Unit 16 Book 2 Language Points

发布时间:2016-9-4 编辑:互联网 手机版

重点词语用法

1.动词time

1)动词time有“选择(某事)的时机;安排……的时间”的意思,尤用于被动语态。

①You've timed your holiday cleverly----the weather's at its best. 你真会选度假时间--正是天气最好的时候。

② His remark was well/badly timed.

他说的话正合(不合)时宜。

③ Kick-off is timed for 2. 30.

足球开赛时间定于二点半。

④The train is timed to connect with the ferry.

火车时刻编排得可与渡船运行时刻衔接。

⑤The bomb was timed to explode during the rush-hour.

炸弹已经校准在人最多的时候爆炸。

2)动词time还可表示“(为跑步者、赛跑、某过程)计时”。

①The egg is hard; you didn't time it properly.

鸡蛋煮老了,你没掌握好火候。

②Time me while I do two lengths of the pool.

给我记一下游一个来回的时间。

2.动词slow的用法

slow [sl+u] (=to become/make slower) 为动词,意为“减慢”、“使……缓慢”。例如:

①We'd better slow down before reaching the crossroads.

在到达十字路口以前,我们最好减速。

②The bus slowed its speed as it came near to the bus stop.

汽车进站时就放慢了速度。

③The icy road slowed our progress.

结冰的道路使我们前进的速度减慢了。

【注意】在英语中,有的形容词可以转化成动词。例如:

①Please warm this soup. (warm----to become/make warmer)

请把这汤热一热。

②The weather is warming when spring comes.

当春天到来时,天气变得暖和起来。

③The snow and cold wind has cooled the air.

这场雪和寒风使空气变凉了。

④Let your tea cool a little because it is too hot now.

因为现在茶太热了,让它先凉一会儿吧。

3.sand

1)sand作“沙子,沙粒”意时,为不可数名词。

They mix sand and cement to make concrete.

他们把沙子和水泥混合制成混凝土。

2)作“沙滩、沙洲、沙地、沙漠”解,多用sands。

①Children like to play on the sands.

孩子们喜欢在沙滩上玩。

②Is it something enjoyable to travel across the burning sands of the desert?

在沙漠中滚烫的沙地里行走是件令人愉快的事吗?

3)The sands are running out. 意为“期限将到,剩下的时间不多了。

His sands of life is running out. 他命数将尽。

4.feed

1)feed意为“喂养,饲养”。

①She has a large family to feed. 她要养活一大家子人。

②Have you fed the chickens? 小鸡喂过了吗?

③What do you feed your dog on? 你用什么喂狗?

④You should feed the baby some more stewed apple.

你该给婴儿多喂些炖苹果。

2)feed还表示“给(某物)提供(某物)”。

①The lake is fed by several small streams.

这湖是由几条小溪的水汇成的。

②You should feed the fire with wood.

该往火里添柴了。

5.deep & deeply

1)deep可用作形容词,意为“深的,高深的”。

deep lips 厚嘴唇

deep red 深红色

deep water 困境

deep in the study 潜心研究

deep in thought 沉思

2)deep用作副词时,常用于具体的(时、空等)的深度。

①dig deep 深挖 bury deep 深埋

②deep-rooted 根深蒂固的

deep-freeze 速冻,冷藏

③drive deep into the wall 深深地打入墙内

④seek deep into one's mind 深深地印入脑海

⑤go/study deep into the subject 深入研究这一课题

⑥Still water runs deep. (谚)沉默者深谋。

3)deeply 是个副词,常用于比喻场合,表示“非常地,深深地”。

①I am deeply interested in this subject.

我对这一学科很感兴趣。

②I deeply regret your misfortune.

对你的不幸我深感同情。

③I'm deeply grateful for your advice.

我对于你给的劝告很感激。

④He is deeply hurt. 他深受伤害。

⑤She is deeply moved. 她深受感动。

6.direction

1)direction 是个可数名词,意为“方向”。

①Tom went off in one direction and Harry in another.

Tom 朝一个方向走,而Harry朝另一个方向走了。

②The signpost points in a west direction.

路标指向西。

③When the police arrived, the crowd scattered in all directions.

