Unit1
1. mean 的用法
1). mean doing sth.
mean doing sth. 的意思是“意味着(必须要做某事或导致种结果)”, 其主语通常是指事物的词。
2). mean to do sth.
mean to do sth. 的意思是“打算或企图做某事”,其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词,其过去完成式表示“本来打算做某事”。
3). mean sb. to do sth.
mean sb. to do sth. 的意思是“打算让某人做某事”,也可以用于被动结构。
4). mean 后接名词、副词或从句
mean 后接名词或副词,意为“表示;打算;存心”等意思;后接that 从句,意为“表示……”。
5). be meant for
该短语的意思是“打算给予;打算作……用”。
In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for another hour.
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting
2. take place 发生;举行
① The performance didn’t take place after all. 演出终于没有进行。
② Was there anybody passing by when the accident took place? 事故发生时,有人路过那里吗?
与place相关短语:
in the first place (用于列举理由)首先,第一点
in the last place 最后
in one’s place 处于某人的位置,为某人设身处地想一想
in place 放在原来的位置,就位
in place of 代替,用……而不用……
take one’s place 找替某人接替某人的位置
★take place 不能用于被动语态中
3. of all kinds 各种各样的
【归纳】
all kinds of 各种各样的
the same kind of 相同种类的
different kinds of 不同种类的
this/that kind of 这(那)种
a kind of 某种
① That kind of question is very difficult to answer.= Questions of that kind are difficult to answer.
② We sell all kinds of shoes.= We sell shoes of all kinds.
③ You can see different kinds of animals in the zoo.
= You can see animals of different kinds in the zoo. 你在动物园可以看见不同种类的动物。
(用动词的适当形式填空)
① Books of this kind ____ (sell) well in the bookstore.
② This kind of books ____ (sell) well in the bookstore.
①句中谓语动词的单复数由“books”确定。②句中的谓语动词由“kind”确定。
4. starve v. 挨饿; 饿死
He said he would starve rather than beg for food. 他说他宁愿挨饿也不要饭吃。
starve to death 饿死
5. plenty n. 富裕
days/years/...of plenty 富裕的日子/年月
You have a life of plenty, what would you be worried about?
plenty pron. 大量; 充足
plenty of可修饰可数名词和不可数名词, 用于陈述句, 在疑问句中一般用enough, 在否定句中用many或者much。小心在plenty of前面没有冠词, 不可误记成a plenty of。
如: You needn’t hurry. There is plenty of time left. 你不必慌忙, 剩下的时间很充足。
Taking plenty of exercise every day keeps you healthy. 每天多运动会使你身体健康。
6. 1) satisfy vt. 满足,使…满意; satisfy sb. satisfied a. 感到满意的; be satisfied with
satisfying a. 令人愉快的 satisfaction n. 满意; to one’s satisfaction
satisfactorily ad. 满意地
satisfactory a. 令人满意的
She bought a satisfactory computer-it’s cheap and of high quality.
辨析 satisfactory, satisfied, satisfying
satisfactory, 指客观的事物或主观的表现达到要求而令人满意, 主语一般用客体。
satisfied指主体对事物或表现感到满意, 主语是主体(人)
如:She is satisfied with the service. 她对该项服务感到满意。
satisfying: giving pleasure令人愉快, 主语是不定式, 常用于句型:
It’s satisfying to do sth. 做…...使人满意
如:It’s satisfying to learn the success of his son in job-hunting.得知儿子找到工作,令他非常高兴。
hurt, injure, harm, damage, wound的区别与用法
hurt 普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可精神上, 感情上的伤害。
如:The girl hurt herself badly in the accident.那位女孩在那次事故中伤得很重。
injure比hurt正式, hurt多指伤痛, 而injure则指损害健康, 成就, 容貌等,强调功能的损失。
如:He injured his hand while playing basketball.他在打篮球时手受了伤。
damage主要指对于物的损害,强调对于价值、用途、外观等所造成的损失, 这种损失或因自然灾害所致, 或因人为造成。如:
Several cars were damaged in the accident.好几辆汽车在事故中损坏了。
wound 指枪伤, 刀伤, 刺伤等皮肉之伤, 是出血的, 严重的伤, 特指战场上受伤, 它可以指肉体上的伤害, 也可指人们精神上的创伤。如:
The bullet wounded his left leg. 子弹打伤了他的左腿。
7.origin n. 起源;源头
the origins of the life on earth 地球上生命的起源。
in memory of/ to the memory of sb.
纪念某人
The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist.
8. dress作及物动词时, 不接clothes之类的表示衣服的名词, 而是接表示人的句词或代词, 意思是“给…穿衣服”。当表示自己穿衣服时, 则用反身代词, 如:
Wake up children and dress them. 唤醒孩子,给他们穿上衣服。
dress的过去分词常用来构成get dressed与be dressed短语, 前者表示动态, 后者表示静态, 穿何种衣服, 则用介词in. 如:
Harry up and get dressed. 快点穿上衣服。
The girl was dressed in red. 这个女孩穿着一身红衣服。
dress up是“穿上最好的衣服”, 常指“打扮,化装”,如:
You should dress up when you take part in the party.
