1.The country covers six of the world's 24 time areas.
▲关于时区(time areas)请参见TB(A,L.2-1)。
▲cover是及物动词，本作“覆盖”“遮盖”解，本句中的cover是“占有(多少面积)”(occupy the surface of)的意思。又如：
①The city covers 20 square miles.这座城市占地20平方英里。
②He owns a farm which covers nearly 900 areas.他拥有一个将近900英亩的农场。
▲此外，cover还可以作“采访(新闻)”解，如第14课中第一段的句子，Reporters are then sent to cover the events.(新闻记者被派去采访这些事件。)请看下列句中cover的不同词义。
③Jim was sent to cover the Science Conference in Shanghai.吉姆被派去采访上海的科学大会了。
④Please cover the table with a tablecloth.请把桌布盖在桌子上。
⑤The Red Army covered over 1,000 kilometres during the Long March.红军在长征途中走过了两万多里。
⑥China covers about 9.6 million km2.中国的版图大约占960万平方公里。
⑦I covered one third of the book.我读完了这本书的三分之一。
2.Plants grow well all the year round and the parks and gardens are famous for their flowers.一年四季植物生长良好，这里的公园和花园都以花卉而闻名。
▲all the year round是名词词组，作“一年到头”、“一年四季”解，在句中作时间状语，类似的名词词组还有：all day long(整天地，一天到晚地)，all night long(整夜地)， all the time(一直，始终地)。例如：
①The grassland beyond this mountain has little rain all the year round.山那边的草原终年少雨。
②The nurse sat by the patient all night long.护士整夜守在病人身边。
③They had to work all day long, and have no time to talk.他们整天都得工作，没有时间谈话。
核心知识
常用单词积累
generally speaking notice differently settle
all the year round be famous for
a great deal of make use of race
clear up from time to time
基础知识精讲
1.settle
▲ settle 作“殖民；殖民于，定居，决定”解
句 式
(1)〔settle(+名词/代词)〕 殖民(于)
(2)〔settle + 名词/代词；settle to do sth〕了解，决定
(3)〔settle +疑问词+to do sth./疑问词从句〕解决
①The Dutch settled in South Africa.
荷兰人在南非殖民。
②Let them settle the problems themselves.
让他们自己来解决这些问题。
③Have you settled where to go?
他们已决定去什么地方了吗?
联想 settle down sb settle sb down
settle down (to sth) settle (down) to sth
▲settle (在活动过后)安适地坐下或躺下
▲settle (sb) down (使)镇定；(使)平静
▲settle down (to sth) 立身；安顿(于新的生活方式，新行业等)
▲settle (down) to sth. 避免分心，专心工作
▲settled 形容词，“稳定的，不变的；永久的”
▲settlement “解决，和解”
▲settler 殖民者，侨居新兴国家者
2.notice
▲ notice 作动词，“注意(到)；看到”
句式
(1)〔notice +名词/代词〕 (2)〔notice +that+从句〕
(3)〔notice +疑问词从句〕 (4)〔notice +疑问词+to do〕
(5)〔notice +名词/代词+动词原形/v-ing形式/过去分词〕
①He was too proud to notice me.他太傲慢了，连理都不理我。
②I noticed that he left early.我注意到他提早离开了。
③Did you notice what happened?你可看到发生什么了?
④I noticed where to fish.我注意到哪儿能捕到鱼了。
⑤I didn't notice you enter.我没注意你进来。
注意：
notice属感观动词(即表感观意义的及物动词)。通常感观动词都有notice的以上五种常见用法。这类动词常见的有see, observe, watch, look at, listen to, hear, feel等
3.struggle against
▲struggle against 后既可接表人的名词，亦可接表示事物的名词，表示与之对立(对抗)的人或物进行斗争，意为“同……作斗争”，against可与with互换。
①He struggled against/with those who opposed his plan.他同反对他计划的人作斗争。
②They struggled against poverty.他们同贫穷作斗争。
▲struggle for后通常接抽象名词，意为“为(真理，事业解放等)而奋斗”
③All the black slaves struggled for freedom.所有的黑奴都为自由而斗争
④The poor have to struggle for a living.穷人不得不为生存而斗争。
4.refer to
▲refer to 表“查阅；参考”
①You can refer to your note when you are speaking.你发言时可以看稿子。
②You have to refer to a dictionary to find the meaning of this word.你得查阅字典找出这个词的意思来。
注意：refer表“查阅”意义时，可与consult换用，但不可与look up换用。
③考试时不准查字典。
［误］Don't look up a dictionary while having an examination.
