英语倒装句
英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序，按“主语+ 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语（ 或谓语一部分）+主语”，就是倒装。
之所以出现倒装，一方面是因为语法结构的需要，另一方面为了强调，有时两种原因兼有之。
倒装分为两种：一是完全倒装，即整个谓语完全被置到主语之前；二是部分倒装，通常是将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。
部分倒装
部分倒装就是将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。如果句子中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。即…+助/情态动词/do的形式/has的形式+主+谓语动词+其它。
(一). only所修饰的副词，介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要用：
only+ 状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他
Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.
Only in this way can you make progress in your English.
Only through education can we rise in the world.
注意：only修饰主语时，不需要倒装。
1. Only in this way ________to make improvement in the operating system.
A. you can hope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hope
2．Among all the people, only you know the truth.
(二).含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时。如：never, little, seldom, not, not only, not until, no sooner (…than), hardly (…when), rarely, scarcely, in no way等。
We seldom get up at four in the morning.
= Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.
Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing.
(1) hardly…when; scarcely…when…; no sooner…than…
Hardly had + 主语+ done when… did 句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。
The bell hardly had rung when the class began. = Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.
No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.
(2) not only… but also 如连接两个成分时，不用倒装；连接句子时， 前面的句子要用倒装。
Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
Not only is he busy, but also I have a lot of work to do.
Not only does he speak English very well, but also he speaks French well.
1．I finally got the work I dreamed about. Never in all my life________ so happy!
A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
2．Not until I began to work ________how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realized
3．No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
(三).在so…that, such…that句型中，若把so, such引导的结构放在句首时。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
So difficult _____it to live in an English-speaking country that I was determined to learn English well.
A. I've felt B have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel
(四).把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物。
I like reading English, so does he.
(五).把neither, nor放在句首，表示前面的否定内容也适用于另一个人或物。
If you won't go, neither will I.
-I don't think I can walk any further.
-________, let's stop here for a rest.
A. Neither and I B. Neither can I C. I don't think so D. I think so
(六)用于形容词/副词/名词/动词+as (though)引导的让步状语从句中。
注意：当表语为名词时，则名词前不加任何冠词；主谓并不倒装。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
8．________, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.
A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so much
C. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much
(七).由however, no matter how引导的让步状语从句中，把however+形容词/副词，no matter how+形容词/副词放在句首时。
9．________, mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
5 always \ often \ particularly \ many times \ many a time放在句首时，句子进行部分倒装。
Always am I amazed when I hear people saying that computers can replace teachers.
二、全部倒装
就是把整个谓语部分放在主语之前。注意：谓语动词的数要与后面的主语保持一致。常见于几种情况：
(一).用于地点副词here, there,方位副词out, in, up, down及时间副词now, then等开头的句子里，以示强调。
There goes the bell.
Look! Here they come.
这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。
Here it is.
Away he went.
Here we go
这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。
Here comes the bus.
Out rushed the boys.
(二).当表示地点的介词短语放句首时。注意：谓语多为be, lie, sit, stand, come, walk等不及物动词；倒装时不需要助动词。
Under the table are three white cats.
In front of the tower flews a stream.
10．Under a big tree ________, half asleep.
A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat
C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man
(三)there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。
在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。
There came shouts for help from the river.
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.
(四).表语置于句首时，倒装结构为"表语+系动词+主语"。
(1)形容词+系动词+主语
Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster.
(2)过去分词+系动词+主语
Hidden behind the door were some naughty children.
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.
(3)介词短语+系动词+主语
In front of the playground is a newly-built house.
(五).有时由于主语较长，谓语很短，为保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。
They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.
(六).在一些表示祝愿的句子里。
Long live the Communist Party of China!
May you all be happy.
CLASS EXERCISE
1. Look,________.
A. here the bus comes B. here is the bus coning
C. here comes the bus D. here the bus is co
2-Where is Kate? -Look，_______, she is at the school gate.
A. there she is B. there is she C. here you are D. here it is
3. Which of the following sentences is correct?
A. In the teacher came B. In did come the teacher
C. In did the teacher come D. In came the teacher
4. Out _____, with a stick in his hand.
A. did he rush
B. rushed he
C. he rushed
D. he did rush
5. _______, he is honest.
A. As he is poor B. Poor is he
C. Poor as he is D. Poor as is he
6. ________, he knows a lot of things.
A. A child as he is B. Child as he is C. A child as is he D. Child as is he
7. _____, you can’t lift yourself up.
A. Even you’re strong B. Strong as you are
C. How strong you are D. In spite you’re strong
8. So carelessly ________that he almost killed himself.
A. he drives B. he drove C. does he drive D. did he drive
9. Early in the day ____the news _____the enemy were gone.
A. come; that B. came; that
C. comes; that D. came; what
10. Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages_____ them well.
A. you can learn B. can you learn C. you learned D. did you learn
11. Only after liberation _____ to be treated as human beings.
did they begin B. they had begun C. they did begin D. had they begun
12. Not only ____ to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to see his friends.
A. he was forcing B. he was forced C. was he forcing D. was he forced
13. Not until his father was out of prison____ to school.
A. can John go B. John can go C. could John go D. John could go
14. Never before _____ seen such a stupid man.
A. am I B. was I C. have I D. shall I
15. Rarely ____such a silly thing.
A. have I heard of B. I have heard of C. am I heard of D. had I heard of
16. Little _____ about his own health though he was very ill.
A. he cared B. did he care C. does he care D. he cares
17. Only when _____ in the afternoon _____ able to leave.
A. the match was over; they were B. was the match over; were they
C. was the match over; they were D. the match was over; were they
18. Hardly ____ down ____ he stepped in.
A. had I sat; than B. I had sat; when C. had I sat; then D. had I sat; when
19. No sooner _____asleep than she heard a knock at the door.
A. she had fallen B. had she fallen C. she had fell D. had she fell
20. She did not see Smith. ________.
A. Neither did I B. Nor didn’t I C. Neither I did D. So didn’t I