U7-U8 (S.B.I)
2. a number of / the number of
a number of 意为“一些；许多”，相当于many，用于修饰可数名词．它所修饰的名词作主语时，中心词是复数名词，其谓语动词也用复数形式．
the number of 意为“……的数量；号码”．当它与后面的名词连用时，中心词的the number，如果用作主语，其谓语动词用单数．
用 a number of / the number of 填空
1. Do you know ____ number of my telephone?
2. ____ number of trees planted in our village is never under 200 every year.
3. We have lived here for ____ number of years.
4. ____ number of jobless people grows in the countryside at present.
5. ____ number of students are playing football on the playground.
6. ____ number of students in our class is 70.
5. cut off / down / up / through /cut off a. 切断,阻断
If you cut off the supply of water and electricity, we can do nothing but give in.
b. 停止,中断...的(电话)通话
He cut off her rudely. We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation.
c. 切掉,砍掉 He had a finger cut off by a machine
cut down 砍掉,切掉; 减少(数量等) cut down expenses 减少开支
cut up 切碎,剪碎 cut up meat 将肉切碎
cut through 剪断; 刺(凿)穿; 抄近路穿过
The tailor cut through the cloth by mistake.
They had to cut through the mountain to make a railway here.
Cut through this alley(胡同). It will save time
cut out 删除，戒掉cut in 插嘴， 突然插入
1. We must _______________ our expenses.
2. We were for _____ ________ the cost of production.
3. Let’s ______________ the unimportant details.
4. They were then almost completely _____________ from the outside world.
5. He often _________________ with a few remarks while we were discussing the problem.
6. I’m _______________ this pile of wood ________.
7. The army was called in to ________________ the fallen trees.
6. stay 的用法 stay up : a. 挺住、站住、不倒
This is the only building that stayed up in the earthquake.
b. 熬夜、不睡 He stayed up all night, preparing the papers
stay away (from sb.): 保持距离、不打扰 Tell him to stay away from my sister
stay in: 呆在家不出去 The doctor told me to stay in for a few days.
stay out: 呆在外面 I don’t like you staying out so late.
stay ahead: 领先、占上风stay behind: 留在后面
The teacher asked him to stay behind after class.
stay with: 与……呆在一起；继续使用 Please stay with me a little longer.
7. 表示倍数,分数时使用的句型 a. 倍数/分数＋ as ＋ adj./adv. ＋ as
b. 倍数/分数＋比较级(adj./adv.)＋than c. 倍数/分数＋the size (length, depth,
height, weight ...)＋of He runs three times as fast as she.
This problem is ten times easier than that one. This room is twice the size of that one.
1. The room is half the size of that one. It was 25% cheaper than the market price.
2. I have two-thirds as many as you.
8. what 和 how 引导感叹句
what + (a) +adj. +n. what + n. how + adj. + a(an) +n. how + adj. / adv.
What a clever boy (he is)! How clever a boy (he is)!
What fine weather we have had these days! How hard he has worked in the past two weeks
as / like
① 用作介词时，as 侧重于同一性，意味着属于同一类或完全相似；like 侧重比较，不意味着属于同一类或完全相似。
He speaks English as an Englishman. He speaks English like an Englishman
② 当与系动词 (be, look, seem 等)连用作表语时，要用like；而在某些固定结构如(as follows, as a whole, as usual, as you know, 等)只能用 as，不能替代。
① She is a fine singer, ________ her mother used to be.
② It looks ______ a stone.③ _______ you know, he got into lots of bad habits.
④ You are just ________ what I expected.⑤ He ought to do __________ I tell him.
11. room
room: a. 房间(可数名词) -roomed : adj. a ten-roomed house
b. 空间(不可数名词) There was room in the bus to stand but not to sit.
This table takes up too much room. There is no room for doubt. 没有怀疑的余地
make room for … 为…腾出地方（位置） space: a. 表空间(同room)
b. (二物或多物间的)间隔距离(可数或不可数)
the spaces between printed words separated by a space of ten meters
Put as much space as possible between the lines.
12. prepare / prepare for / get (be) ready
1. get (be) ready 意为“准备好”，强调准备的结果，常见的结构有：
get ready for sth. get sth. ready be ready for sth. be ready to do sth. (准备干某事，乐于干某事)
2. prepare 意为“准备”，强调准备的动作与过程，宾语是这一动作的承受者。某后还可接双宾语，还可接不定式。
3. prepare for 意为“为……做准备”，for 的宾语不是动作的承受者，而是表示准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。
prepare常见的结构有： prepare sth. 准备某物（事）prepare sth. for sth. 使……为……做好准备prepare to do sth. 准备做某事prepare for sth. 为某事做准备
prepare sb. for sth. 使某人对某事有思想准备be prepared for sth. 准备好应付某事
1. Mother was busy __________ us lunch in the kitchen when I got home.
2. The doctor told the nurses to ____________ the operation at once.
3. We ____________ to do anything for the people.
4. Will you help me ____________ the party?
5. Please ____________ by seven o’clock tomorrow morning.
6. The teacher is ______________ the exam.
7. The students are ______________ the exam.
8. Will you __________ her for the bad news that is coming?
13. 由 turn 构成的几个短语和句型
① take turns ( at sth. ): 轮流做某事
Mary and Henry took turns at looking after their sick mother.