［正］Don't look up new words in a dictionary while having an examination.
［正］Don't refer to a dictionary while having an examination.
［正］Don't consult a dictionary while having an examination.
▲refer to 表“指……而言；适用于”
④I didn't know whom she was referring to when she said that.她这样说时，我不知道她指的是谁。
⑤The regulations refer to children.这些规定适用于小孩。
▲refer to 表“提到，提及”
⑥Don't refer to that matter again.不要再提这事了。
⑦The author begins by referring to the early history of Africa.作者在开头提了一下非洲的早期历史。
▲refer to 与介词as连用，即“refer to…as…”结构表示“将……称作……”的意思。
⑧He heard them refer to her as“Big sister”.他听见他们叫她“大姐”。
⑨This is why Marxists refer to this type of movement as scientific socialism.因此，马克思主义者把这个运动称作科学社会主义。
▲refer…to “把……委托给”“把……提交给”
⑩We should refer this matter to the head office for a decision.我们应当把这事提到总部去决定。
5.average的多种用法小结
▲average作形容词，意为“平常的，平均的”
①The average age of the students in this class is sixteen.本班学生的平均年龄是十六岁。
②Most boys in my class are those of average intelligence.我们班大部分男孩是智力平常的男生。
▲average 作名词。“平均数；平均标准”
on (the) average 根据平均标准，平均而言
③The average of 3 and 9 is 6. 3和9的平均数是6。
④On the average, our body temperature is about 37℃.平均而言，我们的体温在37℃左右。
6.generally speaking “一般地说”在句中作插入语，对整个句子进行解释。
①Generally speaking, your answer is right.一般来说，你的回答是对的。
②Generally speaking, newspapers follow the American way.一般地说，报纸采用美国英语的拼法。
类似的短语还有：
strictly speaking 严格说来，严格地说
exactly speaking 确切地说
frankly speaking 坦率地说
personally speaking 就(我)个人来说
roughly speaking 大体说来，大体下可以说
broadly speaking 总而言之，概括地说
7.tell 作动词，意为“告知，告诉；讲述”解，常与can, could, be able to等连用。
①I can't tell the difference between them.我看不出他们之间的区别。
②How can you tell a Japanese from a Chinese?你怎样识别日本人和中国人呢?
③The two sisters look so much alike that it is difficult to tell them apart.这两姊妹长得那么相像，简直分辨不出谁是谁。
▲to tell (you) the truth 说实话(用作插入语)
▲there is no telling 很难说，不可知
④To tell the truth, I don't agree with you.老实说，我不同意你的意见。
⑤There is no telling what may happen.将会发生什么事是无法知道的。
8.sound 连系动词，“听起来”，后可跟形容词、名词、介词短语等作表语。
①The plan doesn't sound very reasonable.这计划似乎不甚合理。
②That sounds a good idea, don't you think?那听起来是个好主意，你说呢?
③Your voice sound as if you have a cold.你的声音听起来像是伤风了。
▲类似表示感觉的动词：smell, taste, feel, look等，都可用作连系动词。
④Flowers smell sweet.花发出香气。
⑤The liquid tastes bitter.这种药水喝起来很苦。
⑥Silk feels smooth.丝织品摸起来很光滑。
⑦The city looks very nice, doesn't it?这城市看起来很漂亮，是吧?
9.mean 的两种用法
▲mean“意欲，打算，图谋”跟名词或代词，不定式，跟带不定式的复合结构。
①He means us no harm.他无意伤害我们。
②I didn't mean you to see and read the letter.我并没有打算要你阅读那封信。
③She doesn't mean to go.她不想去。
④He certainly meant what he said.他所说的当然是正经话。
▲mean “表示；意味着，意指”跟名词或代词，从句和v-ing。
⑤A dictionary tells you what words mean.词典告诉你词语的含义。
⑥To raise wages means increasing power.提高工资意味着增加购买力。
10.make use of 利用；使用 use前可加形容词
▲make good (full, the best, any, etc) use of (sth) 好好(充分，最好，任何等)利用(某物)
①You can make any use of my dictionary you like.你可以随意使用我的词典。
②How can an underdeveloped country make the best use of science?经济落后的国家怎么能最好地利用科学呢?
