Module 8 Unit 1 The Written Word
1. classic ①adj.经典的/典型的(≈typical)：a classic book；the classic symtoms of a cold ②adj.古典的(≈classical)：★classic/classical literature；★classic music (×)→classical music (√) ③n./c/ 经典作品/古典作品/古典文学家/古典艺术家 →classical adj.古典的
2. antique ①adj.古时的/古式的 ②n./c/古董≈curiosity n.①/u/好奇心/求知欲 ②/c/古玩 →★curious adj.①好奇的：be curious about sth；be curious to do sth；be curious wh-clause ②奇怪的：It’s curious/strange that-clause
3. literature n./u/文学；culture n.文化；civilisation n.文明 →literary adj.：literary works文学作品；literary review文学评论
4. ★receive vt.①接到/收到≠accept接受 ②受到/接受：receive one’s thanks；receive a good education；receive a warm welcome；receive (a) punishment ③接纳/承认/同意：be well received ④迎接/招待：be warmly received ⑤容纳/承受；收听/收看
5. ★be well received；be well loved；be well(-)known；be well(-)prepared；be well worth doing
6. (un)wise adj.：It’s (un)wise of sb to do sth →wisdom n./u/：a man of wisdom智者
7. gather dust；Dust gathered/accumulated on the desk..→dusty/dustbin →dirt/dirty
8. ★release ①vt.(束缚中)解放/解脱/释放；免除/解除(义务)：release sb/sth from sth/sw eg. He released the bird from the cage. He was released from prison. ②vt.放出/解开/松开/发射/投掷：release the rope/brake ③发行/放映/发表(唱片/电影/书等) ④n./u/意思同①②③
9. ★adopt vt.①收养/领养 ②采纳/采用→adjust①vt.调整/调节/校正(A来配合B)：adjust A (to B) ②vt/vi. (使)适应：adjust (onesefl) to →adapt①vt.改造/修改/改编/改写(为…用)：adapt A (for B) ②vt/vi.(使)适应/适合：adapt (A/oneself) to B →adaptation n.①/u/适应/适合 ②/u/改造/改编 ③/c/改编/改写的作品：an adaptation of a novel for television
10. ★work ①n./u/工作/劳动：hard work ②n.(用pl./单复数同形)作品/著作：the complete/selected works of Lu Xun全集/选集 ③n.工厂(用pl./单复数同形)：a gas works →at work；go to work；in work/out of work 有工作/失业 ④vi.工作/上班：work hard；work on/at/in/for…⑤vt/vi.(使)运转/运作≈operate/function ⑥vi.进行顺利/起作用 ⑦vt.经营/解决 →work on；work out
11. chapter n.章节回≈section n.章节/段落；地区/区域/部分；Paragraph 1=the first paragraph
12. ★harm ①n./vt.伤害/损害：I meant no harm.；There is no harm in calling him.；do harm to…=do … hram ②n.邪恶/恶行≈vice/crime →be harmful/harmless to…
13. ★simple adj.①简单/易懂的 ②朴素/简朴的 ③纯真/单纯的 ④坦率/率直的 ⑤愚蠢/迟钝的 ⑥完全/纯粹的 →simply adv.①单单/仅仅/只=only eg. He studies so many foreign langauges simply for pleasure. ②简单/易懂地 ③朴素/质朴地 ④完全/绝对 eg. I simply can’t accept your apology. →simplify vt /simplification n.简化 →live a simple life=live simply
14. ★uncertain adj.①不确实的/不确信的：be uncertain of/about…；be uncertain wh- ②易变的/不可靠的：uncertain weather；a woman with an uncertain temper →uncertainty n.①/u/不确定/不确信/不稳定/易变：★There be (some) uncertainty about…；the uncertainty of the weather ②/c/不确定/不稳定的事物(常用pl.)：the uncertainties of life 人生无常
15. tense ①n.时态 ②v.(使)绷紧/拉紧 ③adj.(神经/感情/绳索/肌肉等)紧张的/拉紧的/绷紧的→tension n.①/u/(绳/精神上等的)紧张/拉紧 ②/u/c/紧张的状态/局势：racial tensions；international tension；★the tension between…and…
16. twist ①n./c/u/扭转/弯曲：a twist in the plot情节的曲折 ②vt/vi缠绕/弯曲/旋转/曲解/转身/折行：twist…into a rope搓成绳子；twist/wrap A around/round B把A缠绕在B上；twist one’s arm反扭手臂
