语法专项系列之二
名 词
1. 名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。
2．可数名词：可以用数目来计算的名词叫可数名词。可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式(少数名词两种形式是相同的)。
3. 不可数名词：一般无法用数目来计算的名词叫不可数名词。不可数名词一般没有复数形式,并且不能用不定冠词a(an)或数词one修饰。
4. 有些单词既是可数名词又是不可数名词，但是所含意义不同（[u]代表不可数名词，[c]代表可数名词）
adventure [u] 冒险 experience [u] 经验
[c] 奇遇 [c] 经历
beauty [u] 美丽 expression [u] 表达
[c] 美人 [c] 表情，词语
coffee [u] 咖啡 practice [u] 实践，练习
[c] 一倍咖啡 [c] 习惯、常规做法
difficulty [u] 困难 success [u] 成功
[c] 难事 [c] 成功的人或事
5. 单复数形式分别表示不同的意义
time 时间 wood 木头 sand 沙子 paper 纸
times 次数，时代，倍 woods 森林 sands 沙滩 papers 试卷，论文，报纸
iron 铁 cloth 布 glass 玻璃 water 水
irons 脚镣，手铐 clothes 衣服 glasses 玻璃杯眼镜 waters 大片的水，海域
work 工作 force 力量 good 益处 manner 态度
works 工厂，著作，工程 forces 军队 goods 货物 manners 礼貌
6. 名词直接作定语要注重习惯搭配。名词作定语分类如下:
（1）表示分类意义的名词作定语。woman driver女司机coffee cup咖啡杯
（2）表示时间，地点、称呼等的名词常直接作定语。
a book store书店 a college student大学生
（3）表示目的、手段、原料、来源、所属等意义的名词作定语。
a motor car摩托车 a straw hat草帽
（4）由man, woman,作定语的名词词组，变成复数时，前后两部分都要变为复数形式。
7．名词的所有格
(1)表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格一般在名词后加“’s”，其构成形式如下：
1）一般名词后加“’s”。例如：my brother’s bag
2）以-s或-es结尾的复数名词的所有格，只在名词右上方加“’”。例如：the workers’ club
3）如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词加“’s”；如果不是共有的，两个名词后都要加“’s”。例如：Jane and Mary’s room(共有) Jane’s and Tom’s books(不共有)
4）在表示“某人家”、“店铺”的名词所有格后面，一般省略它所修饰的名词。例如：
at the doctor’s在诊所 at Mr. Green’s在格林先生家
练习；
完成下列句子：
1． The railway station is ______ （两个小时的车程）from our school.
2． My sister has two __________(牙刷)
3． Mr Johnson used to be a _______ （化学老师）and now is working in a ___________.（化工厂） chemical teacher chemical works
4． She married __________（在她三十多岁时） in her thirties
5． __________ （多么糟糕的天气）we ‘ve been having these days. What terrible weather.
6． It is _______ （没有用处）trying to persuade to change his idea. Of no use
7． He dropped the ___ （咖啡杯）and broke it. Coffee cup
8． I have three ______ （五美圆的票子）in my wallet. Five-dollar notes
9． He won’t lose his way because he has _______________.（方向感很好）
10Yesterda called at ___________ （玛丽的姐姐家）
II.真题再现
1. The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _____of 60 miles.( 04 全国IV)
A. length B. distance C. way D. space
2. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children’s _____.(04天津)
A. reach B.hand C. hold D. place.
3The environmentalists and wild goats’ ____ on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment. (04上海)
A. escape B. absence C. attendance D. appearance
4In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the____ in personality.
(04上海)
A. contact B. contrast C. connection D. conflict
5 Chinese arts have won the____ of a lot of people outside China. (04上海)
A. Enjoyment B. appreciation C. entertainment D. reputation
6 “I don’t think it’s my___ that the TV blew up. I just turned it on, that’s all,” said the boy. (03上海)
A. error B. mistake C. fault D. duty
7. ___I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired.
--There is no ___ for this while you are on duty. (03北京)
A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. explanation
8. The manager has got a good business ____ so the company is doing well. (03北京)
A. idea B. sense C. thought D. thinking
9. To regain their ___ after an exhausting game, the players lay in the grass. (02上海)
A. force B. energy C. power D. health
10. According to the recent research, heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily ___ and effect. (02上海)
A. reason B. impact C. fact D. cause.
11. As a result of destroying the forests, a large ___ of desert____ covered the land. (01上海)
A. number has B. quantity has C. number have D. quantity. have.
12. In the botanic garden we can find a(n)___ of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.
(01上海)
A. species B. group C. amount D. variety.
13. –Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree? (01上海)
--No, it’s out of ______.
A. range B. reach C. control D. distance.
14. The life of London is made up of many different _______.(01上海)
A. elements B. sections C. materials D. realities.
15. You’ll find this map of great ______ in helping you to get around London. (.NMET98)
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness.
16. I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little____. (NMET96)
A. wait B. time C. patience D.rest
17.. He gain his ____ by printing ____ of famous writers.(.NMET95)
A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works.
18. Here is my card. Let’s keep in______.(NMET94)
A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship
.19 If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a _____..(NMET97)
A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice.
.20. Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within_____ of little children.(04.湖北)
A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance
21. My ______about this weekend activity is going out with some good friends. (05安徽)
A. idea B. opinion C. mind D. thought
22. He hasn’t slept at all for three days, ________ he is tired out. .(05湖北)
A. There is no point B. There is no need C. It is no wonder D. It is no way
23. He proved himself a true gentlemen and the beauty of his_______ was seen at his best when he worked with others. (05上海)
A. temper B. appearance C. talent D. character
24 Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_________.(05天津)
A. ability B.force C. strength D. mind
25. I am sure Bill will be able to find the library-he has a good______ direction.(05浙江)
A.idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense
答案。I.1.A two hour’s drive; 2 tooth brushes; 3 chemical teacher chemical works
4 in her thirties 5 What terrible weather. 6 of no use 7 coffee cup 8 five-dollar notes
9. a good sense of direction 10 Mary’s sister’s
II.1-5 a d d d c 6-10 c b b b d 11-15 b d a a c 16-20 c d a a b 21-25 b c d c d