典型例题
During the summer holidays there will be a revised(修改过的) schedule(时刻表)of services for the students. Changes for dining-room and library service hours and for bus schedules will be posted on the wall outside of the dining-hall. Weekly film and concert schedules, which are being arranged(安排) will be posted each Wednesday outside of the student club.
In the summer holidays, buses going to the town center will leave the main hall every hour on the half hour during the day. The diningroom will serve three meals a day from 7:00 am to 7:00 p.m. during the week and two meals from noon to 7:00 p.m. on weekends. The library will continue its usual hours during the week, but have shorter hours on Saturday and Sundays. The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00 p.m. .
All students who want to use the library borrowing services must have a new summer card. This announcement will also appear in the next week's student newspaper.
1.The main purpose of this announcement is to ______________.
A. tell students of important schedule changes.
B. tell students of new bus and library services.
C. show the excellent services for students.
D. ask students to renew their library cards.
2.At which of the following times will the bus leave the main hall?
A.8:00,9:00,10:00,11:00 B.8:30,9:30,10:30,11:30
C.8:30,9:00,9:30,10:00 D.8:00,9:30,11:00,12:30
3.Times for films and concerts are listed in this announcement because
______________.
A. they are not to be announced B. they are hard to arrange
C. the full list is not ready D. the full list is too long
4.In the summer holidays, the library will have ______________.
A. no special hours.
B. special hours on weekdays
C. special hours on weekends
D. special hours both on weekdays and weekend.
5.We may infer that during the summer holidays ______________.
A. the student newspaper will sell more copies.
B. there will be a concert or a film once a week.
C. many students will stay in the university.
D. no breakfast will be served on weekends.
解析 1.这是一道主旨题。考生需要在充分领会文章中心思想的基础上判断本文的写作目的。文章开头的第一句话是全文的主题句，也是本通知的目的。故A应为 该题的最佳答案。
2.这是一道细节题。只要考生抓住文章第二自然段中…will leave the main hall every hour on the half hour during the day的这句话便可得出B为最佳答案。
3.这是一道细节题。同时也考查考生的推断能力。文章第一自然段中Weekly film and concert schedules, which are being arranged, will be posted each Wednesday outside of the student club.一句中的非限定性定语从句可以帮助考生得出这样的结论，每周的电影和音乐会的时间表正在安排，其言外之意是还没有准备好，故C应是本题的最佳答案。
4.这是一道细节题。只要考生抓住第二自然段中的最后两句话，便可得出C为该题的最佳答案。
5.这是一道推断题。从文章第二自然段的The dinging-room will serve three meals a day from 7:00 am to 7:00 p.m. during the week and two meals from noon to 7:00pm on weekends一句话中可以推断，周末没有早餐。故D为最佳答案。
【有关"Canada" 的教学设计】
教学设计1. Canada
前言
同学们将在本单元学习有关加拿大的一些情况。下面是用简单的英语对加拿大的解释：Canada is the largest country in North America . The distance from east to west is over 5 , 500 kilometres and the country covers six of the world's 24 time areas . It has an areas of about 9.9 million square kilometres and it has a population of about 29 million . There are two national languages in Canada - French and English . The weather in Canada is
学习目标：
一、交际用语
1）Are there many differences？
2）Do you use American or British spelling？
3）American spellings are used more and more in Canada now．
二、单词和词组
1）notice
2）differently
3）generally speaking
4）tell the difference between A and B
5）sound strange
6）follow the American way
三、句型
I’ll tell you something that does sound strange．
教案内容：
内容1：教学重点与难点
内容2：语法扩散思维
教学设计2. Lesson 25
学习目标：
运用所学语言，完成教科书和练习册中规定的听、说、读写的基本任务。熟练地阅读课文“ Canada”，确切理解，让学生了解加拿大的历史地理和风土人情。完成有关课文内容的练习。组织学生参加本校加拿大外籍教师举办的外语课，谈论加拿大的风土人情，使学生能够将所学知识运用于实践，培养学生与外籍教师交谈的口语能力。
1. To help students understand the differences pronunciation
between Canadian English and American's.