② by turns: (指人, 团体)轮流地, 依次地
She went hot and cold by turns. They laughed and cried by turns.
③ in turn: (指两人)轮流地; (指三人)一个接一个地,接连地, 依次
They were ordered to see the teacher in turn
④ out of turn:在规定时间之前或之后不按顺序
You mustn't speak out of ( your ) turn.
⑤ It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
Now it’s your turn to read the text.
17. one / ones / that / those
① one 代可数名词，指非限定的一个。
I’d like a cake made by my mother, not one bought at a shop.
He’s not one to bow before difficulties.如果指限定的一个则用 the one。
Our hotel is the one nearest the sea. The boy who threw the stone is the one with fair hair.
② that 代不可数名词。The weather here is warmer than that in Beijing
③ one 可代人或物，that 只能代物。
A student who studies hard has more chances to succeed than one who doesn’t.
④ ones 和 those 代复数名词。
The machines are better than those/ the ones we turned out last year.
18. discover / invent / find out
discover: 发现原本存在而未被人所知的东西 Columbus discovered America in 1492.
discover还作“发现某种情况”讲,后面可接名词,代词,复合宾语和宾语从句.
invent: 意指创造客观形式世界上从未有过的新事物 "发明"
Edison invented lots of new things in his life.
find out: 通过努力而发现事实的真相,查明...,
They wanted to find out what on earth was the matter.
用 discover / invent / find (out) 填空
1. Electricity wasn’t __________ by Edison, but he _________ the electric light.
2. Have you __________ the bike you lost last week?
3. We ___________ her to a good doctor.
4. This kind of machine was __________ many years ago.
19. ever before / ever since / ever after
ever before:在以往任何时候,语气强于before He works harder than ever before.
ever since: 从那以后,语气强于since, I have known him ever since he was a baby.
ever after意思同ever since，区别是 ever since 用于现在完成时；ever after 用于一般过去时。
用 ever before / ever since / ever after填空
① The flowers grow more beautiful than ____________.
② I haven’t written home _____________ Christmas.
③ I have known her ___________ she was a baby.
④ They lived happily ___________.
⑤ I lost my money and I have been worried _____________.
20. sound / noise / voice
1. Sound 指各种听得见的声音，这种声音可以是悦耳的，也可以是不悦耳的；
2. Noise 指各种“噪音、响声、喧闹声”；
3. Voice 指人的说话声、歌声或笑声，也可以指鸟鸣声，也可以用于比喻。
4. I heard a strange ________ in the next room.
5. She listened to the low, sad __________ of the sea.
6. The manager must be in the next room. I heard his __________.
7. Don’t make such a ___________.
8. The _______ from that factory makes it difficult for me to go to sleep.
9. _______ travels fast, but light travels faster. The baby cried at top of his _________.
21. not … but …
She isn’t at school but at home today. He didn’t do any work today but played all day.
试比较下列两个句子
Not he but you are to blame for this accident. No one but you is to blame for this accident.
21. as many as / as much as
As many as 意为“多达……, ……之多”，常用于人或物的具体数量前，结构为：
As many as + 数词 + 复数名词；
As much as 常用在“雨量、水量、时间量、重量、价格”等方面，表示“总量”和“单位量”的大小，结构为： as much as +数词+ 复数名词
试比较：…倍数 + as many + 复数名词 + as ;…倍数 + as much + 不可数名词 + as
用 as many as / as much as填空
1. __________ 250,000 people lost their homes in the earthquake.
2. The rain is plentiful here, often _________ seventy inches a year.
3. At the job, she could earn _____________ eighty dollars a week.
4. The civil war in the country lasted _____________ 16 years.
23. alone 与 lonely
① 词性：alone 可以作 adj. 和 adv; lonely 只能作adj.
