中考英语名词复习 教案教学设计(人教版英语中考复习)

发布时间:2016-6-9 编辑:互联网 手机版

【基础知识网络总结与巩固】

复习中考对于名词的考查侧重点

1 可数名词的复数 2 不可数名词的量 3 名词所有格的用法

4名词的句法作用 5 词义辨析 6 名词与主谓一致

考查形式主要有:单项选择、完形填空、选词填空、书面表达等题型

考点一.单数和复数

1 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下:

(1)一般情况在词尾加-s,例如:book→books,girl→girls,boy→boys,pen -pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。

(2) 以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:bus→buses,class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes。

(3)以ce, se, ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,例如:orange-oranges。

(4)以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如:city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boy→boys, day→days。

(5)以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如:zoo→zoos,radio→radios,还有某些外来词也只加-s,例如:photo→photos,piano→pianos。

(6) 以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves, half→halves。

(7)少数名词有不规则的复数形式,例如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice。

【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如:an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans;man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:men workers, women teachers。

有个别名词单复数一样,例如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾。

(8)单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people, police等。

(9)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。例如:ten-minutes’ walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。

(10)还有些名词仅有复数形式,如:trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes,scissors,compasses。

(11)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有:

科学名词:physics, mathematics/maths

游戏名称:bowls

专有名词:the United States, Niagara Falls

其他名词:news, falls

2.不可数名词“量”的表示方法

在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法:

(1)用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少,例如:

The rich man has a lot of money.

There is some milk in the bottle.

Is there any water in the glass?

I don‘t like winter because there’s too much snow and ice.

(2)用a piece of 这类定语,例如:

a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread

a bottle of orange a glass of water(milk) a cup of tea

a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice

如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如:

two cups of tea

four pieces of paper

three glasses of water

不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。

考点二 名词的所有格

名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。

1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 ‘s,其复数形式是s’,例如:a student‘s room, students’ rooms, father‘s shoes。

2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 ’s,如:Children‘s Day。

3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 ’s,例如:a twenty minutes‘ walk,ten miles’ journey,a boat‘s length,two pounds’ weight, ten dollars‘ worth。

4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,例如:a map of China,the end of this term,the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。

5. 双重所有格,例如:a friend of my father’s。

【注意】

如果两个名词并列,并且分别有 ‘s,则表示“分别有”,例如:John’s and Mary‘s rooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Tom’s and Mary‘s bikes(两人各自的自行车)。

两个名词并列,只有一个’s,则表示“共有”,例如:John and Mary‘s room(约翰和玛丽共有一间);Tom and Mary’s mother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。

【重难点例题启发与方法总结】

1. We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?

A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe

答案:C

句意:我们需要更多的土豆。你能带过来一些吗?

解析:potato 土豆是可数名词。因为有some修饰所以potato要用复数形式。以辅音+o结尾的名词后面要+es。所以C. potatoes是正确答案。

2. What big____ the tiger has!

A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes

答案:B

句意:老虎长着多么大、多么锋利的牙齿呀!

解析:牙齿tooth的复数形式是teeth

3. Please remember to give the horse some tree___.

A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave

答案:B 句意:请记得喂马一些树叶。

解析:树叶leaf是以f结尾的,所以它的复数形式是变f为v,再加es

4.These _________ have saved many children’s lives.

A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor

答案:C。该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。

5. This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.

A. Anne and Jane B. Anne’s and Jane’s C. Anne’s and Jane D. Anne and Jane’s

答案:D。该题考查的是并列名词的所有格。两人共有一个房间时,只在后面的名词后加’s。

【重难点关联练习巩固与方法总结】

直击中考

1.--- Where have you been, Tim?

--- I’ve been to ______.

A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. the Henry’s home D. Henry’s

2.In England, if ____ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.

A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner

3.You looked for it twice, but you haven’t found it. Why not try ____ 。

A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once

4.--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?

--- Certainly.

A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters

5.Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday.

A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear

6.There is some _______ on the plate.

A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears

7.The are going to fly _______ to Beijing.

A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans

8.What’s your _______ for being late again?

A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news