2. To master the skills of talking about strangers.
3. To learn the new words and phrases.
教案内容：
内容1：Teaching Procedures
教学设计3. Lesson 26
学习目标：
1. Learn and master the following.
(1)…is the second largest…
(2)English-speaking…
(1) As in China
(2) all the year round
(3) be famous for
2. Improve the students’ ability of reading comprehension.
教案内容：
内容1：Teaching Procedures
教学设计4. Lesson 27
学习目标：
1. Learn and master the following
(1) live on
(2) make A from B
(3) make use of
2. Study a little about word-formation, and subject predicate consistence.
3. Improve the students’ ability of reading comprehension.
教案内容：
内容1：Teaching Procedures
教学设计5. Lesson 28
学习目标：
1. Review the grammatical points and useful expressions in this unit.
2. Do some listening.
3. Do some writing.
教案内容：
内容1：Teaching Procedures
教学设计6. 高二英语 Uint 7 Canada
学习目标：
教学目的和要求
1.单词和词组：
四会：
L.25 generally speaking notice differently
L.26 settle all the year round be famous for deal a great deal of make use of
L.27 race skin tool
L.28 clear up from time to time
三会：
L.25 tap eastern
L.26 official official language settle struggle struggle against freeze freezing average natural natural gas exploit ordinary refer refer to
L.27 tent baggage block fur basic settlement
二会：
L.25 Dean accent
L.26 Ottawa minus C=centigrade
L.27 hunt Inuit seal
2.日常交际用语：
A lot of people can’t tell the difference between an American accent and a Canadian accent.
Are there many differences?
What do you mean by…?I’m sorry, I don’t follow you.
Do you use American or British spelling?
American spellings are used more and more in Canada now.
3.语法
学习主语和谓语的一致的用法
教案内容：
内容1：教学重点难点
【关于“Canada”的常见问题】
常见问题1: Canada
问题：
A child ran into the street and _______________ her bicycle.
A. falls off B. knocks down from
C. knocked her off D. fell her off
解答:
解析：答案为C。fall off从……落下，off可作副词，也可作介词；knock off把……敲落；击倒，off同样可以作介词，也可以作副词。本题中and前后两个并列谓语部分，应保持时态的一致性。
常见问题2: Canada
问题：
Right now you need to _______________ until help comes.
A. still stay B. stay still
C. yet stay D. stay yet
解答:
解析：答案为B。stay可作不及物动词或连系动词，表示“逗留，停留，呆”等含义，后可接形容词作其表语。而此题中still为形容词，表示“静止的，平静的”等含义。
常见问题3: Canada
问题：
--________is _________population of Shanghai now?
--Sorry .I'm not quite sure about it，but I think it has at least ________population of more than fifteen million.
A．What；a；the B．What；the；a
C．How much ;a ;a D．How much；the；the
解答:
导析：population与what连用，表示“有多少人口”，表示“某地的人口”时，population前用冠词the，“a population of+数字”则表示“人口是……”，答案：B
常见问题4: Canada
问题：
The meat in the bowl ______bad because of the hot weather.
A．went B．remained C．felt D．got
解答:
导析：四个选项均为连系动词，go表示由好变坏，remain表示“处于某种状态”，feel意为“摸起来有……感觉，觉得怎么样”，get往往表示一个变化的过程，答案：A
常见问题5: Canada
问题：
This kind of food _____soft and _____well.
A．is felt ;sells B．feels；is sold
C．is felt ;is sold D．feels；sells
解答:
导析：feel是连系动词，没有被动形式，sell well表示“畅销”的意思，其中的sell不能用于被动结构中，但可用于进行时态。答案：D
类似的还有：wash well (耐洗)，wear well(耐穿)，write well (写起来流畅)。例如：Books of this kind are selling well.(这种书很畅销。)
常见问题6: Canada
问题：
This kind of fish can lift its head and throw itself towards ______it wants to go.
A．which B．there C．where D．when
解答:
导析：where引导名词性从句，表地点，作介词towards的宾语。A、B、D选项都与题意不符。答案：C
常见问题7: Canada
问题：
This is the main use that scientists make ______of natural resources.
A．it B．which C．use D．／
解答:
导析：make use of短语中的use为定语从句的先行词，that引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，代替use。答案：D
常见问题8: Canada
问题：
I love to go the seaside in summer .It _______good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.
