重点词语用法
1．动词time
1)动词time有“选择(某事)的时机；安排……的时间”的意思，尤用于被动语态。
①You've timed your holiday cleverly----the weather's at its best. 你真会选度假时间--正是天气最好的时候。
② His remark was well/badly timed.
他说的话正合(不合)时宜。
③ Kick-off is timed for 2. 30.
足球开赛时间定于二点半。
④The train is timed to connect with the ferry.
火车时刻编排得可与渡船运行时刻衔接。
⑤The bomb was timed to explode during the rush-hour.
炸弹已经校准在人最多的时候爆炸。
2)动词time还可表示“(为跑步者、赛跑、某过程)计时”。
①The egg is hard; you didn't time it properly.
鸡蛋煮老了，你没掌握好火候。
②Time me while I do two lengths of the pool.
给我记一下游一个来回的时间。
2．动词slow的用法
slow [sl+u] (=to become/make slower) 为动词，意为“减慢”、“使……缓慢”。例如：
①We'd better slow down before reaching the crossroads.
在到达十字路口以前，我们最好减速。
②The bus slowed its speed as it came near to the bus stop.
汽车进站时就放慢了速度。
③The icy road slowed our progress.
结冰的道路使我们前进的速度减慢了。
【注意】在英语中，有的形容词可以转化成动词。例如：
①Please warm this soup. (warm----to become/make warmer)
请把这汤热一热。
②The weather is warming when spring comes.
当春天到来时，天气变得暖和起来。
③The snow and cold wind has cooled the air.
这场雪和寒风使空气变凉了。
④Let your tea cool a little because it is too hot now.
因为现在茶太热了，让它先凉一会儿吧。
3．sand
1)sand作“沙子，沙粒”意时，为不可数名词。
They mix sand and cement to make concrete.
他们把沙子和水泥混合制成混凝土。
2)作“沙滩、沙洲、沙地、沙漠”解，多用sands。
①Children like to play on the sands.
孩子们喜欢在沙滩上玩。
②Is it something enjoyable to travel across the burning sands of the desert?
在沙漠中滚烫的沙地里行走是件令人愉快的事吗？
3)The sands are running out. 意为“期限将到，剩下的时间不多了。
His sands of life is running out. 他命数将尽。
4．feed
1)feed意为“喂养，饲养”。
①She has a large family to feed. 她要养活一大家子人。
②Have you fed the chickens? 小鸡喂过了吗？
③What do you feed your dog on? 你用什么喂狗？
④You should feed the baby some more stewed apple.
你该给婴儿多喂些炖苹果。
2)feed还表示“给(某物)提供(某物)”。
①The lake is fed by several small streams.
这湖是由几条小溪的水汇成的。
②You should feed the fire with wood.
该往火里添柴了。
5．deep & deeply
1)deep可用作形容词，意为“深的，高深的”。
deep lips 厚嘴唇
deep red 深红色
deep water 困境
deep in the study 潜心研究
deep in thought 沉思
2)deep用作副词时，常用于具体的(时、空等)的深度。
①dig deep 深挖 bury deep 深埋
②deep-rooted 根深蒂固的
deep-freeze 速冻，冷藏
③drive deep into the wall 深深地打入墙内
④seek deep into one's mind 深深地印入脑海
⑤go/study deep into the subject 深入研究这一课题
⑥Still water runs deep. (谚)沉默者深谋。
3)deeply 是个副词，常用于比喻场合，表示“非常地，深深地”。
①I am deeply interested in this subject.
我对这一学科很感兴趣。
②I deeply regret your misfortune.
对你的不幸我深感同情。
③I'm deeply grateful for your advice.
我对于你给的劝告很感激。
④He is deeply hurt. 他深受伤害。
⑤She is deeply moved. 她深受感动。
6．direction
1)direction 是个可数名词，意为“方向”。
①Tom went off in one direction and Harry in another.
Tom 朝一个方向走，而Harry朝另一个方向走了。
②The signpost points in a west direction.
路标指向西。
③When the police arrived, the crowd scattered in all directions.
