Merry Christmas!
【单元知识纲要】
1.词汇
angel, stocking, pet, chimney, fireplace, generosity, relative, hug, owner, barn, shepherd, decorate, circle, base, hang, dry, greet, merry, kind - hearted
2.词组
cut down, put up, at the top of, sound like, for fun, as well, base on, even though, live on, at last, once upon a time, according to, give birth to
3.内容简介
关于圣诞节的介绍：
1） In Western countries the most important holiday is Christmas.
2） Christmas is one of the festivals of the Christian religion.
4.语法
have/ has been to 表示曾经“去过某地”或询问“是否去过某地”，但是“现在已经回来”，have /has gone to 去了某地(现在没有回来)
5.句型
She’s ever been to England once.
He isn’t here. He has gone to England.
核心知识
名词：angel，eve，stocking，pet，chimney，Turkey，fireplace，generosity， relative, hug, owner, barn, shepherd；
动词： decorate, circle, base, hang, dry, greet;
形容词：merry, kind – hearted, single, real, shy, western, traditional, special;
词组：cut down，put up，at the top of，sound like，for fun，as well，base on， even though， live on， can’t wait to， the Spring Festival， at last， once upon a time，according to, give birth to.
1.动词不定式 The Infinitive( Ⅱ)
(1)不定式和疑问词连用
疑问代词 who，what，which和疑问副词when，where，how，why + 动词不定式，例如：
Mr. Li will teach us how to use a computer.
李老师将教我们如何使用电脑.
“疑问词 + 不定式”结构通常用于下列动词之后： tell，teach，know，wonder， learn， show， find out， ask， understand等.
(2)动词不定式作状语
①动词不定式在形容词后(如 glad，sorry，pleased等)作原因状语，例如：
I’m glad to meet you.见到你我很高兴.
②动词不定式在enough to，too…to结构中作结果状语，例如：
He’s old enough to work.他年龄够了，可以上班
He’s too old to work.他太老了，不能上班.
2. I’ve never been out of China before.我以前从未出(中)国.
out of在…范围之外 look out of 向…外看.
例：Don’t look out of the window不要向窗外看.
3.To he here at Christmas time is a dream that has come true.在这过圣诞节由梦想已成为现实。
①To be here at Christmas time是动词不定式用作主语.
②that has come true作定语，修饰dream.
4. I mean we have to put up the lights and Christmas balls.我的意思是我们必须把圣诞灯和球挂在树上.
A. have to必须，客观条件迫使某人不得不去做某事.
I have to go to school now.我现在必须去上学了.
B. put up搭起，举起，挂起，例如：
They put up a tent before the sun went down.他们在太阳下山之前搭起帐篷.
If you can answer this question， put up your hands.
如果你们能回答这个问题，请举手.
Wei Fang take down the picture， and put up a map of China.
魏芳取下画，贴上一幅中国地图.
5. That sounds like fun.那听起来很有趣。
①sound(like) + 表语 听起来
Your idea sounds like a good one.你的想法听起来不错.
②fun有趣的事 for fun开玩笑地，为了高兴，例如：
I only did it for fun.我做这件事是好玩.
6. On Christmas Eve – the night before Christmas Day – children put a stocking at the end of their beds before they go to sleep.
在圣诞除夕--圣诞节前的那天晚上--孩子们在他们睡觉前都把一只长统袜放在他们的床尾.
①stocking长统袜 区别sock短袜
②at the end of在…末端(终点)例如：
we’11 hold a sports meeting at the end of this month.
我们将在这个月底举行运动会.
7.Father Christmas is very kind－hearted.圣诞老人心肠很好
①Father Christmas圣诞老人(英国说法)是一个白胡子，穿红色外衣，笑容满面的老人.
②kind－ hearted好心的，类似结构有： hard - hearted铁石心肠的
8.He lands on top of each house all over the world and climbs down the chimney.他降落在世界上每一家的房顶，顺着烟囱爬下来.
①all over在整个……，遍及……，相当于 throughout.例如：
We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下.
②on top of在……上面 at the top of最高处，在顶端.例如：
I put my bag on the top of the bookshelf.我把我的书包放在书架顶上.
We also put an angel at the top of the tree.我们也把一个小天使放在树的顶端.
9.He fills the stockings with Christmas presents.
Fill sth. with sth. 用……装满……，装满……如：
He filled the basket with some eggs. 他在篮子里装满鸡蛋.
10. Father Christmas is based on a real person in history.
圣诞老人源于历史上一个真实的人.