警察一到,人群就向四面八方散开了。

2)direction 可指“趋向,趋势,动向”,为可数名词。

①That is the present direction of government thinking.

这就是当今政府考虑问题的取向。

②We're making changes in various directions.

我们正在多方面进行改革。

3)directions 可指“指南,说明书,用法,操作说明”或“(信件,包裹上的)姓名地址”。

①Simple directions for assembling the model are printed on the box.

盒上印有装配模型的简要说明。

②The parcel was returned to the sender because the directions were incorrect.

包裹因姓名地址有误而退给了寄件人。

7.certain 的意思和用法

1)certain 为形容词,相当于 sure,意为“有把握的”、“肯定的”,多用作表语,其后跟of短语,不定式或从句。如:

①I am certain of his success.

我肯定他能成功。

②Are you certain of what you say?

你对你说的话有把握吗?

③He is certain to come.

他一定会来。

④You are certain to be happy with them.

跟他们在一起你一定会很高兴。

⑤The duties before us are certain to be heavy.

摆在我们面前的任务一定是很重的。

⑥I am not certain whether he will come.

我没有把握他究竟来不来。

⑦It is certain that two and two make four.

二加二等于四是确信无疑的。

⑧I am certain that our football team will win.

我确信我们的足球队会赢。

【注】be certain of…表示句子主语对某事有把握;be certain to+动词原形,表示说话人的一种看法。如:

①He is certain of living to 100.

他坚信自己能活到一百岁。(主语对活到一百岁有把握)

②He is certain to live to 100.

他一定能活到一百岁。(说话人的看法而非主语有把握)

2)certain 还可作“某人、某些、某种”解释,此时只作定语。

①A certain Mr Wang came to see me yesterday.

昨天一位姓王的先生来找我。

②There was a certain coldness in her attitude toward me.

她对我的态度有一点冷淡。

③I am prepared to make certain concessions.

我作好准备作某些让步。

【注】certain 作定语用时,如修饰单数可数名词,应用a certain,如修饰不可数名词或复数名词,则不用a。如:

a certain Smith 一位姓史密斯的人

on certain conditions 附带某些条件

to a certain degree 在某种程度上

for a certain reason 为了某种理由

3)certain 还可作代词用,意为“某几个”、“某些”。如:

certain of his friends 他的某些朋友

certain 的常见词组有:

for certain 无疑地、确定地

make certain 弄清楚、弄确实。如:

①I can not say for certain when he will arrive.

我不敢确定地说他将何时到达。

②I think there is a train at 8:20, but you ought to make certain.

我想在八点二十分有一班火车,不过你应该问清楚。

③Please make certain of the date of meeting.

请把开会日期弄清楚。

重要词组短语

1.come up 意为“走近,走上来” ;“出现”。例如:

①While we were cleaning the street, a stranger came up to ask the way.

当我们在清扫大街的时候,一个陌生人走上来问路。

②When we were in need of help, a PLA man came up to offer his help.

当我们需要帮助的时候,一位解放军走上来主动给我们提供帮助。

③The plan will probably come up at the meeting.

这项计划会上可能会提出来。

④He came up for interview but did not get the job.

他到现场接受面试,但并未得到工作。

2.make up 意为“组成”;“构成”,常用于被动语态“be made up of”,意为“由……组成”;“由……构成”。例如:

①These five parts make up the book. (或 The book is made up of these five parts.)这五部分构成了本书。(本书是由这五部分组成的。)

②Hundreds of parts make up the electric computer. (或 The electric computer is made up of hundreds of parts.)数百个零件组成了这台电脑。

3.too much和much too的区别

too much一般是用在不可数名词前作前置定语,而much too一般修饰形容词,放在形容词之前。例如:

①Eating too much meat will make you put on weight.

吃太多的肉将会使你发福。

②This mountain is much too high for the old men to climb.

这座山让这些老年人来爬太高了。

4.stay clean 保持清洁

1)stay 在这里是系动词,后跟形容词、介词短语等作表语,其意思相当于 remain 或keep。如:

①You can't expect to slay young.

你不可能指望一直很年轻。

②The shop stays open until eight.

