Unit 18 Book 2 Language Points

发布时间:2017-11-14 编辑:互联网 手机版

重点词语用法

1.lay的用法

lay[lei]vt. 放置;摆放。它是不规则动词,其过去式和过去分词均为laid。例如:

①He laid the envelope on the table.

他把信封放在桌子上。

②She was ill and laid herself in bed all day long.

她病了,整天躺在床上。

③Please lay these desks along, not across.

这些书桌请顺着放,别横着放。

④In order to lay a solid foundation they work hard at English.

为了打下坚实的基础,他们刻苦地学习英语。

⑤The boy lying on the ground lied that he had laid the dictionary on the table.

躺在地板上的那个男孩谎称他把词典放在桌子上了。

2.动词book的用法

book[buk] vt. 订(票、座位、房间等)。例如:

①I have booked a room on the first floor.

我已经在一楼订了个房间。

②Have they booked ticket for the wonderful film?

他们已经订了那部精彩影片的票了吗?

③You can book the seats for the theatre in the early morning.

一大早你就可以预定剧院的座位。

④I want to book the plane ticket to Jinan.

我想订张去济南的飞机票。

3.determine的用法

determine [di't+min]v.其后通常接不定式短语、从句或介词短语,意为“决心,决定”(=decide; make up one's mind)。例如:

①We determined to finish the work ahead of time.

我们决定提前完成工作。

②I haven't determined when we will hold the meeting.

我还没有决定什么时候召开这次会议。

③Did he determine on an early start?

他决定早点动身了吗?

【注意】determine的过去分词形式determined通常用作表语,其后跟不定式短语或从句。例如:

①If he is determined to do something, nobody can stop him from doing so.

如果他决定做某事,任何人也无法阻止他去做。

②All the students in our class are determined to learn English well.

我班所有的同学都决心学好英语。

③His brother was determined to give us some advice on English grammar.

他哥哥决定给我们提一些关于英语语法的建议。

④Our teacher was determined that no one should fall behind this term.

我们老师下决心这学期不让一个人掉队。

4.promise的用法

promise['pr&mis] vt.“答应;允诺”。其后通常可跟名词、代词、

不定式或that从句等。例如:

①They promised an immediate help.

他们答应立即给予帮助。

②He promised us a present for our party.

他答应晚会上送我们一件礼物。

③I promised to help the people in need of help.

我答应帮助那些需要帮助的人们。

④I promise my daughter that I shall buy her a new toy in Beijing.

我答应我女儿给她在北京买一件新玩具。

⑤He that promises too much means nothing.

[谚语]许愿太多的人是不打算兑现的。

5.absent

1)absent是形容词,相当于not present, away,作“不在,缺席”解,常用作表语。

absent from school 未到校

asbsent from work 未上班

absent from duty 缺勤

absent on business 因事缺勤

absent on a tour 外出旅游

absent with leave 请假缺席

absent without leave 无故缺席

2)其名词形式为absence。

①His repeated absence is worrying.

他一再缺课令人担忧。

②In the absence of the manager, I shall be in charge.

经理不在时,由我负责。

3)absence of mind是“心不在焉”的意思。absent-minded意为“心不在焉的,健忘的”,用作形容词。

①It was absence of mind that made him insensible to all that was passing around him. 由于他心不在焉,他一点也不知道周围发生的事。

②He became absent-minded with age.

因上了年纪他变得丢三落四的。

6.consider

1)consider作“考虑”解时,后面接动名词或从句,不可接不定式。

①He considered going to see them in person.

他考虑亲自去看望他们。

②Have you considered how you could get there?

你是否考虑过如何到哪儿。

2)consider 作“认为”解时可接从句或不定式复合结构。

①We considered that you are not to blame.

我们认为不该责怪你。

②We considered him(to be) the best.

我们认为他最好。

③She is considered to lack experience.

人们认为她经验不足。

④He will be considered a wise leader.

他将会被认为是个明智的领导。

7.holiday & vacation

1)通常情况下,我们用单数holiday表示一两天的短假期,较长时间的多用 a holiday或 holidays.

① We've got a holiday next month. 下月我们休假。

②I had to work on Bank Holiday Monday.

星期一公休,可是我还得上班。

③Where are you going for your summer holiday(s)? 夏季假期你去哪儿?