警察一到，人群就向四面八方散开了。
2)direction 可指“趋向，趋势，动向”，为可数名词。
①That is the present direction of government thinking.
这就是当今政府考虑问题的取向。
②We're making changes in various directions.
我们正在多方面进行改革。
3)directions 可指“指南，说明书，用法，操作说明”或“(信件，包裹上的)姓名地址”。
①Simple directions for assembling the model are printed on the box.
盒上印有装配模型的简要说明。
②The parcel was returned to the sender because the directions were incorrect.
包裹因姓名地址有误而退给了寄件人。
7．certain 的意思和用法
1)certain 为形容词，相当于 sure，意为“有把握的”、“肯定的”，多用作表语，其后跟of短语，不定式或从句。如：
①I am certain of his success.
我肯定他能成功。
②Are you certain of what you say?
你对你说的话有把握吗？
③He is certain to come.
他一定会来。
④You are certain to be happy with them.
跟他们在一起你一定会很高兴。
⑤The duties before us are certain to be heavy.
摆在我们面前的任务一定是很重的。
⑥I am not certain whether he will come.
我没有把握他究竟来不来。
⑦It is certain that two and two make four.
二加二等于四是确信无疑的。
⑧I am certain that our football team will win.
我确信我们的足球队会赢。
【注】be certain of…表示句子主语对某事有把握；be certain to+动词原形，表示说话人的一种看法。如：
①He is certain of living to 100.
他坚信自己能活到一百岁。(主语对活到一百岁有把握)
②He is certain to live to 100.
他一定能活到一百岁。(说话人的看法而非主语有把握)
2)certain 还可作“某人、某些、某种”解释，此时只作定语。
①A certain Mr Wang came to see me yesterday.
昨天一位姓王的先生来找我。
②There was a certain coldness in her attitude toward me.
她对我的态度有一点冷淡。
③I am prepared to make certain concessions.
我作好准备作某些让步。
【注】certain 作定语用时，如修饰单数可数名词，应用a certain，如修饰不可数名词或复数名词，则不用a。如：
a certain Smith 一位姓史密斯的人
on certain conditions 附带某些条件
to a certain degree 在某种程度上
for a certain reason 为了某种理由
3)certain 还可作代词用，意为“某几个”、“某些”。如：
certain of his friends 他的某些朋友
certain 的常见词组有：
for certain 无疑地、确定地
make certain 弄清楚、弄确实。如：
①I can not say for certain when he will arrive.
我不敢确定地说他将何时到达。
②I think there is a train at 8:20, but you ought to make certain.
我想在八点二十分有一班火车，不过你应该问清楚。
③Please make certain of the date of meeting.
请把开会日期弄清楚。
重要词组短语
1．come up 意为“走近，走上来” ；“出现”。例如：
①While we were cleaning the street, a stranger came up to ask the way.
当我们在清扫大街的时候，一个陌生人走上来问路。
②When we were in need of help, a PLA man came up to offer his help.
当我们需要帮助的时候，一位解放军走上来主动给我们提供帮助。
③The plan will probably come up at the meeting.
这项计划会上可能会提出来。
④He came up for interview but did not get the job.
他到现场接受面试，但并未得到工作。
2．make up 意为“组成”；“构成”，常用于被动语态“be made up of”，意为“由……组成”；“由……构成”。例如：
①These five parts make up the book. (或 The book is made up of these five parts.)这五部分构成了本书。(本书是由这五部分组成的。)
②Hundreds of parts make up the electric computer. (或 The electric computer is made up of hundreds of parts.)数百个零件组成了这台电脑。
3．too much和much too的区别
too much一般是用在不可数名词前作前置定语，而much too一般修饰形容词，放在形容词之前。例如：
①Eating too much meat will make you put on weight.
吃太多的肉将会使你发福。
②This mountain is much too high for the old men to climb.
这座山让这些老年人来爬太高了。
4．stay clean 保持清洁
1)stay 在这里是系动词，后跟形容词、介词短语等作表语，其意思相当于 remain 或keep。如：
①You can't expect to slay young.
你不可能指望一直很年轻。
②The shop stays open until eight.
