Warming up / Listening / Speaking
1.happen vi. 发生
happen to sb./ sth. 发生在某人(某物)身上…
e.g. If anything happens to him, let me know.
happen to do (be, be doing ) 偶尔(碰巧)在做…
e.g. He happened to be out then.
注意: happen 作 “发生”讲时是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,其过去分词不能用作形容词. The accident was happened last night.(F)
The accident happened last night.
happen, take place, occur都表示 “发生”,都不能用于被动语态.
1). happen 指事情的发生,往往带有 “偶然”或 “未能预见”的意思.
2). take place 指事先布置或策划好而后发生,没有 “偶然”意味.有时有 “举行”的意思.
e.g. Great changes have taken place in our school.
When will the football match take place?
3). occur 当主体指具体或确实发生的事件时, occur可与happen换用.但在表示否定时最好用occur.
e.g. The accident happened (occurred) yesterday.
注: occur 表示 “想起,产生”时,不可与happen互换.
e.g. It occurred to me that I had forgot to bring money.
2. It really hurts.
hurt, injure, wound 这三个词都表示 “使…受伤”. 作及物动词, 在表达 “受伤”时,一定要用被动语态.
e.g.他受伤很严重.
He badly hurt (injured, wounded ). (F)
He was badly hurt (injured, wounded).
1). hurt “伤” 可以指精神上的或肉体上的 “伤害”, 含较强的 “疼痛” 意味, 通常与badly, slightly, seriously 等连用,表示受伤的程度.
e.g. He fell and hurt his arm. 他摔了一跤,摔坏了胳膊.
2). injure “伤” (=hurt). 指在意外事故或事件中, “负伤, 受伤害”.
e.g. He was injured in a fire. 他在一场火灾中受伤.
3). wound “伤”指用外界暴力引起身体 “创伤”, 尤指刀伤, 枪伤, 剑伤等.
e.g. The bullet wounded him in the left leg. 子弹打伤了他的左脚.
用法上的区别:
1). 身体内部的受伤不能用 wound
e.g. His internal organs were injured/hurt .(不能用wound)
他的内部器官受伤了.
2). injure, wound 的过去分词可以作定语; hurt的过去分词不能.
e.g.他受伤很严重.
I saw an injured (a wounded) man.
I saw a hurt man.(F)
3). hurt 可作不及物动词, 表示 “疼”, “难受”. 其他两个词不能.
e.g. My left foot hurts. 我左脚疼.(可能是鞋夹脚的原因,不一定是伤)
3. It was a bit green.
a bit 一点点,有点 a bit of +不可数名词
a bit of salt= a little salt
a bit hungry (angry) 有点饿(生气)
e.g. I’m not a bit hungry. 我一点也不饿.
I’m not a little hungry. 我很饿了.
not a bit = not at all 一点也不
not a little= very 很,非常
4.Was the peach ripe or green?
桃子是成熟的还是生的？
句子中的green作“没有成熟的”解，是ripe（成熟的）的反义词。
e.g. Green fruit is not good to eat.
The cherries(樱桃)are still too green to pick.
表示常用颜色的形容词往往可以引申出与颜色有关联
的其它意思：
red（暴力的，流血的 ） black（邪恶的，不吉利的）
yellow（胆怯，靠不住的） blue（沮丧） white（幸运的，吉利的）
e.g. a red battle血战
I always knew you were yellow! 我早就知道你胆小怕事。
He looks blue. 他看上去情绪低落。
Things look black.
5. And I advise you not to eat fruit that isn’t ripe in the future.
我劝你以后不要吃不成熟的水果。
1）advise作“劝”、“建议”解，常用于下面两种结构：
（1）后面可以跟不定式构成的复合结构，即advise sb. (not) to do sth. ，意为劝某人干/不干某事。
e.g. The doctor advised me to take more exercise.
医生建议我多做运动。
He strongly advised me not to do so.
他坚决劝我不要那样做。
（2）后面可以跟that引导的宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气should do, should可以省略，即advise sb that sb (should) do sth.
e.g. I advised him that he should attend the meeting.
我劝他参加这次会议。
The teacher advised us that we read more books about English literature.
老师建议我们多读些英国文学方面的书。
Advise sth. 建议某事
~sb. (not )to do sth 劝告某人
~doing sth. 建议做某事
~sb+疑问词+不定式 建议某人怎么样
~(sb.) that +主+(should) do sth 建议某人应该做某事
He advised an early start.
me to start early
starting early
(me) that I (should) start early
Could you advise me what to do next?
I ____ him to give up smoking, but I failed.(C)
A. preferred B. hoped
C. advised D. suggested
解析: prefer 与题意不合; hope to do sth/wish sb. to do sth. ; suggest (sb.) doing sth.
另注: advise sb. to do sth. “劝说某人做某事”但不一定劝说成功.
advise (v.) →advice (un.)
give (some) advice on sth/how to do…;
advice column;
advice line;
ask for (a piece of ) advice;
follow/take sb.’ s advice
2) in future (from now on) “今后”
in the future (in time yet to come)“将来”
e.g. You’d better not go out alone in future. 今后你最好不要单独外出。
No one knows what will happen in the future. 没人知道将来会发生什么事情。
Reading
1.Traditional diets often have too much fat and too many calories for the 21st-century person.
对21世纪的人来说，传统的饮食往往含有太多的脂肪和卡路里。
1)diet和food都可以作“食物”解
diet:习惯的食物或特定的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物，如病人的疗养饮食。
food是一般的词语，凡能吃喝的东西都可以称为food.
e.g. The doctor has ordered me a special diet. 医生给我安排了特殊的饮食。
They gave us plenty of food and drink. 他们给了我们大量食物和饮料。
Proper _diet___and exercise are both important for health.
适当的饮食和运动对健康都是很重要的。
This _diet___only allows you to eat fresh fruit.
按照这份指定食谱你可以吃新鲜水果。
Milk is the natural _food___for young babies.
奶是婴儿的天然食物。
We must have _food___to eat and clothes to wear.
2) too many +可数名词
too much +不可数名词
much too +形容词/副词
3）calorie= calory,指食物产生的热量，也可以作热量单位。
e.g. One thin piece of bread has 90 calories. 一片薄面包有九十卡路里的热量。
While you are at school, or walking home, your body is burning up 100 calories an hour. 你在学校上课或者走路回家的时候，你的体内每小时要消耗100卡路里。
2. Stores offer all kinds of food and snacks and we have to make many choices.
商店里有各种各样的食品和点心，我们得做出选择。
1）food一般用作不可数名词，表示“各种食品”的意思，在英语中，有些不可数名词也可以用复数形式，表示“许多种类”。
What fruits are in season now? 现在哪些水果上市了？
有些不可数名词的复数表示“大量的”意思。
e.g. the upper waters of Yangtze River 长江上游
on the sands在沙滩上
有的不可数名词的复数表示与原词不同的意思。
works of literature and art 文艺作品
Don’t put on airs with me.不要在我面前摆架子。
2）make a choice
He