2)以下词组中总用单数:

three weeks' holiday

on holiday, on vacation.

3)vacation 在英国英语中用于大学的假期。在美国英语中用来指长时期的休假才用 vacation.

8.名词way的几种用法

way在这里作“方法”解释,只有单数形式,其前的介词用in,不能用by或with, 如 way前面有this, that或形容词性物主代词时,介词可省去。如:

①He always speaks in a careless way.

他说起话来总是漫不经心。

②Do it any way you like.

你爱怎么干就怎么干。

③I think you are putting it together the wrong way.

我认为你把它装错了。

④You should do it(in) his way.

你应该按照他的方式去做这件事。

⑤Do it(in) your own way if you don't like my way.

如果你不喜欢我的方式,按照你自己的方式做那件事吧!

⑥The work must be finished(in)one way or another.

这件工作必须设法做好。

way作为“方法”、“方式”解释时,其后可跟不定式或of短语作定语。两者基本相同。如:

①Man is trying to find ways to stop pollution.

人类正努力寻找制止污染的方法。

②He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.

他有一个别出心裁的方式使他的课生动有趣。

③There is no way to prove he was stealing money.

无法证明他在偷钱。

④There is no way of getting in touch with her.

无法与她取得联系。 但要注意 way of后面不能接名词,如后接名词,则不用 way of, 而要用 means of来代替。如:

①I've tried all possible means of communication.

我已经用了一切可能的联系办法。(此句不能说…ways of communication)

②We express our thoughts by means of language.

我们通过语言表达思想。(不能说 ways of language)

请注意 in the way和 on the way的区别,in the way意为“障碍”,或阻止你到想去的地方的人或物;on the way意为“在途中”。试比较:

①Don't stand in the way. 别挡路(或不要妨碍人)。

②Let's not stop too often on the way. 咱们别老在途中停留了。

重要词组短语

1.in charge of & in the charge of

1)in charge of sth. 意为“负责某事”。

①He was in charge of the shop while the manager was away.

经理不在,他负责这家商店。

②Mary is in charge of the baby.

玛丽负责照料这个婴儿。

2)in the charge of sb. 意为“在某人的掌管之下”。

①This ward is in the charge of Dr. Green.

此间病房由格林医生负责。

②The patients are in the charge of Dr. Wilson.

这些病人由威尔逊大夫治疗。

2.in common意为“与……有共同之处;和……一样”;“共有;公用”。

例如:

①They have the same teacher, so they have many things in common.

他们同出一师,所以有许多共同之处。

②In common with her mother, she is good at singing and dancing.

和她妈妈一样,她擅长唱歌和跳舞。

③The teacher in our group have books and dictionaries in common.

我们组的老师公用这些书和词典。

④My brother and I have the motor in common.

我和哥哥共有这辆摩托车。

3.get in touch with 意为“与……取得联系”;lose touch with意为“丧失了与……的联系” ;keep in touch with意为“与……保持联系”。例如:

①We have got in touch with each other by telephone.

我们已经通过电话联系上了。

②They had great trouble in getting in touch with their father abroad.

他们费了很大劲才与国外的爸爸取得了联系。

③They keep in touch with each other by mail.

他们通过写信保持联系。

④We have made many foreign friends but we have lost touch with some of them.

我们认识许多外国朋友,但是有些已经丧失了联系。

4.worry about(trouble about)意为“担心;烦恼”,常与名词、代词或动词-ing形式连用。例如:

①Don't worry about my health, I can take good care of myself.

不要为我的健康担心,我会照顾好自己的。

②It seemed as if the young man had something to worry about.

那个年轻人好象在为什么事发愁。

③First of all, don't worry about being short.

首先,不要为个矮烦恼。

【注意】worry的形容词形式为worried, 意为“焦虑的,烦恼的,担心的”。例如:

①He has a worried look. 他有一副烦恼的样子。

②What's the matter? Why do you look so worried?

有什么事?你为什么看上去这样焦虑?

5.turn up 意为“来(开会、赴约等),出席”。例如:

①He was expecting her at ten, but she didn't turn up.

他指望她十点来,她却没来。

②They didn't turn up because they failed to catch the first bus.

由于没有赶上早班汽车,他们没有来。

③They were very glad I turned up so early.

他们很高兴我来得这么早。

④There are 150 people to turn up for the conference.