17. generous adj.慷慨/豁达的：be generous to sb/with money；It’s generous of sb to do sth →generosity(无u) n.：show generosity to sb →be mean with money吝啬/小气；It be mean of sb to do sth卑鄙/刻薄
18. ★fortune n.①/u/运气/幸运/命运：by good/bad fortune幸好/不幸；have fortune to do sth；seek /try one’s fortune找出路/碰运气 ②n./c/u/财富/巨款：make a fortune →(un)fortunate/ (un)fortunately：be (un)fortunate in (doing) sth；be (un)fortuante to do sth；It’s (un)fortuante that-clause →luck/ (un)lucky/ (un)luckily →misfortune ①恶运/不幸：by misfortune；bear/endure misfortune忍受不幸；suffer misfortune遭受不幸；have the misfortune to do sth ②/c/不幸的事/灾难：Misfortunes never come singly. 祸不单行
19. finance n/v.财政/金融/融资→financial adj.：financial ability财力；financial troubles/difficulties财政困难；financial worries财政困扰→financier n.资本家/财政家/金融业者/财务官
20. abrupt adj.①突然/猝然/意外的(≈sudden)：an abrupt change in the weather；an abrupt death猝死/暴毙；The car made an abrupt turn/stop. 急转弯/急停 ②粗鲁的/生硬的(=rude)：in an abrupt manner ③陡峭的(=steep)：an abrupt slope陡坡
21. constant adj.①固定/不变的：a constant temperature恒温；drive at a constant speed稳速驾车 ②持续的/不断地：a constant pain；the constant noise of traffic →constantly adv.不断/反复/经常地：She is constantly changing her mind.
22. ★remind sb of/about sth；remind sb to do sth；remind sb that-clause提醒/使人想起→reminder n./c/(有提醒作用的)人/物提示：a reminder of sth / that-clause（同位语从句）
23. shabby adj.①破旧/破烂的 ②卑鄙/可耻的 ③邋遢/褴褛的 ④低劣/蹩脚的；shortcoming n./c/ →advantage/disadvantage；shallow adj.①浅的 ②肤浅的 ③浅薄的：It’s shallow of sb to do sth
24. ★prejudice ①成见/偏见：free from prejudice没有偏见；racial/sexual prejudice种族/性别偏见；have (a…) prejudice against…；②vt.：prejudice A against B使A对B产生偏糿.主题/主旨：theme park/song；the theme of…；educate/education/educated
30. weA25. company →companion n./c/伴侣/伙伴≈partner/mate/fellow/accompanier
26. rigid adj.①坚硬的/僵硬的 ②顽固的/死板的/刚愎的/严格的：He is very rigid in his opinions.
27. civil adj.①有教养的/礼貌的(≈polite)：a civil gentleman ②国内的：civil affairs/war ③市民/国民/公民的：civil duties/rights/servant ④民事的(criminal刑事的)：civil case/law
28. bend (bent/bent)①vt/vi.(使)弯曲 ②vi.弯腰/屈身：bend down ③vt/vi.(使)屈服于/顺从于：bend (A/oneself) to B：He tried to bend his daughter to his wishes. We’ll never bend to the will of anyone. ④(视线/脚步等)朝向/(心等)专注：bend oneself to…→bent adj.①弯曲的/弯的 ②专心/专注/决心的：★be bent on doing sth一心想要/决心要≈set one’s mind to do sth
29. theme n.主题/主旨：theme park/song；the theme of…；educate/education/educated
30. wealth n.①/u/财富/财产：a man of wealth；accumulate/acquire wealth 积聚财富/致富 ②丰富/大量：a wealth of…大量/许多→wealthy adj.①有钱的 ②富于…的：be wealthy/rich in…
31. fancy ①n.空想/想象/嗜好 ②vt.想象/以为/认为/喜欢 ③adj.装饰的/高档的/花哨的
32. ★settle ①vt.决定=decide：settle (to do) sth ②调停/解决/收拾/处理：settle the problem/quarrel ③vt/vi.(使)定居/(使)移民：settle (sb) +介宾/副词 ④vt/vi.放置/安坐 ⑤vt/vi.(使)平静/镇定/镇静 →settle (up) with sb和某人付清/结清账款；settle/decide on/upon doing sth决定做某事；settle/get down to doing sth安心/专心做某事；settle down ①vt/vi.(使人)坐下 ②vi.定居/安身（+介宾）③vt/vi.(使)平静/安静≈calm/cool down →settlement/settler n.
