作者：籍万杰
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其用法复杂,考查面广、量大,是同学们颇感棘手的语法项目,也是历年来高考的重点之一。现在让我们走近名词性从句,剖析其考查热点,探索其命题规律。
一、考查名词性从句的语序
不管主句的语气如何,名词性从句总是使用陈述语序。
[原题再现]
No one can be sure ________ in a million years.
A. what man will look like
B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what
D. what look will man like
答案是A。
二、 考查it作形式主语的用法
英语中为了使句子保持平衡,常用先行词it代替主语从句,而把主语从句放到句子的后面。
[原题再现]
________ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This
C. That D. It
答案是D。
三、 考查关联词的正确选用
这是近几年高考的重中之重。解决这一问题可以从以下几点入手:
1.依据"缺什么补什么"的原则确定正确的连词
认真分析句子成分,看从句中缺什么成分,再根据语境和语义,选用恰当的连词。如果从句中缺少主语,指人用who,指物则用what;如缺宾语,指人用whom,指物用what;如缺时间状语用when;地点状语用where;原因状语用why;方式状语用how;定语用what或which;如果从句中什么成分都不缺,用that。例如:
I don't know who will be our English teacher next term.(缺主语,指人用who)
I know what should be done and what shouldn't be done.(缺主语,指物用what)
I'm sure that he will come tomorrow.(什么成分都不缺,用that)
Where he will go is still unknown.(缺地点状语,用where)
I don't know which / what topic I should choose.(缺定语,用what或which)
[原题再现]
-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-Is that ________ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when
C. what D. where
答案是A。
2.注意几组易混连词的使用
1) what与that
这是高考测试的一对热点连词,同学们一定要将其掌握。that引导名词性从句时仅起连接作用,不作句子任何成分,除在宾语从句中外一般不可省略;what引导名词性从句时,除起连接作用外,还在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语等句子成分。
[原题再现]
________ he said is true.
A. What B. That
C. Which D. Whether
答案是A。
2) whether与if
whether与if在引导动词的宾语从句时,两者一般可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及作介词宾语的宾语从句或后面直接跟or not时,只能用whether。
[原题再现]
________ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
答案是B 。
3) "wh-+ever"与"wh-""wh-+ever"引起的名词性从句不含疑问意义,相当于名词/代词后加一个定语从句;而"wh-"如what, which, who, whom, when, where等除与前一种从句有相同的含义之外,还都有疑问意义。
[原题再现]
① Eat ________ cake you like and leave the others for ________ comes in late.
A. any; who B. every; whoever
C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever
② ________ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
③ It's a matter of ________ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
答案分别是C D A。
3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句和定语从句都跟在名词后,极易为某些同学混淆。同位语从句是用来对前面的名词解释说明的,而定语从句是用来对先行词加以限制的;引导同位语从句的that在从句中不作任何成分,而引导定语从句的关系代词that则在定语从句中担任主语或宾语。
[原题再现]
① Finally, the thief handed everything ________ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. whatever D. that
② Information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
答案分别是DB。第①题是定语从句,第②题是同位语从句。
《名词性从句考点透视》一文,以往届高考试题为例,对该语法项目的考点进行了透彻的分析。请做下面的习题,检测一下自己对此语法项目的掌握情况。
1. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ________ .
A. who is he B. who he is C. who are they D. who it is
2. ________ she couldn't understand was ________ fewer and fewer students were interested in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
3. -We haven't heard from Jane for a long time.
- ________ has happened to her?
A. Do you suppose that B. What do you suppose
C. Do you think that D. What you think
4. I don't care ________ she has no money. I care ________ she is honest or not.
A. if; when B. whether; that C. if; whether D. what; if
5. Word came ________ the PLA man approached the child slowly and helped him to safety.
A. since B. so that C. that D. why
6. The child is always lying, so none of us will believe ________ he says.
A. whatever B. no matter what C. how D. which
7. The fact troubles me so much ________ I have been unable to pass the driving test up to now.
A. which B. because C. why D. that
8. See to ________ the children don't catch cold.
A. it what B. it that C. what D. that
9. He, ________ is playing an important part, is well-known to us all.
A. that who B. those who C. who that D. who
10. It matters little ________ a man dies, but ________ matters so much more is ________ he lives.
A. how; what; how B. how; it; how
C. why; it; why D. which; what; that
11. Pointing to the house, he said, "This is ________ I used to live when I was young."
A. when B. what C. that D. where
12. After ten years, he had changed a lot and looked different from ________ he used to be.
A. why B. which C. what D. who
13. Father made a promise ________ I passed the examination, he would buy me a bicycle.
A. that B. if that C. whether D. that if
14. -What about the speech he made this afternoon?
- ________ he said so must be quite encouraging, I think.
A. What B. That C. / D. All
15. There are signs ________ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.
A. in which B. which C. that D. whose
16. Because they usually receive the same score on standardized exams, there is
often disagreement as to ________ is the better student, Bob or Helen.
A. who B. where C. when D. whose
17. Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and ________ more than 10,000 years ago.
A. this is Alaska B. Alaska is now
C. is now Alaska D. what is now Alaska
18. The boy dived into the water and, after ________ seemed to be a long time, he
came up again.
A. what B. that C. it D. which
19. ________ we can pass the coming examination will mainly depend on ________ we learn and ________ we learn it.
A. Whether; what; how B. That; whether; why
C. If; how; that D. Why; that; how
20. Although most of them have no doubt ________ he will pass the exam, I still wonder ________ he has really got everything ready.
A. whether; that B. that; whether
C. that; that D. whether; whether
key: 1-5 DABCC 6-10 ADBDA 11-15 DCDBC 16-20 ADAAB