Unit 1 Friendship Warning up
重点词汇解析
add up 合计，把。。。加起来，指把数字、数量等加起来以得出总和，主语多为人，其后要跟“合计”的各部分，
Add up these figures and you will see which is the right answer.
与add 相关的短语：
①add to “增添；增加”，其后宾语多为困难、欢乐等抽象名词。【必记】
The bad weather added to our difficulties.
② add...to... 把。。。加到。。。上【必记】
Please add a note to the posters.请在海报上再加一条。
③ add up to “加起来总共是，总计为。。。”后接合计起来的数目。
His whole school education added up to no more than one year.
【注意】add up to 不用于被动态。【必记】
④ add that。。。补充说。。。
活学活用
Please ______ all the figures to see how much they______.
add; add up to B.add up; add up to
C.add up; add up D.add; add to
用add up, add up to, add to, add...to...完成句子
① The time I spend in communicating every day _______________ two and a half hours.
② The piece of music ___________our enjoyment.
③ To make sure the result was correct, she ___________ the figures again and again,
④ If the tea is too strong, ________some more water ______ to it.
upset
adj, 心烦意乱的；不适的；不安的；难过的。常见搭配：
为。。。感到不安/难过：
be ~ at ....
be ~ about....
be ~ that....
There is no point in getting upset about it.犯不着为此事难过。
She was upset that he had left without saying goodbye.他的不辞而别让她感到很难过。
vt. ( upset, upset) 使不安，使心烦；打翻，打乱。搭配为：
Upset oneself about sth. 为某事而烦恼
It upset sb. that ... 让某人心烦/ 不高兴的是。。。。
It upset our plan that nobody had told him about it.
Rain upset our plan for a picnic.
活学活用
Everything from greeting to eating can be an opportunity to do the wrong thing, which not only embarrasses yourself, but_____your host.
scares B.upsets C.teases D.blames
完成句子
① 我对那则坏消息感到心烦意乱。
I _______ ________ _________ the bad news.
② 不要为那件事烦恼，它没有造成损失。
Don't upset ________ ________ it --- no harm has been done.
③ 我们的计划被天气的突然变化打乱了。
Our plans _____ _____ _____ the sudden change in the weather.
ignore
vt. 对。。。不予理会，忽视。后多接sth.作宾语。如：
I made a suggestion, but they chose to ignore it.
He ignored all the "No Smoking" signs and lit up a cigarette.
vt. 佯装不见，不予理睬。后多接sb.作宾语。
He ignored her and went on with his work.
知识链接
ignorance ucn. 无知；愚昧
ignorant adj. 无知的，没有学识的
be ignorant of = be in ignorance of ....对。。。不了解/不知道
He ignored doctor's advice, so he is in ignorance of / ignorant of his serious illness now; that is to say, he is ignorant that he is in danger.
活学活用
"I'd like to buy some fresh fish," I shouted to the fishman. But he ________ my English words and turned to serve the next customer.
guessed B.forgot C.doubted D.ignored
calm
vt& vi (使）平静；（使）镇定。常见搭配:
Calm ( sb /oneself) down （使某人/自己）平静、安静或镇定下来
She lit a cigarette to calm herself down.
adj. 平静的；安静的；沉着的。常见搭配：
remain/stay/keep calm 保持镇定
It is very important to keep calm when an earthquake breaks out.
【易混辨析】calm / quiet / still / silent
易混词 区别
calm 平静的，镇静的；指无风浪的或人的心情不激动的。
quiet 宁静的，安静的；指不吵闹的或心境不烦躁的。
still 静止的，不动的；指（人体或物体等）不运动的。
silent 沉默的，寂静的；指不讲话或没有声音的。
【巧学妙记】When facing danger, one should keep calm; when taken photos of, one should keep still; when someone else is asleep, one should keep quiet; when in class, one shouldn't keep silent about teachers' questions.
活学活用
1._________,please, everybody! Be ________ while I make an announcement to you.
Take up, still B. Calm down, quiet
C. Get off, calm D. Cheer up; alive
选词填空：calm/quiet /still / silent
① Could you keep children _________ quiet while I an on the phone.
② Surprisingly, she was very __________ when I told her the bad news.
③ In order to stay at the factory, she chose to keep________ about the matter.
④ Having sat _________ for about an hour, my legs became numb.
⑤ Emergency lien operators must always stay _________and make that they get all the information they need to send help.
Concern
vt. 使担忧，使不安。常见搭配：
~ oneself about .....担心。。。。
She concerns herself about her son's future.
vt. 涉及，关系到，与。。。有关。常见搭配：
Concern oneself with / in = be concerned with / in... 涉及。。。/与。。。有关
Many officials are concerned with this accident.
n. [C,U] 担心，忧虑；[C] 重要的事，厉害关系。常见搭配：
① with concern 关切地
② a main concern 主要关注的事
③ feel/ show concern about /for / over...对。。。表示关心/ 担心
Our teacher showed his concern for us.
With concern, the woman replied," The guy is you doctor."
知识链接 concerning prep. 涉及，关于
Concerned adj. 关注的；担心的，担忧的。常见搭配：
As far as ...is concerned 就。。。而言
Be concerned about /for 担心/ 关心。。。。
巧学妙记 As far as I am concerned, educators should be concerned about the problem that is concerned with the healthy growth of the children and concern themselves with / in the work of the education.