商店一直开到8点。

③What a lovely day! I hope it'll stay fine.

多好的天!我希望能晴下去。

④The patient's temperature stayed around 40℃.

这病人的体温持续在摄氏四十度左右。

2)stay 作为不及物动词时,有“停留”、“暂住”、“耽搁”、“中止”、“站住”、“坚持”等多种意思,应根据句子上下文确定它的意思。

如:

①Stay! You have forgotten your umbrella.

等一等!你把雨伞忘了。

②Won't you stay for supper?

请留下吃晚饭好吗?

③I stayed to see what would happen.

我留下看进一步的发展。

④The teacher made the boy stay in and do his exercises again.

老师要那男孩留在学校里重做练习。

3)stay 也可作为及物动词用。意为“阻止”、“延缓”等。如:

①The doctors tried their best to stay the progress of the disease.

医生们做了一切努力来制止疾病发展。

②He bought some bread to stay his hunger.

他买了面包来充饥。

③The judgement was stayed because the defendant was ill.

由于被告生病,审判推迟了。

④He stayed the work and had the machine repaired.

他停下工作请人修机器。

4)动词stay构成的常见词组有:

stay away 外出

stay in 呆在家里

stay on 继续停留

stay up 不睡觉、熬夜

stay over 过夜

5.名词作定语

在英文中可以用名词直接做定语用,常见的有:

a shoe shop 鞋店

a war story 战争故事

a furniture exhibition 家具展览

a history book 一本历史书

a traffic jam 交通阻塞

a table lamp 台灯

an iron bridge 铁桥

chocolate ice-cream 巧克力冰淇淋

a conference room 会议室

a bus/train station 汽车(火车)站

a steam engine 蒸汽机

holiday plans 假期计划

a telephone bill 电话收费单

a blood test 验血

adult education 成人教育

the car door 汽车门

the table leg 桌腿儿

the river bank 河岸

a coffee cup 咖啡杯

mountain top 山顶

chicken soup 鸡汤

baby clothes 婴儿服

常用句型结构

1.谈论天气的省略句型

在日常交际用语中谈论天气的时候常使用省略句。例如:

①Fine day, isn't it. (=It's a fine day, isn't it?)

天真好,是吗?

②Very hot, isn't it? (=It's very hot, isn't it?)

天气很热,是吗?

③Blowing hard, isn't it? (=It's blowing hard, isn't it?)

风刮得很大,是不是?

2.句型“I wish(that)…”是表示“愿望”的交际用语。

这个句型所表示的是一种不可能实现的愿望,可译为“但愿……就好了”,含有表示遗憾的意思。因此在宾语从句中要用虚拟语气。表示现在不可能实现的愿望时,从句中的谓语动词用过去式;如果谓语动词是be,则不论主语人称如何,谓语动词都用were。例如:

①I wish I could speak Japanese. (=I am sorry I cannot speak Japanese.)但愿我(现在)会讲日语就好了。(遗憾的是我不会讲日语。)

②I wish they were able to pass the final-term examination. (=But in fact they are not able to pass the final-term examination.)要是他们能通过期末考试

就好了。(但事实上他们不能通过期末考试。)

③I wish I knew her address and telephone number. (=I'm sorry I don't know her address and telephone number.)要是我知道她的地址和电话号码就好了。(很遗憾我不知道她的地址和电话号码。)

④I wish you were a teacher and she were a doctor (In fact, you are not a teacher and she is not a doctor.)但愿你是教师,她是医生。(事实上,你不是教师,她也不是医生。)

3.句型“It's a pity that…”是用来表示“遗憾”的交际用语。在口语中“It's a”和“that”都可以省略。例如:

①Pity we are not living in Beijing. (=It's a pity that we are not living in Beijing.)很遗憾我们不住在北京。

②Pity you can't sing an English song. (=It's a pity that you can't sing an English song.)

真遗憾,你不会唱英语歌曲。

③Pity I can't go to the movie together with you this afternoon.

真遗憾,我今天下午不能和你们一道去看电影。

④Pity I can't manage it myself. 很遗憾我自己干不了。(=It's a pity that I can't manage it myself.)