② 用法：作形容词时，alone 只能作表语或宾补不能作定语；lonely 可以作表语和定语。alone不能用very 修饰，而要说much alone 或very much alone。
l 词义：作表语时，alone 的意思是“独自一人”指的是客观情况；lonely 的意思是“寂寞”指的是主观感觉。
m 固定结构：leave / let sb. / sth. alone 听任、不打扰； let alone 更不用说
1. He feels ___________ though he has two brothers.
2. The old man lives in a _________ house in the forest _________.
3. When he woke up, he found himself _____ in the room.
4. Though he is ________ at home he doesn’t feel _______, for he has many things to do.
5. The baby can’t walk; let ________ run.
6. Leave the machine ______. It’s dangerous
改错
1. What he said was sounded true.
2. Our water supply was cut down for a day.
3. Please wait in a while, we’ll be here soon.
4. Many people were killed in their cars, but a few lucky one were not hurt.
5. Weak buildings will drop down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.
6. Take turn to carry water.
7. Corn was not the only food which was taken to Europe.
8. Early Europe travellers took many new seeds to their own countries.
9. He ran through the road.
10. Mother can prepare food by many different ways.
Translation
1. 正当我考虑去哪儿弄这么多钱准备这次旅行时,我姐姐主动提供帮助我。
2. Benjamin Franklin发现了电,而电灯是由Edison发明的。
3. 这车子很挤了,但我想我们能够再挤出 一个人的空间。
4. 自从上星期来,学生们就一直在忙于准备即将到来的考试。
5. 如果世界人口继续这样增长的话,地球上将只有站立的地方了。
6. 竹子可被制成多种有用的产品。7. 这汤的味道多好啊!我想再来一碗。
8. 唐山地震发生于1976年7月28日凌晨3 点多，几乎所有的建筑物顷刻间毁于
一旦，只有极少一部分留了下来，许多人变得无家可归；许多人在这场地
震中失去了生命。因为天气炎热的缘故，一场严重的疫病袭击了当地的人
们。幸运的是在党和政府的帮助下，很快地建起了一座新的现代化的城
市。自那以后，唐山再没发生过如此惨重的地震。
Unit 9-10
6. thanks to 幸亏,由于
I am well again, thanks to the doctor.
Thanks to John's help, we finished the work ahead of time.
Thanks to the bad weather, our journey was very uncomfortable.
◆ 作“由于”用时，其意与 because of;
owing to; due to 相近。
thanks to 中的 to 是介词。类似的结构还有：
stick to lead to
get down to devote…to…
get used to due to
add to turn to
get close to refer to
look forward to come to …
9. time 短语:
at one time 从前; at a time每次,一次;
at times (=from time to time; now and then); at all times (= always) for a time 一段时间
behind time 迟,晚;落后,拖欠;
in no time立即; at no time 任何时候都不
in time及时 on time 准时; all the time 一直; at the same time同时; ahead of time提前
time and time again (一次又一次);
◆He went up the stairs two at a time.
◆The train is ten minutes behind time.
◆I go to see my parents at times.
◆Without your help, we couldn't have
finished our work ahead of time.
1. In class, you should listen to your teacher ____________ but not ____________.
2. We were good friends ___________, but aren’t now.
3. Please give me two books _____________.
4. We couldn’t say who came earlier. They almost arrived _______________.
5. You should ____________ waste your time playing computer games.
6. He was a professor of a university in Beijing ____________. Now he studies in America.
10. although，though，as
a. although conj. 虽然 (= though) 引导让步状语从句，与 in spite of 同义。
注意: 1. in spite of 后接n. 或 pron.
In spite of his old age, he still works very hard.
2. 不能用Although ( Though)..., but...
应该用 Although / Though…, yet…
或： …, but…
*. Though we all felt tired, yet none of us wanted to stop to have a rest.
b. though adv. 然而。常用在句末, 用","隔开( although 无此用法)，另外在 even though (=even if); as though (=as if)结构中不能用although
He said he would come; he didn't, though.
I like her even though she can be annoying. c. though 尽管, 与as一样常用在倒装句中.
Young though/as he is, he knows a lot.
(= Though/Although he is young, he knows a lot.)
Hero as / though he is, he is never proud.
(= Though/Although he is a hero, he is never proud.)
① ____________________ it was snowing, it
was not very cold.
② Strange _______________ it may seem, he
remained single all his life.
③ Child _________________ he is, he draws
pictures very well.
④ I’ll keep on trying, even __________ I fail.
⑤ It was very hard work; I enjoyed it,
_________.
⑥ There is no excuse, _________, for hurting
her feelings.
⑦ She speaks as _______ she was a foreigner.
11. take up
a. 占(时间,空间等)
The piano takes up too much room.
b. 拿起 “Take up your gun and shoot at the
enemy,” ordered the officer.
c. 从事(斗争), 进行(新课等)
Even in prison, he wrote songs to call on
the workers to take up the struggle.
Now, let's take up the new lessons.