33. acquaint sb/oneself with…使某人/自己知道/熟悉/通晓/精通…→be/get acquainted with…精通/相识…→acquaintance n./u/c/ 相识/熟人：★make one’s acquaintance=make the acquaintance of sb；on/upon further acquaintance经过进一步的认识/了解后
34. novel(ist)；(ab)normal；workhouse贫民收容院/orphanage孤儿院(orphan孤儿)
35. master ①n.主人/雇主/大师/硕士 ②vt.熟练/精通 ③vt.支配/征服/抑制/驯服：master nature →be master in one’s own house自己当家作主；be master of…掌握/控制/熟练使用…；be one’s own master独立自主/不受别人控制
36. abuse ①vt/n.滥用/妄用：abuse one’s power/eyes；abuse of privileges特权的滥用 ②vt/n.虐待：abuse children；child abuse ③vt/n.辱骂/诋毁
37. crime n.犯罪/不好的行为：commit/do a crime犯罪；confess a crime供认罪行；prevent/wipe out a crime预防/消除犯罪；a horrible/major/minor crime残暴/重/轻罪；It’s a crime to waste food. →criminal ①n.罪犯 ②adj.犯罪的/刑事的：a criminal act/case
38. millionaire/billionaire n.百万/亿万富翁；questionaire问卷调查表
39. ★pity ①n.怜悯/同情(≈sympathy)：feel pity for…；have/take pity on… ②n.遗憾/懊悔/可惜的事：It’s/What a pity (that-clause). ③vt.怜悯/同情：pity sb
40. reform ①vt.改善/改革/改良：reform a system ②vt/vi.(使人)悔改/改过：reform (sb/oneself) eg. It’s more important to reform criminals than (to) punish them. He has completely reformed (himself) and is working hard now. ③n.改善/改革：the reform of social/educational system
41. pressure ①n.压/按/挤/榨/压迫：(high/low) blood pressure；I feet the pressure of his hand on my shoulder. ②n.气压/(精神/社会)压力/苦恼：financial/mental pressure ③vt.施压/压迫/强迫(≈force)：★pressure/force sb to do sth / into doing sth；pressure sb with sth →at high/low pressure紧张地/悠闲地；★under pressure；under the pressure of… (在…)逼迫下/(因…而)迫不得已/(在…)压力下；put/bring pressure on/upon sb (to do sth) 对某人施加压力(去做某事)
42. ★threat ①n.威胁/恫吓：under threat of punishment ②威胁者/危险的人物：a threat/danger to sb/sth →threaten v.威胁/恐吓/恫吓：threaten sth；threaten to do sth；threaten sb with sth
43. violence ①n./u/剧烈/猛烈/激烈：with violence=violently剧烈地 ②n./u/暴力/暴行：do violence to 对…施暴/伤害/歪曲 →violent adj.①剧烈地/猛烈的/厉害的：a violent storm/hit ②暴戾的
44. resist①vt/vi.抵抗/反抗/抗拒：resist sb/(doing) sth ②抗/耐(寒/锈/腐蚀等) ③忍耐/忍住(诱惑等)：★can’t/couldn’t resist doing sth=can’t/couldn’t help doing sth eg. She can’t resist eating sweets. →resistance n.→resistant adj.(有)抵抗力的：★be resistant to… eg. The seed is resistant to cold weather.