A．does B．feels C．gets D．makes
解答:
导析：句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea这一不定式短语，good在这里是形容词，意思是“感觉好，舒服”。根据题意，空格处应填系动词feel，表示“让人感到舒服，使人感觉舒服”。答案：B
常见问题9: Canada
问题：
The number of people invited _______fifty ,but a number of them ________absent for different reasons.
A．were；was, B．was；were C．was；was D．were；were
解答:
导析：本题考查主谓一致问题。the number of意为“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数，a number of许多、大量，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。答案：B
常见问题10: Canada
问题：
--Come on in ,Peter .I want to show you something.
--Oh，how nice of you !I _____you _______to bring me a gift.
A．never think；are going B．don't think；were going
C．never thought；were going D．hadn't thought；are going
解答:
导析：答语中两处空格都应用过去时态，除了遵循时态一致的原则外，更主要的是说话人表达的意义(我原来没有想到，你竟会给我带礼物来)。
答案：C
有关"Canada" 的课后练习】
课后练习1：课后练习
一、 主谓一致相似句型精练精析
1 . 1) Five dollars enough .
2) Collecting stamps my hobby .
3) I think physics difficult to learn .
A . are B . is
2 . 1) My trousers as new as yours .
2) A pair of my trousers on the bed .
A . is B . are
3 . 1) A teacher with five students in the classroom .
2) A teacher and five students in the classroom .
A . are B . is
4 . 1) Sixty percent of the students of our school boys .
2) Sixty percent of the building rented(租) to that company .
A . are B . is
5 . 1) The population of this city six million .
2) About 70 percent of the population of our country peasants .
A . is B . are
6 . 1) He is one of the students who been invited .
2) He is the only one of the students who been invited .
A . has B . have
7 . 1) Each of them seen the film .
2) They each seen the film .
3) Each boy and each girl seen the film .
A . has B . have
8 . 1) The teacher and writer going to give us a talk .
2) The teacher and the writer going to give us a talk .
A . is B . are
9 . 1) A number of students playing on the playground .
2) The number of the students in our school about 1500 .
A . is B . are
10. 1) The rest of the money on the desk .
2) The rest of the books on the desk .
答案与精析：
1 . 1)B。表示金钱、时间、距离、重量、度量等名词复数作主语时，看作单数概念，谓语动词用单数。2)B。动名词短语、不定式短语、主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。3) B
2 . 1) B 2) A。trousers , clothes , shoes , glasses 单独作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但若有 a pair of , a piece of 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
3 . 1)B 2)A。单数名词后跟“with (together with , except , but) + 名词”结构时，谓语动词仍用单数。
4 . 1)A 2)B。“percent of + 名词”作主语时，of 后的名词是单数时，谓语用单数；of 后的名词是复数(含集体名词)时，谓语动词用复数。
5 . 1)A 2)B。population 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但和分数、百分数连用时，表示分散的“人口”，谓语动词用复数。
6 . 1)B 2)A。“one of + 名词”引导定语从句时，若 one 前有 the only(very)限定时，定语从句中谓语动词用单数。反之，谓语动词用复数。
7 . 1)A 2)B 3) A。each 作主语时，谓语动词用单数；each 作同位语时，谓语动词用复数。“each …and ; each… ”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
8 . 1)A 2)B。and 连接两个单数名词，名词前只有一个定冠词修饰时，指同一个人，谓语动词应用单数。
9 . 1)B 2)A
10 . 1)A 2)B。“the rest of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于 of 后名词的单复数。of 后若为集体名词时，谓语动词也用复数。
二、 主谓一致比较选择15题
1 . a) The writer and the teacher to attend the meeting .
b) The writer and teacher to give us a talk on American history .
A. is B. are C. will D. be
2 . a) The boy and girl interested in English .
b) Each boy and girl interested in English .
A . is B . are C . be D . 不填
3 . a) Each of us hard now .
b) We each hard now .
A . working B . worked C . is working D . are working
4 . a) Our family a large one .
b) Our family all interested in the film .
A . is B . are C . will D . be
5 . a) The trousers your brother's .
b) This pair of trousers your brother's .
A . is B . are C . am D . be
6 . a) Aday or two passed .
b) One or two days passed .
A . is B . are C . has D . have
7 . a) You a good comrade .
b) “You” a pronoun .
A . is B . are C . be D . was
8 . a) Your shoes are black , mine red .