She is ___ in red today and looks very beautiful.
A. wearing B. having on C. dressing D. dressed
9. award. n. 奖, 奖品 v. 判给, 授予
award sb. sth. 奖赏某人某物
辨析: award 和reward:
award后接双宾语
award sb. a metal 授予某人奖章
reward 奖赏, 给…报酬, 不能接双宾语;
reward sb. for sth. 因 …奖赏某人;
reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人
She rewarded herself with a cup of coffee after a whole morning’s hard work.
10. admire v. 意为“赞赏;钦佩;羡慕;赞美;夸奖”
注意: 表示“在某方面钦佩某人”用“admire sb. for sth.”
We all admire him for his courage and bravery. 我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识。
11. look forward to (doing) sth. 意为期待着(做)某事, 其中的to是介词, 而不是动词不定式符号。
12. as though和as if没有什么区别。as if用得普遍些, 却可引导方式状语从句和表语从句, 其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。
(1) 引导方式状语从句
She acted as though nothing had happened. 她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。
当从句主语和主句主语一致,从句谓语中又含有动词to be时, 可以把主语和to be一起省去。
He looked about as though (he was) in search of something. 他四处张望, 好像寻找什么。
(2) 引导表语从句
It looks as if it’s going to rain看样子天要下雨
as though和as if从句用虚拟语气,还是用陈述语气。完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反,或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。
The child talks as if she were an adult. 那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人。
13. have fun意为“过得快乐”同义词组为have a good time, enjoy oneself.
短语有have fun ( in ) doing sth.
14. But she didn’t turn up.
1) 来, 出席(某活动) I’m very happy you turned up so early.
2) 把(收音机等)音量开大一些, 其反义短语是turn down.
Turn up the radio a little, I can scarcely hear the program.
相关短语:
turn down 拒绝 turn off 关掉
turn on 打开 turn out 结果是.....
.turn to sb. for help 向某人求助
15. keep one’s word 意为“守信用”,其反义词是break one’s word, 即“失信”。
注意:keep one’s word和break one’s word中的名词word不能用复数形式。
相关短语:
in a word/in short/to be short 简言之;总之
have a word with sb. 与某人谈话
have words with sb. 与某人发生口角
in other words 换句话说
16. obvious adj.
1) obvious+ to + 表示人的名词或代词 Her disappointment was obvious to her friend.
2) It + be + obvious +that-clause
It was obvious that she was in danger.
辨析:obvious/apparent/clear
1) obvious 是三者中程度最强的,含有“一目了然” 之意。
It is obvious that you are wrong.
2) apparent 指具有某些明显的迹象的,侧重与经历推理才能看出结果。
It was apparent from his face that he was lying.
3) clear 作“明白的,清楚的”讲。指不模糊含混,易于观察,了解和识别。
He seems clear about his plans.
17. marry 的用法:
1) 她嫁给了一个律师。
She married a doctor.
表示“和......结婚”,“嫁......”,“娶......”时,marry为及物动词,要用marry sb.,而不用marry with sb.
2) 她和一位律师结婚了。
She was married to a lawyer.
表示婚姻状态, 后接宾语时要用介词to, 而不用with.
3) 他们结婚三年了。
They have been married for three years.
注意:marry和get married 都表示短暂行为,不能和表示一段时间的短语连用,而have been married则表示婚姻状态,可以与表示婚姻状态持续多久的时间状语连用。
18. set off: 动身, 出发; 使(地雷、炸弹)爆炸; 使某物更有吸引力
相关短语:
set about doing sth. 着手(做某事) set in 开始 set up 建立,创立
set down 写下,记下
set somebody to do something. 使某人开始工作 set somebody doing something 使某人处于某种动的状态
19. remind vi.
remind sb. of sth. remind sb. to do sth. remind sb. that
unit2
1. diet和food的区别
2. balanced diet
You ought to have a balanced state of mind. 你应该保持心态平衡。
Try to balance your diet by eating more fruit. 多吃一些水果, 使饮食均衡。
Please gain a better balance between work and play. 请争取把工作和娱乐更好地结合起来。
3. always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly和never是英语中最常见的频度副词,它们在句中的位置大致相同:通常放在行为动词之前,系动词be、助动词和情态动词之后。但它们所表示的含义及频度是各不相同的。
(1) always的频度为100%,表示动作重复、状态继续,中间没有间断, 意思是“总是”、“永远地”。
(2) usually的频度为70%左右,意为“通常”、“平常”, 即很少有例外。
(3) often的频度为50%左右,意为“常常”,但不如usually那么频繁, 表示动作重复, 中间有间断。
(4) sometimes的频度为20%左右,意为“有时”,表示动作偶尔发生。可以位于句首,以示强调。
(5) hardly的频度为5%左右,意为“几乎不”、“简直不”,常和ever连用表示强调。
(6) never的频度为0,意为“从来不”、“永不”。
4. 用比较级形式表示最高级的意义Nothing could have been better
5 .be tired of + n. 厌倦…
6. curiosity n. 好奇心
curious adj. 好奇的,稀奇的
curiously adv.