①base on 以……(为)根据
② real 真的，真实的，强调人或事物客观存在.
true真的，真实的，强调与事实相符，即主观上的“真”、“正确”如：
Do you think that is true? 你认为那是真的吗？
I’m learning to skate on the real ice.我正在真正的冰上滑冰.
11. It went into a stocking that a little girl hung by the fireplace to dry.
它(钱)掉进一个小女孩晾在壁炉旁的一只长统袜中.
That a little girl hung by the fireplace to dry作定语修饰stocking.
12. They make up the other family members, calling “Merry Christmas”
A. calling在句中的语法用法为动词ing 形式作状语，表示伴随状态.
B. Merry Christmas.圣诞快乐，类似的用法还有Happy New Year.
13. They spend the day playing with the new toys and visiting their relative and friends.在圣诞节，他们玩新玩具，走亲访友.
①spend… (in) doing在…花费时间(钱) spend … on sth.例如：
She spend two hours on this book.
She spend two hours(in) reading this book.
她花两小时看这本书.
②play with 玩耍… 例如：
Don’t play with fire.不要玩火.
14. They greet each other with a hug.他们拥抱着互相祝福.
①each other互相、彼此，是相互代词，用来指两者或两者以上之间的彼此关系，一般作宾语，有时用其所有格作定语.例如：
We should help each other. 我们应当互相帮助.
They put small presents in each other’s stocking.
他们把小礼物放在彼此的袜子里.
②with a hug with这里表示行动的方式，意思是“…地”，“以…”
典型例题
1.Some people even put up stocking for their pets as well.
一些人甚至为他们的宠物也准备长统袜.
解析 as well也， 又，同样，同义词 too, also, 用于肯定句句尾，例如：
He is a teacher, but he is a doctor as well.
他是老师，而且又是医生.
2. There once was a man named Saint Nicholas.
从前有个叫圣尼古拉斯的人.
解析 named 叫做 例如：
I know a man named ZhouJian
3. Even though Father Christmas is no longer living, his spirit of generosity lives on today. 即使圣诞老人不在了，但他慷慨的精神永存.
解析 ①even though, 即使, 纵然, 例如:
I’ll help you, even though I don’t sleep for a night.
即使我一夜不睡,也要帮助你.
② no longer (= not… any longer) 一般与持续性动词连用,强调动作或状态的不再延续.
例如:He no longer lives here(= He doesn’t live here any longer)
他不再住这儿.
no more (= not …any more)多与终止性动词连用,指该动作不再重复发生.例如:
He will come to see me no more (= He will not come to see me any more)
他再也不来看我了
no more也可作形容词修饰名词，表示“没有更多”的意思.例如：
There is no more bread.没有面包了
③live on继续存在，继续活着，例如：
Comrade LeiFeng is dead, but his spirit lives on.
虽然雷锋去世了，但他的精神永存.
4.Children wake up very early, and can’t wait to open the presents in their stocking.孩子们醒得很早，迫不及待地打开袜子里的礼物.
解析 ① sb. + wake up. 某人醒来.例如：
I woke up, and found a bird singing in the tree.
我醒来，发现一只小鸟在树上唱歌.
wake up + sb. 唤醒某人 例如：
He needs somebody to wake him up in the morning.
早上他需要人叫醒他.
②can’ t wait to迫不及待，例如：
The children can’t wait to watch TV.
孩子们迫不及待地看电视.
5.In western counties the most important holiday is Christmas, but in China it is the Spring Festival.
在西方国家最重要的节日是圣诞节，但在中国是春节.
解析 ①holiday指风俗习惯，法律规定或为了纪念某件事情的节日，规定停止工作一天或更长时间的节假日.例如：
Sunday is a holiday星期天是假日.
②festival一般指具有悠久历史传统的节日，其特点为同欢共乐，如我国的春节中秋节，欧美国家的圣诞节等.例如：
Christmas in one of the festivals of the Christian religion.
圣诞节是基督教的节日之一.
6. He’s gone to England with Jim’s family. 他和吉姆家里人到英国去了.
解析 have/ has been to曾经去过(现已回来)包括说明“未去过某地”或询问“是否去过某地”； have /has gone to 去了某地(现来回来)例如：
①She’s ever been to England once她曾经到过英国一次.
②Have you ever been to Guilin？你曾经到过桂林吗？
③I’ve never been to Beijing. 我从没到过北京.
④He isn’t here. He has gone to England.他不在这儿，他到英国去了.
7.阅读分析
Do you like Christmas Day? In most countries it is the most important day in the year. All the people come back to their homes to have the day with their parents or their children.