45. kick n/vt/vi.踢：kick the door open；kick (at) the ball；give the ball/man a good kick；penalty kick(PK) 罚点球/单挑
46. pale adj.①苍白无力的/灰白的：a pale face；turn pale with fear/at the news ②淡的(=light)/暗淡的(=dim)：pale blue；a pale moon
47. spin (spun/spun/spinning) n./vt/vi.(使)旋转；swiftly≈rapidly迅速地；stout≈fat/strong壮实的
48. attach a stamp to the envelope；mud n./u/泥/泥泞→muddy adj.
49. ★talent n.①/c/u/才能/天赋：have a talent/gift for…②/c/人才/天才 →talented adj.；ability/able；intelligence/intelligent；gift/gifted；genius n.天才
50. sigh ①vt/vi.叹气 ②vi.叹息/惋惜/怀念：sigh for… eg. The old actress sighed for her lost youth. ③n./c/叹息：★give/draw/ let out a sigh (of relief)
51. sight n/v.视力/视野/看见/风景名胜(sights)：have good/poor (eye)sight；near/far/short/long sight；lose one’s sight；★at first sight(注意：sight前面无the)；at sight一见就；★at (the) sight of…一看见…；catch sight of…看见/发现…；lose sight of…看不见/失去音讯/忽略/忘记；(come) in sight进入视线/可见；(go) out of sight看不见/从视线中消失
52. sorrow=unhappiness=sadness；anger n.愤怒/生气→angry/angrily：be angry with/at sb；be angry about/at sth；be angry to do sth；be angry that-clause
53. gentle→gently→gentleman温柔/轻柔；morden-day adj.=modern/contemporary
54. an ugly face；greed n./u/贪心/贪婪：one’s greed for money→greedy adj.贪婪渴望緾
60. ★entertain ①vt.款待/招待：entertain sb to餐/with sth→treat sb/oneself to sth ②vt.使快乐/使感兴趣：entertain sb with sth →entertainment n. →enterta3茫籹tepson/daughter 配偶与前妻/前夫所生的子女
56. gravity n.①重力 ②严重性：the gravity of…→serious/severe adj.严重的；sugar→sugary
57. mistake ①n./c/：make a mistake；by mistake ②v弄错/-took/-taken/：mistake A for B→mistaken adj.?ivorce/dicount rate 出生率/离婚率/折扣率；the rate of interest/exchange利率/汇率；②n.等级=class：a third-rate hotel三流宾馆 ③vt/vi.评价/估计/视为/估价≈value/evaluate →rating n.等级/评级/评价/估计/评分：give sth a five-star rating
63. supreme adj.①(权力/地位等)最高/最高位的：supreme glory最大荣耀；the supreme commander最高统%饕?情义 →★(be) in debt (to sb)欠(…的)债/欠(…的)人情/受(…的)恩惠
68. fair adj.①公正的/公平的：be fair to/with… ②尚可的/还好的 ③晴朗的 ④白肤金发的：ining adj.快乐/有趣的
61. ★in/at the beginning (of…) (在…的)起初/开端时；from the beginning从一开始；from beginning to end从头至尾/由始至终≈throughtout adv.