由take构成的常用短语：
take off; take on ( a new look); take place;
take the place of; take one's place;
take charge ( of ); take steps ( measures );
take... by surprise; take ( no ) notice of
14. sport / game / play / race
这些词均属于体育运动范畴，但具体用法和含义不尽相同。其中 play 为一般用语，无特殊含义，如 table tennis, football 等都可看作 play 中的一种运动。Sport 指户外游戏或运动，限于体力锻炼，包括娱乐性的活动， 如：hunting, boating 及竞赛类的 running 等。而 game 指有一定规则的，双方竞争的游戏或运动，既可指体力的，也可指脑力的，如 basketball, chess 等。race 专指（速度的）比赛、赛跑等。此外，sport 和 game 还可以指“运动会”，多用复数形式。如：
the sports meeting; the Olympic Games
16. take part in
take part in the sports meet ( a competition, physical labour, activities...)
但: take an active part in积极参加(part 前有adj. 时,须加不定冠词)
辨析: take part in 指参加到某一活动中去；
join: 加入某组织成为其中一员(= become a member of)；
join (sb. ) in: (伴随...) 一起参与...；
attend: 参加(会议,听课等)
Would you like (和我们一起散步)?
His father (参军) 30 years ago.
That old man ( 参加 ) the Long March.
If I had had time I __________________ (参加) your birthday party yesterday.
18. win / beat
beat 的宾语只能是表示人的词或一个集体, “在比赛; 战斗; 争论”中击败某人应说
beat sb. in ….
win 作“赢”解时,其宾语通常是 war; battle; game; match; argument; medal 等,不能是表示人的名词
1. They do their best to _______ medals.
2. We _______ their team by 10 points.
3. Jim _______ Tom by a yard and ______ the race.
4. Do you know who ______ the Nobel Prize for physics in 2002?
19. opinion 的用法
① in one’s opinion （据…看来）
In the opinion of the most people, he did right in this matter.
② one’s opinion of (某人对…的观点和看法)
What’s your opinion of our English teacher?
③ have a good / high / low / poor opinion of…
= think well / highly / badly / poorly of…
20．打电话的几个常用句型：
telephone / phone (to) sb.
call / ring sb. (up)
make a telephone call to sb.
give sb. a ring / phone call
21. bring down 与 go down
两者都可以指价格等方面的下降，但 go down 为不及物动词短语, 不要用于被动，其反义词组为 go up； bring down 为及物动词短语,可以用于被动，其反义词为 bring up。如：
We should do everything to bring down the price.
The price has gone down.
1. I believe the prices might __________ next week. We can buy some cheap ones then.
2. Can you get them to __________ the price? We can’t sell at such a low price.
3. The government should take measures to __________ the price of petrol. It’s too high.
4. After the rain, the river keeps ___________.
5. It is too hot these days. I hope the temperature will ____________ soon.
22. change for / with / into
1. Change for … 意为“向……方面转化”; change A for B意为“把A调换为B”, 有时A可以省略。
change with … 意为“随同……改变”; change … with sb. 意为“和某人交换” 。
A change into B 意为“A变化为B”; change A into B 意为“把A变成B”; change into 还可以表示“换上(衣服)” 。
① The weather is changing ______ the better.
② Times change and we should change _____
them.
③ Will you change seats ______ me?
④ He changed his camera ______ a television
set.
⑤ Ice changes _____ water rapidly on hot days.
Change the following sentences _______
negative forms.
pHe changed _____ another driving suit.
23. learn / study
learn 表示学习的初级阶段或带有模仿、实践的学习过程，study 表示高深的钻研、研究过程。另外还需要注意以下几点：
◆ 汉语中“努力学习”不能说 learn hard, 而要说study hard; 而英语中的 learn sth. well 也不是“好好学习…”，而是“把…学好”或“把…学会”。如：She learned fast and well.（她学得又快又好。）
◆ “向…学习…” “从…学到/得知…”必须用 “learn… from…”
① She is ___________ to drive a car.
② The subject he _________ was chemistry.
③ Why don’t you _______ from my mistake?
④ --- What is he ___________ there?
--- Law. He is a law student.
⑤ The old and the young should _________
from each other.
24. complete / finish / end
complete 有 adj. 和 vt. 两种词性，而 finish只能作动词。作动词用时，complete 与finish 的主要区别有：
◆ complete 后只接名词或代词，finish 后可接名词、代词和动名词。
◆ complete 常用于完成预定的任务、工程、建设等；finish 是一般用语，用于完成日常活动，着重指圆满结束已着手的事情。
◆ finish 可表示“吃完、喝完”，complete不能。
◆ complete 只作vt. 而 finish 可作vt. &vi.
end 既可作 vt. 也可作 vi.。主要用来表示“结束” “终止”某项活动，而不管这一活动是否达到所希望的结果；它还常与 with / in / by 等连用。
① The term will _________ in July.
② When can you ___________ reading this
novel?
③ They haven’t ____________ the house yet.
④ They ___________ the evening with a few
songs.
⑤ We started off immediately after we had
____________ our lunch.