On Christmas Day bells ring everywhere. The ringing bells tell people. Christmas is coming, people sing and dance day and night. They have a good time.
Most families buy a Christmas tree for their children. And there are presents hanging from the tree here and there. People also put presents in their children’s stockings. In many places father Christmas himself brings presents to them. He is a kind old man. He is in red clothes, a big bag on his back. In the bag there are a lot of presents.
Christmas is also a day when people enjoy all kinds of food. But some poor people have no homes to go back to and have no food to eat. They even die of (死于) cold and hunger(饥饿) on Christmas Day. Have you read the story “A Little Match(火柴) Girl”？ She died on the morning of Christmas Day.
根据短文判断下列句子正(T)误(F).
1.Christmas Day is a Children’s Day.
2.People usually plant Christmas trees in their gardens.
3.Children like Father Christmas because he brings them beautiful things.
4.Some poor people don’t have homes to go back to and don’t have food to eat on that day.
5.“A Little Match Girl” was born on the morning of Christmas Day.
(答案： F F T T F )
8.Lucy the Great Wall twice, and now she still to go there.
A. went to； wanted B. goes to， wants
C. has gone to；wants D. has been to；wants
解析 have been(to)表示去过某地，人已返回； have gone(to)表示已去某地，人未返回，答案为D.
9.Mr Smith here since the factory opened.
A. has gone B. has come
C. has been D. has arrived
解析 表面上容易误认为是考查 has been， has gone和 has come的区别，实际上是考查在现在完成时态里，与一段时间连用时，用延续动词代替瞬间动词，选C.
10.Mike is learning a computer.
A. how can to use B. how to use
C. how he use D. how does he
解析 这里动词不定式和疑问词how连用，在句中作宾语，答案是B.
11.Let’s play with football after school.
解析 “踢足球”中的踢用动词play，此时的play是及物动词, 后不需跟介词.play with…意为“玩耍……”如“玩球”为play with a ball.
改正：Let’s play football after school.
12.Don’t wake up him.
解析 wake up后带宾语意为“弄醒/ 唤醒……”后面的宾语若是代词必须放在 wake与up之间. 若是名词既可放在wake与up之间，也可放在up的后面.
改正：Don’t wake him up.
【关于“Unit 8 Merry Christmas!”的常见问题】
常见问题1: Merry Christmas!1
问题：
请选择正确答案
( )1. Don’t make a noise here, ?
A. shall we B. do you C. will you D. don’t you
( )2.Jim says he is working hard his Chinese.
A. on B. for C. to D. with
( )3.Please cover the Christmas tree lights.
A. for B. with C. on D. over
( )4.Please give my best wishes everybody.
A. for B. to C. on D. with
( )5. Has he been there before？
A. never B. already C. ever D. just
解答:
l－5，CABBC
常见问题2: Merry Christmas!2
问题：
完成句子
1.He will stay with us until next Tuesday.
He until next Tuesday.
2.It took him two hours to do the operation.
He two hours the operation.
3.She hasn’t returned yet.
She England.
4. Please tell me where the hospital is.
me， the hospital.
5.When does the ship leave？ Do you know?
Do you know when .
解答:
1.won’t leave 2.spent，on(doing) 3. has gone to 4.Excuse， where’s 5. the ship leaves.
常见问题3: Merry Christmas 3
问题：
--_____________has he been there ? For about three months .
A．How often B．How soon C．How long D．How far
解答:
分析此题前三个词组都用来询问时间，但意义不相同。How often指动作发生的频率，即每多少时间进行一次，与一般现代时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是once a week，every two days等这样的短语；How soon指还要多久将发生某个动作或达到某种状态，与一般将来时连用，回答一般是介词in加表示时间段的名词，如in two hours，in an hour等；How long指某个动作或状态持续了多久，与持续性动词的一般现在时或完成时连用，回答一般是for two hours，for a year等表示时间段的名词；how far指距离，问有多远。
答案C
注意！词组之间有差别。
常见问题4: Merry Christmas 4
问题：
It’s important for us to learn new things everyday
A B C D
解答:
分析此句It为形式主语，不定式作真正主语，后置。错误之处在于everyday与every day相混。everyday为形容词，作定语，修饰名词；而every day为名词短语，作时间状语，修饰谓语。
答案D
常见问题5: Merry Christmas 5
问题：
Christmas Day is the birthday of Jesus Christ.
此句的意思是：Christmas Day is birthday .
解答:
分析 此句重在考查名词所有格，即the birthday of sb=sb’s birthday。名词所有格是考试中的考点之一，应熟练掌握。
答案Jesus Christ’ s