I. 重点词语
translate v. 翻译
blame vt. 责备,责怪
luggage n. 行李
review vt. 检查,复审,批评
have comments from… 听取……的意见
give a description of… 对……进行描述
bring in 带进; 引来; 引进
the disadvantage with ……的不足之处
hand in hand (with) 与……携起手; 手挽手
in charge of 负责
think up 想出; 设计出; 发明; 编造
try out 试验; 试销; 试用
For one thing,… for another (thing)… 一方面……, 另一方面……
II. 课文讲解
一. 难句分析
1. Then they can express their satisfaction with the product.那么,他们可以发表他们对产品表示满意的意见。
"express one's satisfaction with…""对……表示满意",如:
The teacher expressed his satisfaction with the result for the experiment.老师对实验结果表示满意。
The organizers expressed their satisfaction with the preparations for the conference.大会的组织者对大会的各项准备工作表示满意。
2. For one thing, it's boring, and people aren't going to read an ad.that looks boring.一则它很单调,人们不会去读一个看上去单调的广告。
"for one thing"首先,一则;举个理由。
For one thing, she dances; for another, she is fond of singing.一则她能跳舞,二则她喜欢唱歌。
3. So what exactly are you suggesting?那么,你想提点什么具体建议呢?
句中的so是连词,用以同下文的句子相连,有"因此""那么"的意思。
A:We'll get to the station at about 3:00.我们大概三点左右可以到达火车站。
B:So we'll catch the 3;30 train.那么,我们可以赶上三点半的火车。
句中用了现在进行时(…are you suggesting?)表示"即将发生的动作或准备做的事情"。
全句大体相当于:So what exactly are you going to suggest?又如:
Who is designing the advertisement?这幅广告谁来设计呢?
When are you having a holiday?你们什么时候放假?
How long are you staying in London?你们打算在伦敦住多久呢?
4. 在Practice中的第1句: What kind of advertisement do you read or watch on TV, if any?如果你看广告的话,你看哪类广告呢?
句中的"…if any?"是"…if you read or watch any"的省略。在复合句中,如果从句中的某个或某些成分同主句的相同的话,常可以省略,以避免重复。如:
We'll certainly help you if we can(help you).要是可能的话,我们肯定会帮助你。
They will get everything ready tomorrow if not earlier.(=… if they can't get it ready earlier.)
他们明天会把一切准备好,如果不能更早一些的话。
5. Advertising is a highly developed twentieth-century industry.广告业是二十世纪的一项高度发达的工业。
"highly developed industry" 高度发达的工业; "highly"副词,修饰developed。
a widely used language一门广泛应用的语言
highly praised deeds被高度赞扬的事迹
6. The development of radio, television, cinema, magazines and newspapers has gone hand in hand with the development of advertising.
广告业的发展是和无线电,电视,电影,杂志,报纸的发展紧密相连的。
"hand in hand(with)"手牵手地;紧密合作;密切相连;和……一边
They walked hand in hand in the park.
他们手牵手地在花园散步。
Hand in hand with reading, he has developed the habit of making notes.
他养成了一边读书一边作笔记的习惯。
Doctors and nurses work hand in hand to save lives.
为了挽救生命,医生和护士总是紧密配合。
再如:arm in arm手挽手
shoulder to shoulder肩并肩
二.固定用法与辨析
1. 辨析boring与dull, tiresome:
三词都为"令人厌烦的",但有区别:
boring概念最广,尤指引起人厌倦、枯燥的谈话文章,也指令人生厌的人。如:
The talk was very long and boring. 这篇谈话冗长,毫无趣味。
dull 与boring极为相近,也指因呆板或缺乏趣味性而令人感到厌倦。如:
a dull book 一本枯燥的书。
tiresome主指单调沉闷而产生疲倦厌烦。如:
It's a tiresome thing to be funny for a whole evening.
整晚上都逗笑取乐是很疲劳的。
2. 辨析gift 与present:
两词都为"礼物",但有细微的差别。gift既指免费捐赠给团体或机构的物品,也指亲友间互赠礼品。如:a gift to the museum 一件捐给博物馆的赠品。present指亲友间互赠,如:Here is a little present for you. 这儿有你一份小小的礼物。
3. 辨析fragile与weak:
两词都表示"虚弱的",但有区别。weak指身体弱或性格、意志软弱,如:He is too weak to talk. 他太虚弱了而不能说话。fragile 指易碎的东西,也常指身体不好。如:The glass is fragile. 玻璃易碎。
三.语法精讲
过去分词是动词的一种形式,在谓语中可帮助构成完成形式和被动形式,在非谓语中可作定语、表语、宾补和状语。它与v-ing形式在句子中担任的成分大体相同,主要是过去分词有被动的意思,而v-ing形式一般有主动的意思。它们在句中起形容词和副词的作用。下面按句子不同成分举例说明。
1. 定语( Attributive )
Throw away this broken cup. 把破杯子扔出去。
They are problems left over by history. 这些是历史遗留下的问题。
注意:过去分词作定语时,动作一般在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。如上面三句,或是没有一定的时间性,如果指的动作此刻正在发生,可用v- ing的被动形式( i ) 如果指未来的动作,可以用不定式的被动形式 ( ii ) 作定语。
i. We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 我们这儿讨论的事必须保密。
ii. You are cordially invited to a party to be given at our institute at 7:30 p.m. next Saturday. 我院于下周六晚七时半举行晚会,敬请光临。
2. 表语( Predicative)
过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态或主语的特点,从形式上和被动结构差不多,但被动结构表示动作。如:
The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。
比较:It is usually closed at 6. 它通常六点关门。(被动结构)
The glass is broken. 玻璃杯破了。
比较:The glass was broken by my sister. 玻璃杯是妹妹打破的。(被动结构)
She looked disappointed. 他显得很失望。
Don't get excited, Comrades! 别激动,同志们!
以上两句和v-ing形式作表语不同,如:
The situation is disappointing. 形势令人失望。
The story is exciting. 故事感人。
v-ing形式作表语多表示主语自身具有的特征。
3. 宾补( Object Complement)
过去分词作宾补和宾语构成复合宾语。它和宾语是被动的关系,可以在see, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, get, have, feel, make 等动词后使用,如:
She was glad to see her children well taken care of in the nursery.
她高兴地看到孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾。