何堪美
（1） --- 基本概念、难点和易错点 状语从句的难点在于对较为复杂的连接词的理解。 1. 时间状语从句 时间状语从句的连接词较为复杂，尤其要注意某些关联词之间的区别。 连接词: when; whenever; as; while; until; once; as soon as; before; after; since; ever since; … 例句： * I’ll tell him when /as soon as /after he comes back. *Boards are laid down to protect the stones while the repair work is going on. (while此时强调在…期间。) *As he spoke two men came down the garden path. (As此时强调时间状语从句的动作与主句动作同时发生。) *He was about to leave when the telephone rang. （when此时强调时间的一点。） * Three months passed before I realized it. * It’ll be years before we can see each other again. （以上两句中的before基本含义是“在… 之前”，但在中文表达上却要有十分灵活的译法, 如第一句译为“不知不觉三个月过去了。第二句译为 “我们要过好多年才能再见。） * I have been writing a play ever since / since I came over. (ever since 是since 的强调形式，意为“自从… 起至今”，since/ever since 引导的从句动词用一般过去时，主句动词用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。) * Once you begin you couldn’t stop. （once 意为“一旦”，= from the moment that ） * Whenever he stayed home in the evening he went to bed early. (这里需注意whenever与 when的区别。whenever = any time when,指多次。when则指某一次如：When he stayed home last Sunday evening, he went to bed early.) * He didn’t leave until I came back ( not… until意为“直到……才”全句译为“他直到我回来才走。”上面的句子还可以用另种方式表达He stayed until I came back.可以看出didn’t leave = stayed, until是指主句的动作直延续until后的动作发生为止 练习（练习答案在本单元结束时给出。） 1. She comes to talk to me ___ she feels lonely 2. ____ you object to （反对）a man, everything he does is wrong。 3. We haven’t seen each other _____we saw last。 4. I never ______ yesterday spoke of it to anyone. 5. I will be kind to him _____ you are away. 6. I will tell him about it ___ he comes back. 7. It was a long time ___ I got to sleep again. 8. It won’t be long ___ you’ll have to recycle your rubbish. ２．地点状语从句 连接词 where, wherever 地点状语从句的连接词较为简单wherever = any where 练习： 1. Wuhan lies ___ the Changjiang and Han River meet. 2. ______ I live there are plenty of sheep. 3. _____ I am I will be thinking of you. 4. They went ______ they could find work. ３．原因状语从句 连接词 because; as; since; now that（既然）; for 例句：
*He didn’t go to school because his mother was ill. （because从句表主句动作发生的直接原因，常常位于主句后.） *Since /Now that/ As you can’t answer the question, perhaps we’d better ask someone else. （since, as, no that意为“既然”，它们表原因的口气较because弱，它们引导的从句常常位于主句之前。） * It must be 6 o’clock in the morning, for the birds are singing. （显然for引导的从句the birds are singing决不是It must be 6 o’clock的直接原因，而是表说话人在主句中表达的推测的根据. 练习： 1. _______ everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting。 2. I do it _____I like it. 3. He must have realized my surprise, ______ he smiled as he repaired my shoes. 4. He must have arrived in Shanghai, _____ he left two days ago. 4.条件状语从句 连接词： if; unless ; as (so) long as (只要)；suppose ( 假设); on condition that (条件是); … 例句： * You’ll be late unless you hurry. * You’ll be late if you don’t hurry. (可以看出 unless = if … not ) * As (So) long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to solve the problem. ( as (so) long as 意为 “只要… 就…”) * Suppose we can’t get the necessary equipment, what shall we do? (suppose 意为 “万一” “假设”) * We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy. (on condition that在此句中可译为“如果”，但其实际含义为“以…为条件”。) 练习： 1. I am happy _______ you are happy. 2. _______ your father saw you what would he say? 3. He was allowed to go swimming _____ he kept near the other boys. 练习答案： 时间状语从句 1. whenever 2. Once 3. since / ever since 4. until 5. while 6. when / after/ as soon as 7. before 8. before 地点状语从句
状语从句复习（2）
--- 基本概念、难点和易错点
5. 目的状语从句
连接词：
in order that; so that; that; in case (以免)； for fear that (唯恐)；…
例句：
*Let’s hurry so that / in order that / that we can catch the early bus.
(so that = in order that, that 是so that 的省略形式)
* We all seemed afraid to say what was in our minds, for fear that it might start trouble.
(显然, for fear that 与上句中的关联词含义正好相反,表达“担心”或“不愿发生”的结果。)
* Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
（in case 意为 “以防万一”）
练习：
1. I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some _____.
2. He is working hard ______ he should fall behind.
3. We sent the letter by air mail _______ it might reach them in good time.
6. 结果状语从句
连接词：
so… that; such… that; so that; that; so;…
例句：
* We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
* He was so excited that he could hardly go to sleep.
* He didn’t plan the time well, so that (so) he didn’t finish the work on time.
* What has happened that you all look so excited?
( so that 既可引导目的状语从句又可引导结果状语从句, 一般讲,表目的状语从句中有may, might, can, could 出现, 如: We sent the letter by air mail so that it might reach them in good time. 另外, 表结果时, 还可用 that或so, 它们相当于 so that.)