62. rate ①n.比例/速度/费用：at…rate (of…)；birth/divorce/dicount rate 出生率/离婚率/折扣率；the rate of interest/exchange利率/汇率；②n.等级=class：a third-rate hotel三流宾馆 ③vt/vi.评价/估计/视为/估价≈value/evaluate →rating n.等级/评级/评价/估计/评分：give sth a five-star rating
63. supreme adj.①(权力/地位等)最高/最高位的：supreme glory最大荣耀；the supreme commander最高统帅/指挥官 ②(品质/程度等)最大的/最上的/无上的/至上的/最重要的：supreme happiness至上的幸福；the supreme sacrifice最大牺牲；the Suprme Being上帝
64. typical adj.①典型的/代表性的≈representative：a typical Englishman/example ②(…所)特有的/独特的/表现(…的)特征的：one’s typical way of speaking；That answer is typical of him. →★be typical of…0. rural adj.乡下的/农村的/田园的：a rural area；rural scenery田园风光 →suburb n.郊区/suburban adj.郊区的/郊外的 →urban adj.城市的/都市的：urban population/life/problems
71. constitution n.①/c/宪法 ②/u/构成/构造≈structure ③/u/c/体质/体格：have a strong/weak institution →constitute vt.构成：be constitued of=be made up of=consist of=be composed of
72. short→shorten；threat/threaten；strength/strengthen加强/变强；length/lengthen加长/延长
73. ★mourn (for) sb/sth为…默哀；widow≠window；a bronze statue；the Statue of Liberty自由女神像；monument(≈memorial) n.纪念碑/塔/馆：★build/put up/set up a monument to sb
74. publicly=in public；romance n.→romantic adj.：a romantic novelair play公平比赛；fair trade互惠贸易；a fair judegment/decision；⑤n.集市/展会
69. overnight adv.一夜之间/突然≈suddenly/all of a sudden；fortnight=two weeks两周
70. rural adj.乡下的/农村的/田园的：a rural area；rural scenery田园风光 →suburb n.郊区/suburban adj.郊区的/郊外的 →urban adj.城市的/都市的：urban population/life/problems
71. constitution n.①/c/宪法 ②/u/构成/构造≈structure ③/u/c/体质/体格：have a strong/weak institution →constitute vt.构成：be constitued of=be made up of=consist of=be composed of
72. short→shorten；threat/threaten；strength/strengthen加强/变强；length/lengthen加长/延长
73. ★mourn (for) sb/sth为…默哀；widow≠window；a bronze statue；the Statue of Liberty自由女神像；monument(≈memorial) n.纪念碑/塔/馆：★build/put up/set up a monument to sb
74. publicly=in public；romance n.→romantic adj.：a romantic novel
75. ★exhibit ①vt.展示/陈列/展览≈show/display：②n./c/展品 →exhibition n.展览会：on exhibition=on show=on display；give/have an exhibition；a/an art/trade/international exhibition
76. tend ①vi.倾向(于…)/有(…的)趋势：★tend to do sth易于…；tend to/toward sth倾向于…： eg. He tends to get angry when others disagree with him. He tends to/toward pop music of all sorts of music. ②vi.朝向/往(…的)方向：tend+介宾/副词 ③vt.服侍/看护/照料/看管/护理(病人/伤口/动植物等) →tendency n.倾向/趋势≈trend
77. emotion=strong feeling →emotional adj.；Scots=Scottish adj.苏格兰的→Scotland n.苏格兰
78. ★stress ①n./u/c/(物理上/精神上/状况上)压力/紧张：under great stress；under the stress of… ②n./u/强调/重视：lay/put stress on/upon… eg. Some schools lay/put stress on foreign language education. ③n./u/重音/重读=accent ④vt.强调/重视/极力主张：He stressed the impotance of cooperation. ⑤vt.用重音读…→stress mark重读符号；stressed syllable重读音节
79. format ①n.格式/形式≈form：in…format ②vt.(电脑术语)格式化：format the disc→fomation n.形成/组成/形态/结构/编队/队形/阵势≈structue/constitution：fly in formation编队飞行
80. ballad≈folk music民谣/歌谣；imagine one’s/sb doing sth →imagination/imagery n./u/意象
81. ★compare A to B；compare A with B；compared with/to…；compare with…比得上/媲美…→comparative/comparatively→comparison n.比较/对照/比喻：make a comparison with…/betweem…and…；beyond/without comparison无与伦比/无可比拟；in/by comparison with…与…相比较/较之于…
82. ★farewell≈goodbye再见/再会①int.：Farewell to arms!=Farewell, arms!永别了，武器！(海明威名著) ②n./u/c/：say farewell/goodbye to sb；a farewell party欢送会