Curiosity leads him to the ancient castle.
7. whether and if 的区别:
1) 用于动词之后, 引导宾语从句时可以互换。
2) if 不可以和 or not 直接连用而 whether可以。
3) whether to do
I don't know whether to answer it.
4) whether 可引导同位语、表语从句。
5) whether 可以放在句首引导主语从句而if 不可以。
8. have sb. doing 表示允许或容忍(某事物)发生
此处的have 用在否定句中, 特别是用在will not, can not 等之后。
9. get away with doing sth. 不因某事受惩罚
get away with sth. 偷携某物潜逃。
10. earn one’ living by...=live by...=make a living by... 谋生/挣钱维持生活
11.be in debt欠债 be out of debt还清债务be in sb’s debt欠某人之情
12.no longer=not ...any longer 不再
1) no more/no longer
no more表示数量上或程度上“不再”
no longer 表示时间上“不再”延续
He is no more a student.
He is no longer young.
2) no more...than/not more...than
no more...than ......和......一样不(两者都否定)
not more...than 不如...(前者不如后者)
Xiao Li is no more diligent than John.小李不勤奋,约翰也不勤奋。
Xiao Li is not more diligent than John.小李不如约翰勤奋。
13.glare at sb. 怒目注视某人
stare at/into 盯着
14.only to do sth. 表示一个与主语愿望相反的或出乎主语预料的结果.或用来暗示最初的未能实现的动作。
Only doing sth. 表示谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果。
For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only to be told to come again the next day.
He died, only leaving nothing but debts.
15.1) agree with sb./with one’s words表示同意某人、同意某人的话或观点, 含有赞赏地、肯定地对待某事之意。
2) be agreed(on /about sth.) 意为 “达成协议;意见一致”。
Agree to sth. 表示“同意某事或某项建议”,后面只能接表示“提议,计划,方案”的名词。
3) agree to do sth. 表示“同意做某事”,
4) agree 后面接从句
Unit3
1.A large quantity of money= a large sum of money 常用于修饰不可数名词。
a large amount of money
1) 只用于修饰可数名词的有:
dozens of
scores of
a great many
a big (large/great) number of
big (large/great) numbers of
2) 只用于修饰不可数名词的有:
much
a great (good) deal of
a great (good) amount of
3) 既可修饰可数名词, 也可修饰
不可数名词的有:
a lot of
lots of
plenty of
a large quantity of
2. do with/deal with两个都有 “处理,对付”之意
do with中的do是及物动词; 而deal with中的deal是不及物动词,所以do with用what提问, deal with用how提问。
3. make a bet on sth. with sb.= bet on sth. with sb.
I bet …= I’m certain… 我肯定…
4. be about to do 正要(即将)做某事
辨析:be about to/ be to/ be going to
1)be about to do sth. 表示 “马上就要”,一般不和时间状语连用。
2)be to表示按计划或职责、义务要求必须做的事或即将发生的动作。
3)be going to打算将要做某事,也可表示很可能发生的事或自然现象。
5. be lost 迷路;倾心于某事
6. permit someone to do 准许……做某事
permit doing 准许做某事
permit 表示“允许,许可”时语气较强,有赋予权利之意,常用于法律、规章、制度等方面。allow是常用语, 一般指听任或默认某人去做某事,仅仅表示不想妨碍之意
7. by accident= by chance
8. find oneself +介词短语/分词 (发现某人自己不知不觉…)
9. earn one’s passage 挣取旅费
10. account for 对……做出解释;说明原因
11.to be honest (with sb.)= to tell you the truth = honestly speaking
12.1) tiny: very small 极小的,微小的
a tiny baby, a tiny school
2) not a little 许多,很
not a bit 一点也不
13.take a/ the/ chance/ chances
碰运气;冒风险
14.manner 表“方式,方法”,常用单数;
表“举止,态度”,也用单数;
表“礼貌,礼仪”,常用复数。
15.in rags 衣衫褴褛
16.even if
even though 即使
17.mind (sb/sb’s) doing something表示“介意或反对某人做某事”
Do you mind if+从句(谓语动词常用一般现在时)? 表示“你介意(某人做某事)吗?
would mind if+从句(谓语动词常用过去式),表示“如果……的话, 某人会介意的
18.“It is +形容词+of / for someone to do…”句型中
Unit4
1. think of sb./sth. as...
think sb. to be...
think well /highly / much of
think ill / little / poorly of...
be well thought of…
2. in time
in time (for sth. /to do sth.):
与time相关的短语:
in no time 立刻,马上
at times 有时
at a time 每次;依次
once upon a time 从前
on time 按时;准时
at one time 从前
for the time being 暂时
from time to time 不时地
3. cool down 变凉, 冷却
4. appear 是指根据事物的外表表象做出判断的, 但实质上并不一定如此; seem是表示说话人主观上的判断, 暗含有一定的根据, 往往接近事实的判断; look是根据视觉印象而得出的判断, 实质上也可能如此。