活学活用
With ______ growth of the Internet, computer security has become _____ main concern of businesses and governments.
the; a B.the; the C. 不填，the D.the; 不填
The meeting was concerned _________ reforms and everyone present was concerned their own interests.
with, for B.with,with C.for, about D.about, with
用concern完成句子。
________ _________ _________(忧心忡忡的家长）were all _______ ________ (担心）the children's safety.
课文全解
Add up your score and see how many points you get.
知识① "祈使句+and /or +简单句”，前一句分句表示一种假设条件或假设，相当于if 引导的条件状语从句，后一分句表示一种结果或推论。
Work hard and you will succeed.
=
Hurry up,or you will miss the last bus. =
and 分句后的陈述句表达的是与前面祈使句顺承的结果；or 表示前后两个分句间为相反的关系。
Find ways to praise your children often, _______ you will find they will open their hearts to you.
A.till B.or C.and D.but
知识② add up
You want to see a very interesting film with your friend, but your friend can't go until he/ she....
知识③ 并列复合句，由并列连词but链接两个并列分句，其中第二个分句是含有until引导的时间状语从句的复合句。
Ambition never dies until there is no way out.不到黄河心不死。
We don't know what is good until we have lost it.
until 的特殊用法：
倒装：not until 位于句首时，主句要倒装。
Not until I saw the score did I realize I hadn't work hard.
强调：结构为“It is/ was not until+ 从句/ 表时间的词+ that。。。。”
1.It was not until dark fell that he left for home.
The shop will be closed for repairs _______further notice.
with B.until C.for D.it
Not until he left his home ________ to know how important the family was for him
did he begin B.had he begun
C.he began D.he had begun
句型转换。
She did not find her mother alive until two days after the earthquake.
________________two days after th earthquake _____________her mother alive.
____________________two days after the earthquake ________ she found her mother alive.
When he / she borrowed it last time, he/ she broke it and you had to pay to get repaired.
知识⑤ get it repaired是“get+ 宾语+ 宾补”结构。it 与 repaired 在逻辑上是动宾关系。get sth done= have sth done.
归纳总结
① get 做使役动词的常用结构：
Get sb/ sth doing sth..使某人一直做某事
Get sb to do sth = have/ make /let sb do sth 使/ 让某人做某事
② have 做使役动词用时，与get做使役动词的用法类似，have sth done 让某事被做；
have sb do sth ; have sb doing sth 使某人一直做。。。
1.Alexander tried to get his work _______ in the medical circles.
to recognize B.recognizing
C.recognize D.recognized
The electronic dictionary I got_______ the other day cost me a lot.
repaired B.repairing C.to repair D.to be repaired
You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.
知识⑥ ignore
知识⑦ calm ...down “（使）平静下来，镇定下来”
The sea calmed down.海上风平浪静。
You will tell your friend that you've got to go to class.
have got to= have to 不得不
妙辩异同 have got to,have to 与must
① have got to 与have to 都侧重客观上某种情形的需要或别人的看法或意见，有人称，时态和数的变化。Have got to 的否定形式是haven't got to, have to 的否定形式为 don't have to.
用于疑问句中，前者have提前，后者要借于助动词do/ does/ did.
② 表示一次性动作时，have got to 与 have to 可以互换，但表示习惯性的动作时，尤其是句中含有always，often， sometimes等频度副词时，则用have to。
While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
知识⑧ 完整形式：While you were walking the dog, 时间、条件、让步、方式（when，until，if，unless， though）等状语从句省略有两种情况
从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句谓语中含有be动词，可一同省略从句中的主语和be动词。
Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.
从句的主语是it，从句谓语中含有be动词，那么it 和 be 动词也可一同省略。
If (it is) necessary, I'll send several people to help you.
归纳总结
If 引导的条件状语从句的省略结构有：
If any 如果有的话 if so 如果这 / 那样的话
If possible 如果可能的话 if not 如果不是这样的话
If ever 如果曾经有过的话 if necessary 如果需要的话
The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _______ regularly, can improve our health.
being carried out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out
It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. __________, we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
① Don't talk while ________________( eat).
② She is so shy that she never speaks first until __________ (speak) to.
③ They looked around the room as if ________(look) for something.
Your friend , who doesn't work hard, asks you to help him / her cheat in the exam by looking at your paper.
知识⑨ who 引导非限制性定语从句，在此句中做插入语，可以省略而不影响句子结构。
知识10 cheat vi. 作弊 vt. 欺诈，欺骗 n. 骗子，作弊者
cheat in/ at on 在。。。中作弊
cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人某物
cheat sb into doing sth 骗某人做某事
He never cheated in exams.
The old lady was so old that the cheat easily cheated her out of her gold ring.
The salesman cheated me into buying a fake.
You will tell him /her that he /she should have studied, so you don't let him/ her look at your paper.
Should have done “本应该做。。。而实际没做”，表示说话人一种责备的口气，其否定形式shouldn't have done 表示“过去本不应该做。。。而做了。”
归纳总结
情态动词 + have done
can't have done 不可能做了某事 may have done 可能做了某事
must have done 一定做了某事（只用肯定句） needn't have done 本不必做某事（而实际上做了某事）
should / ought to have done 本该做某事（而实际上没做）
might have done 可能做了某事，本可能做某事（而实际上没做）
Could have done 可能做了某事，本能够做了某事（而实际上没做）
They _________ have arrived at lunchtime but their was delayed.
will B.can C.must D.should
-- I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
-- How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ________ it.
will have stolen B.might have stolen
C.should have stolen D.must have stolen