开车大意会导致丧命.
7>Student A will act as the reporter and Student B will act as the animal.
act as
[用法]充当;担任
[比较]act vt. 扮演...角色; vi. 行动;做事;表演
8>Take turns asking and answering questions.
Take turns (in) doing
[用法]轮流做某事
[联想]take one s turn 依次轮流
by turns 交替;轮流
[举例]1.When people are waiting for the bus,he takes his turn.
2.The two boys took turns in driving to the faraway village.
3.She was happy and angry by turns.
2.reading
1>Jones is an environmental expert who tries to keep animals and plants from becoming endangered.
keep...from doing
[用法]防止(阻止;避免)...做...
[联想]stop...from doing; prevent...from doing 意思基本相同
2>We human beings could not survive without all plants and animals around us.
could
[用法]本句为虚拟语气用法,could表示反现实的含义.without短语相当于一个隐藏的条件:if there were no plants and animals around us.
[举例]If you needed assistance,I could do something.
假如你需要帮助,我可以帮你做点什么.(看样子,你不愿接受帮助)
In the USA,for example,75% of the grains is used to feed animals.This grain could be used to feed humans,rather than animals.
3>He takes us on a tour of Green Park in Birmingham.
tour
[用法]n. 1. 旅行,旅游,游览 2. 巡视;巡回演出;巡回比赛
[举例]Mr. Adams made a tour around East Asia last year.
亚当斯先生去年往东亚旅行了一次。
Their troupe is on tour in the South.
他们的剧团在南方巡回演出。
4>We must learn to act in ways that do not harm other living things.
that do not harm other living things
[用法]此为定语从句,关系词在从句中做主语,不可省略
[比较]I don t like the way that you laugh at her.
本句中way在定语从句中做状语,关系词用that或in which或省略.
[举例]1.I was impressed by the way in which she did it.
5>...,we may be able to take measures before it is too late.
take measures
[用法]采取措施
[举例]Measures must be taken to fulfil the task in time.
6>A species can become endangered for different reasons.
species
[用法]n. 种类;【生】种;人类[the S]
[注意]单复数相同
[举例]There are many species of chrysanthemum.
菊花品种很多。
7>They are all used to their environment;that is,they have learnt how to live successfully in their habitat.
that is
[用法]那就是;即
[举例]John is a New Yorker;that is,he lives in New York.
8>...,the animal or plant has to adapt to the change or find a new home.
adapt
[用法]vt.1. 使适应,使适合 2. 改编,改写 vi. 适应[(+to)]
[举例]He tried hard to adapt himself to the new conditions.
他努力使自己适应新的情况。
10>The good news is that there is a lot we can do to help.
that there is a lot we can do to help
[用法]that引导的是表语从句(名词性从句的一种),其构成与宾语从句、主语从句类似.
[举例]The trouble is that we don t have the computer.
11>Even small things can make a big difference.
make a difference
[用法]有关系;有差别;重要
[联想]make no difference 无甚差别;不要紧
[举例]Your good score on the coming test will make the difference between your passing or failing the course.
12>Professor Stevenson,who has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer,gave a talk to Chinese college students.
devoted ... to ...
[用法]把...献给...;把...专用于...
[举例]We must devote every effort to helping those homeless children.
Einstein devoted himself to abstract research.
13>How many centers are there at present for the milu deer in China?
at present
[用法]现在;目前
[联想]present的其他用法: n.礼物 a.在场的;出席的;现在的 vt.赠送,给予
presently adv. 一会儿;不久
[举例]You may still keep the book for another week because I am very busy at present.
What he said made all the people present at the meeting moved a great deal.
Don t worry.The doctor will come to see you presently.
3.integrating skills
1>Without air,water and sunlight there would be no living things.
there would be
[用法]would仍是虚拟语气用法,全句意为 (假如)没有空气,水和阳光,就不会有生命. (而实际上,现在不可能没有空气,水和阳光)
[举例]If I were you,I would take his advice.
如果我是你,我会接受他的意见.(我不可能是你,这是和事实相反的一种假设)
2>Human beings often throw away things they have used only once.
throw away
[用法]扔掉;抛弃
[举例]I never had the habit of saving the match boxes.I just threw them away.
[联想]throw off 扔掉;摆脱;匆匆脱掉(衣服)
[举例]I wanted very much to throw off my old clothes so I went into a tailor s shop.
3>In fact,nature is much better at recycling than we humans are.
is much better at
[用法]可理解为be good at的比较级形式
4>May be we should learn from nature and become better recyclers.
learn from
[用法]向...学习;从...吸取教训
[举例]We should learn from the advanced workers.
我们应该向先进工作者们学习.
Why don t you learn from my mistakes?
你为何不从我的错误中吸取教训呢?
5>We can respond by thinking about nature and telling other people about environmental problems.
respond
[用法]vi. 1. 作答,回答[+to] 2. 作出反应;响应[+to/by/with]
[举例]Has she responded to your letter?
她有没有回过你的信?
The government has responded to pressure and dropped the proposal.
政府已在压力下放弃了这一建议。
6>A poster should be attractive and easy to understand.
easy to understand
[用法]这里的主语poster和understand虽然是动宾关系,但表语形容词后的动词不定式一般用主动式
[举例]Jack is easy to fool.
He is difficult to deal with.
The man is hard to work with.
4>workbook
1>Try to persuade the other group members that you are the most useful animal.
persuade
[用法]persuade sb that/to do/into doing 意为说服+成功;
而try to persuade意为 试图说服,但不一定成功 ,相当于advise
2>They have spent a large amount of money protecting wild animals.
a large amount of
[用法]同large amounts of,后接不可数名词,做主语时谓语动词的数取决于amount的数
[举例]The number of letters we receive is increasing.
I have a large number of books on the subject.
We must often memorize large amounts of material.
3>Up to a hundred species become extinct every day.
Up to
[用法]此处意为 高达...
[联想]What are you up to? 你在忙些什么？
It s up to you!（由你做主）
I m up to my ears[忙得不可开交；深陷于某事物中] in work.（我忙死了）
extinct
[用法]a.1. (火等)熄灭了的 2. 消亡了的;破灭了的 3. 绝种的,灭绝的
[举例]The volcano is extinct.
这座火山是座死火山。
My hope of getting some employment was extinct.
我要找到工作的希望落空了。
The passenger pigeon is extinct.
旅鸽已绝种。
4>The Malayan sun bear is among the animals that need our help.
among
[用法]在……当中
[举例]A giraffe is the tallest among (or of) all animals.
5>The bears can t find enough food,so they have to go look for food on farms.
go look for
[用法]寻找
[举例]Let s go look for some food. 让我们去找点吃的.
6>There are also people who like to keep Malayan sun bearts as pets.
keep ... as ...
[用法]把...当作宠物来喂养
[联想]keep…as it is按原样保留
[举例] The experts suggested we keep the ancient house as it is.
7>Now that the basic conditions are set,it is time to think how your world will work .
Now that
[用法]既然;由于,引导原因状语从句
[举例]Now (that) you are well again,you can travel.