练习：
1. He got up late _____ he missed the early bus.
2. This is ______ a good film _____ everybody wants to see it.
7. 让步状语从句
连接词：
though (although); 虽然
even if (even though); 即使;即便
no matter(who/ what/ where/ …); 无论谁 (什么, 哪 …)
( = whoever; whatever, wherever, …)
例句：
* Although/ though I tried several times, I failed in the end.
* Even if he comes here, he won’t help us.
* However much I tried, I failed to work it out.
* No matter where he goes, he is always ready to help others.
练习：
1. We’ll try to finish the work in time ____ we are short of manpower.
2. You mustn’t be conceited (骄傲)______ you’ve achieved great success.
3. Do what you think is right ______ difficulties you may have.
练习答案:
目的状语从句
1. in case 2. for fear that 3. so that / that / in order that
结果状语从句
1. so that / so / that 2. such … that
让步状语从句
1. though; although / even if; even though
( though; although 表示我们缺人手; 虽然缺, 也要尽力完成工作. ; even if; even though 则表示我们不一定缺人手, 即便缺,也要…)
2. though; although / even if; even though (区别同上)
3. whatever / no matter what
状语从句复习（3）
--- 基本概念检测
I. 单项选择
1. _____ Mary is grown up, it doesn’t mean that she can do whatever she likes.
A. Because B. After C. Though D. Since
2. You had better go home and feed the cat ______ it decides to bite the furniture.
A. until B. before C. after D. when
3. Let’s begin our class ______ everybody is here.
A. although B. until C. even if D. now that
4. He was about to leave _______ I got there.
A. until B. when C. before D. as soon as
5. _____ days went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. While D. As
6. I will start to work ______ I am given enough money.
A. unless B. though C. as long as D. even if
7. He never thought that his success came ______ he least wanted it.
A. while B. until C. since D. when
8. It will not be long _______ we meet again.
A. before B. soon C. since D. after
9. You are going to miss the bus ______ you hurry.
A. even B. if C. how D. unless
10. ______ reason, you should not have refused his invitation.
A. However B. What C. Whatever D. No matter
11. You may leave the classroom when you ____ writing.
A. will finish B. are finishing C. have finished D. had finished
12. ________, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
13. She was ill, ______ she didn’t come to school this morning.
A. since B. because C. as D. for
14. Write clearly ______ your teacher can understand you correctly.
A. since B. for C. because D. so that
15. Why do you want a new job _______ you’ve got such a good one already?
A. that B. where C. which D. when
16. You should make it a rule to leave things ______ you can find them again.
A. when B. where C. then D. there
17. ________ he comes, we won’t be able to go.
A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even
18. --- What was the party like?
--- Wonderful. It was years _______ I had enjoyed myself so much.
A. after B. when C. before D. since
19. John plays football _____, if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
20. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _____ Father was away in France.
A. as B. that C. during D. if
21. --- I’m going to the post office.
--- _______ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?
A. As B. While C. Because D. If
22. The WTO cannot live up to its name _______ it does not include a country that is
home to one fifth of mankind.
A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though
23. --- I got ________ I am by hard work.
--- No, you didn’t. You got ________ with your father’s money.
A. there; where B. where; there C. there; there D. where; where
24. ______ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as
25. I ________ to bed until father came back.
A. went B. hadn’t gone C. didn’t go D. would go
26. I don’t think she’ll be upset, but I’ll see her ________ she is.
A. unless B. in case C. if D. although
27. ________ I live, I will work for my country.
A. So far B. So long as C. If D. While
28. Most plants need sunlight just _______ they need water.
A. because B. when C. as D. for
29. ________ you are willing to bring your camera, we could still take some pictures.
A. Although B. Because C. No matter how D. Whether or not
30. _______ I tried, I couldn’t fill the pen with ink.
A. Whatever B. However C. When D. Whenever
答案:
1---5 CBDBD 6---10 CDADC 11---15 CDDDD
16---20 DBDBA 21---25 BCBAC 26---30 BBCDB
注释:
No. 5 : as 意为 “随着”
No. 7: when 指时间的 “一点”, 此句指 “他在最不抱希望的那一刻获得了成功.”
No. 11 : 状语从句中的动作如发生在将来,时态要用一般现在时, 如强调动作的
结果, 可用现在完成时。
No. 12: 注意，所有从句都要用陈述语序，另外，however 与late 不可分。
No. 13: She was ill, 实际是说话人的一种推测，即：She must have been ill.
No. 15:job 后非定语从句，故A和C都是错误的，全句意为“当（时间的一点）
你已经得到这么好的工作的时候，干吗还要再找新的工作呢？”
No. 19:as well as 引导的是比较状语从句。全句意为“ John踢足球如果不比David
好，至少也和他一样好。
No. 21:对话第一句表明对话前者已决定去邮局，故D错；另外去邮局和帮买邮
票也不存在因果关系，故C错；while 此时强调“在… 期间”。
No.24: 全句意为“既然(now that)你能得到这样一个机会，你也完全可以充分利
用它。
No. 28: as 意为“正如”。
No. 29: we could still take some pictures 意为“我们仍旧可以照相”，由此判定从
句意为“无论你愿不愿意带相机”， 故D为正确选项。
由以上分析可以看出，状语从句连接词的确定主要取决于句子的含义，在有上下文时，更要注意上下文的提示作用；而正确理解状语从句的含义，对于理解结构复杂的文章则起着至关重要的作用。
1. where 2. Where 3. Wherever 4. where 或