商店一直开到8点。
③What a lovely day! I hope it'll stay fine.
多好的天！我希望能晴下去。
④The patient's temperature stayed around 40℃.
这病人的体温持续在摄氏四十度左右。
2)stay 作为不及物动词时，有“停留”、“暂住”、“耽搁”、“中止”、“站住”、“坚持”等多种意思，应根据句子上下文确定它的意思。
如：
①Stay! You have forgotten your umbrella.
等一等！你把雨伞忘了。
②Won't you stay for supper?
请留下吃晚饭好吗？
③I stayed to see what would happen.
我留下看进一步的发展。
④The teacher made the boy stay in and do his exercises again.
老师要那男孩留在学校里重做练习。
3)stay 也可作为及物动词用。意为“阻止”、“延缓”等。如：
①The doctors tried their best to stay the progress of the disease.
医生们做了一切努力来制止疾病发展。
②He bought some bread to stay his hunger.
他买了面包来充饥。
③The judgement was stayed because the defendant was ill.
由于被告生病，审判推迟了。
④He stayed the work and had the machine repaired.
他停下工作请人修机器。
4)动词stay构成的常见词组有：
stay away 外出
stay in 呆在家里
stay on 继续停留
stay up 不睡觉、熬夜
stay over 过夜
5．名词作定语
在英文中可以用名词直接做定语用，常见的有：
a shoe shop 鞋店
a war story 战争故事
a furniture exhibition 家具展览
a history book 一本历史书
a traffic jam 交通阻塞
a table lamp 台灯
an iron bridge 铁桥
chocolate ice-cream 巧克力冰淇淋
a conference room 会议室
a bus/train station 汽车(火车)站
a steam engine 蒸汽机
holiday plans 假期计划
a telephone bill 电话收费单
a blood test 验血
adult education 成人教育
the car door 汽车门
the table leg 桌腿儿
the river bank 河岸
a coffee cup 咖啡杯
mountain top 山顶
chicken soup 鸡汤
baby clothes 婴儿服
常用句型结构
1．谈论天气的省略句型
在日常交际用语中谈论天气的时候常使用省略句。例如：
①Fine day, isn't it. (=It's a fine day, isn't it?)
天真好，是吗？
②Very hot, isn't it? (=It's very hot, isn't it?)
天气很热，是吗？
③Blowing hard, isn't it? (=It's blowing hard, isn't it?)
风刮得很大，是不是？
2．句型“I wish(that)…”是表示“愿望”的交际用语。
这个句型所表示的是一种不可能实现的愿望，可译为“但愿……就好了”，含有表示遗憾的意思。因此在宾语从句中要用虚拟语气。表示现在不可能实现的愿望时，从句中的谓语动词用过去式；如果谓语动词是be，则不论主语人称如何，谓语动词都用were。例如：
①I wish I could speak Japanese. (=I am sorry I cannot speak Japanese.)但愿我(现在)会讲日语就好了。(遗憾的是我不会讲日语。)
②I wish they were able to pass the final-term examination. (=But in fact they are not able to pass the final-term examination.)要是他们能通过期末考试
就好了。(但事实上他们不能通过期末考试。)
③I wish I knew her address and telephone number. (=I'm sorry I don't know her address and telephone number.)要是我知道她的地址和电话号码就好了。(很遗憾我不知道她的地址和电话号码。)
④I wish you were a teacher and she were a doctor (In fact, you are not a teacher and she is not a doctor.)但愿你是教师，她是医生。(事实上，你不是教师，她也不是医生。)
3．句型“It's a pity that…”是用来表示“遗憾”的交际用语。在口语中“It's a”和“that”都可以省略。例如：
①Pity we are not living in Beijing. (=It's a pity that we are not living in Beijing.)很遗憾我们不住在北京。
②Pity you can't sing an English song. (=It's a pity that you can't sing an English song.)
真遗憾，你不会唱英语歌曲。
③Pity I can't go to the movie together with you this afternoon.
真遗憾，我今天下午不能和你们一道去看电影。
④Pity I can't manage it myself. 很遗憾我自己干不了。(=It's a pity that I can't manage it myself.)