作者:吕新军
1.[原文] ① But I heard him speak.(L.65) ② Suddenly, they hear someone outside shouting: ...(L.66)为什么①句中speak用原形,而②句中shouting用的是V-ing形式?
[精析] 感官动词hear后可以接动词原形和V-ing作宾语补足语,即hear sb. do或hear sb. doing。二者的区别是:前者表示后边的动作已经完成,后者表示后边的动作正在进行。试比较:
I heard him say that the matter was yet undecided. 我听见他说那件事还没决定。
I heard somebody laughing. 我听见有人在笑。
2.[原文] I'll shoot anyone who moves!
(L.66)动词shoot后如果加一个介词at,意思有变化吗?
[精析] 有。 shoot作及物动词,表示"击中",后接被击中的对象。如:
He shot the bird dead. 他把那只鸟射死了。
当表示"向......射击"时,要用短语shoot at,此时不强调结果。如:
He shot at a dog, but missed it. 他朝狗开枪,但没打中。
3.[原文] Who would you ask for help if you were robbed? (L.66)这句话在本课中并不表示过去,而谓语动词却用的是would ask和were,这是什么语法现象?
[精析] 这是一个含虚拟语气的句子。在英语中,表达的假设或不大可能发生的事时,要使用虚拟语气。如果假设与现在事实相反或与将来事实可能相反,条件从句为"if +主语+动词过去式", 主句为"主语+should (would)+动词原形"。(这种语法现象在以后会学习到。)如:
If I were you, I would leave him at once. 如果我是你,就立刻离开他。
句中ask sb. for help是"向某人求助"。ask sb. for sth. 是"向某人要求某物",ask for sb. / sth. 表示"要求见某人;要求与某人谈话;要某事物"等等。如:
She asked him for advice. 她向他征询高见。
Did anyone ask for me? 有人找我吗?
Did you ask your boss for a pay increase? 你请求老板加薪了吗?