从2006高考谈定语从句学习（June,2006）
教学目标：1、学会分析复合中的定语从句与其他从句的区别。2、选对关系词。
高考命题热点和难点：1、关系词that和which的区别；
2、关系词as和which的区别；
3、定语从句和同位语从句的区别；
4、介词+关系词引导定语从句的情况；
5、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句关系词的选择。
教学方法：考题点拨、启发，讲析结合。
教学步骤：
（一）导入：
Example: 1、Women ____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ____ don’t.（2006北京高考）
A. who; 不填 B. who; 不填 C. who; who D. 不填；不填
2、The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.（2006年江苏高考）
A. who B. that C. as D. which
（二）定语从句讲解：
1、关系词：that, which, who, whom , whose, when, where, why, as, 介词+which/whom等;回顾它们在定语从句中作做的成分和关系词的选择。
关系
代词 who, which, that 可作主语 as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语，也可修饰整个句子
whom, which, that 可作宾语
whose = of which / of whom
①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing…...
②先行词有最高级修饰,有序数词修饰
③先行词有only,very,any等修饰
④先行词既有人又有物时
只用that
①引导非限制性定语从句
②代表整个主句的意思
③介词+关系代词
只用which
关系
副词 when=in/at/on+which 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语
where=in/at/on+which 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语
why= for +which 指原因,在定语从句作原因状语
2、关系词that 与who 指人，通用
he man____ is speaking to our teacher is a new foreign teacher
3、关系词that 与which
1）两者通用，指物
He told me the news ___ surprised me.
2）特殊一：用关系词that而不用which
①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing…...
②先行词有最高级修饰,有序数词修饰
③先行词有only,very,any等修饰
④先行词既有人又有物时
例如：There is little money___ I can spend on books
The only thing ___ she could do was to to go to the police for help
We will never forget the first lesson ___ our chemistry teacher gave us.
What is the smallest thing ___ can be seen under a microscope.
The visitors spoke highly of the children and the performances ___ they saw at the Children's Palace.
特殊二：用关系词which 而不用that
①引导非限制性定语从句
②代表整个主句的意思
③介词+关系代词
例如：I shall never forget those years when I lived in the country with the farmers, ______ has a great effect on my life.
This is the reason for _____ he came late for class
4.关系副词when, where, why在句中的运用。
There wew dirty marks on her trousers____ she had wiped her hands.(2004全国高考II)
We can't figure out____ quite a number of insects,birds, and animals are dying out.(2004北京)
I’ll never forget the day ____ we met for the first time.
5.whose 的用法
A young man from our school, ____ name I have forgotten, has gone to Britain.
This is the room ______ window faces south.
6.介词+关系代词。在介词后的关系代词(不能省略) 通常只有三个: whom, which 和whose.
The man ____ I shook hands just now is my daughter’s friend.
He built a telescope______ he could study the stars.
The driver was the man _______ room the thief had stolen the bag.
7.as 用法
as 引导非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接下列句型。如：as is reported,as is known,as is said, as is announced, as sb . expected ,as is often the case,as has been said before, as may be imagined, as often happens/appears等。例如：
_____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
She is very disappointed,_____ you can see.
（三）学习定语从句的注意点：
1、容易混淆关系词的运用或误用定语从句的谓语单复数：
1)This is one of the books which ___ written by Charles Dickens.
He is the only one of the students who ___learned Japanese before.
2)A: This is the place ______ we worked last year.
B: This is the place ______ we visited last year.
3)A: I still remember the day ____ he saved my child.
B: I still remember the day ____ we spent together.
4) A: Pisa is a city ____ there is a leaning tower.
B: Pisa is a city ______ has a leaning tower.
2、与强调句型的区别：以“It +be”引导的强调句或者是暗含有强调句型结构的复合句定语从句的区别。
1）、It was after he got what he had desired _______ he realized it was not so important.（2006年辽宁高考）
A.that B.when C.since D.as
2）、I just wonder ____ that makes him so excited. （2006年山东高考）
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
3）A: It was at the theatre ______ Lincoln was murdered.
B: It was the theatre ______ Lincoln was murdered.
4）A: It was on Oct. 1st,1949 ______ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
B: It was Oct. 1st , 1949 ______ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
3、标点符号影响句子的结构
1）Yesterday I got a letter from Bush, ______ said that he was getting along well with his studies.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
2）Yesterday I got a letter from Bush. ______ said that he was getting along well with his studies.
A. Who B. Whom C. Which D. It
4、定语从句与同位语从句的区别：引导定语从句的关系代词在定语从句中作成分;而引导同位语从句的关系词不作成分
The news ___ Chinese team won the game got around the country quickly.
The news ____ our teacher has told us is true.
It was after he got what he had desired___ he realized it was not so important.（2006年辽宁高考）
A.that B.when C.since D.as
（四）高考题练习：
1)、______ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. (2004京)
A. It B. As C. That D. What
2）、American women usually identify their best friend as someone ______ they can talk frequently. (2004 沪)
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
3、 I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.(04湘)
A. how B. which C. where D. that
4）、 Anyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place. (04浙)
A. when B. where C. what D. which
5）、.Look out! Don’t get too close to the house______roof is under repair.(06福建)
A.whose B.which C.of which D.what
6）、I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _____ Chinese in the school, most _____ were from Germany.（2006年高考辽宁）
A.study; of whom B.study; of them C.studying; of them D.studying; of whom
7）、I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I _____ to half a dozen other groups.（2006年湖南高考）
A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have given
8）、We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, ______ we gave some bells and glasses.（2006年湖南高考）
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
9）、The Beatles, _____ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.（2006年天津）
A. what B. that C. how D. as
10）、She was educated at Beijing University , _______ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.（2006年陕西）
A. after that B. from that C. from which D. after which
11）、I was given three books on cooking, the first _______ I really enjoyed.（2006年浙江）
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
12）、My friend, who ______ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.（2006年浙江）
A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served
13）、We’re just trying to teach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.（2006年山东）
A. where B. that C. when D. which
14）、The United States is made up of fifty states, one of ____ is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean.(2005年上海春季)
A. them B. those C. which D. whose
15)、Do you still remember the chicken farm_____ we visited three months ago?(2005年北京春季)
A. where B. when C. that D. what
（五）Homework:
编造十个定语从句，简要分析关系词的使用。
READ ALOUD： I'm Chinese
I'm Chinese!
I'm from the People's Republic of China.
I love my country. I love my people.
Our country has a history of 5000 years.
I'm proud of it.
Our motherland is going through great changes now.
I'm part of it.
I want to speak good English.
Because English is an international language.
The Japanese have to learn English.
The French have to learn English.
The Germans have to learn English.
All nations in the world are learning English now.
We Chinese must learn English too.
I enjoy learning English!
I enjoy speaking English!
I enjoy making mistakes!
I enjoy losing face.
I'm crazy about speaking English.
I practice speaking every day.
I can speak good English!
责任编辑：李芳芳