将有150人参加这次会议。

【注意】turn up还通常作“(把收音机等)开大点”解。例如:

①Turn up the radio a little in order that I can hear the programme .

把收音机音量开大一点,以便我能听见节目。

②They closed the door and turned up the lamp.

他们关上门,把灯拨亮了一些。

6.or rather 意为“或者”

当我们想要纠正已经说过的话,或欲使已说过的话更确切,我们常用or rather 这一表达方式。如:

①He is a writer, or rather a novelist.

他是一个作家,或者更确切地说是一位小说家。

②The building is like a palace, or rather a temple.

这幢建筑物象一座宫殿,或者更确切地说象一座庙宇。

③He worked till late last night, or rather, early this morning.

他昨晚一直工作到深夜,或者更确切地说,到今天凌晨。

④Karl is very clever, or rather a hardworking boy.

卡尔很聪明,或者更确切地说是一个很勤奋的孩子。

7.be up to的用法

1)be up to 意为“从事于”、“忙于”, to 是介词,后接名词、代词、动名词。如:

①What is he up to? 他在做什么?

②What tricks has she been up to?

她一直在玩什么把戏?

③He is up to no good.

他正在做无益之事。

④Go and see what these naughty boys are up to.

去看看这些顽皮男孩在做什么?

2)be up to sb. 意为“应由某人负责”,常用 It作主语。如:

①It is up to you to decide whether to go or stay.

该由你来决定是走还是留。

②It's up to us to give them all the help we can.

我们理应尽力给他们帮助。

③It is up to me to get the four of us moving.

该由我来召集我们四个人行动起来。

④It's up to you to choose where we should go.

我们要去的地点由你负责选择。

3)be up to亦可作“胜任”、“适于”解释。

①He is not up to his work.

他不胜任他的工作。

②I don't feel up to going to work today.

我今天有点不适,不去工作了。

③This new book of Green's isn't up to his last.

格林的这本新书不及他本人的前一本书。

④The product is up to standard. 这产品符合标准。

4)be up to还可作“直到”、“以至”解释。如:

up to now 直到现在

count from one up to twenty 从一数到二十

 

常用句型结构

1.The first person is angry about something.

be angry with sb. for/about sth./doing sth.为某事与某人生气/恼火。如:

①I was angry with myself for making such stupid mistake.

我因为犯了这么蠢的错误而生自己的气。

②Don't be angry with me for not having written back.

别因为我没写回信而生我的气。

③What are you angry about? 你生的是哪门子气?

④He was angry at finding that nothing has been done.

他发现什么也没干而感到生气。

⑤I got very angry at what he said. 我对他说的话感到很恼火。

2.与rather有关的几个句式

1)would/had rather do, 表示主观上的愿望和选择,意为“宁愿……”。

①I would rather not go out tonight, if you don't mind.

如果你不介意,我今晚宁愿不出去。

②I'd rather stay at home and watch TV.

我宁愿留在家里看电视。

③Which would you rather have, tea or coffee?

你喜欢喝茶还是喝咖啡?

2)had/would rather + sb. + 动词过去式。意为“宁愿某人做某事”。表示对于现在或将来的一种愿望。

①I had rather you did it. 我宁愿你做了这事。

②You always go without me, and I'd rather you didn't.

你总是不带我去,我可不愿意你这样。

③----Tony is leaving by the 10 o'clock train.

----I'd rather he left on an earlier train.

“托尼将乘10点的火车离开。”“我倒宁愿他乘前一班火车。”

3)had/would rather sb. +动词的过去完成式,意为“宁愿某人曾做过某事”,表示与过去事实相反的愿望。

①I'd rather he had told me about it.

我倒宁愿他告诉了我这件事。

②I've spent too much money on travelling. I'd rather you hadn't.

我在旅游上花费太大。但愿你没有这样做。

4)would/had rather do than do. 意为“宁愿……而不愿”表示选择偏爱前者。

①I would rather try and fail than gave up the plan.

我宁愿试了失败了,也不愿放弃计划。

②He had rather give up his house than sell his car.

他宁愿放弃房屋,也不愿卖车。

5)prefer to do rather than do. 意为“宁愿……而不愿”。

①I prefer to work rather than remain idle.

我宁愿工作,也不愿闲着。

②I prefers to write to her rather than telephone her.

我喜欢写信给她,而不愿打电话给她。