在英语的某些特殊句型中,按照意思本应该放在其它部分的否定却习惯移到前面的谓语中。在汉译英时要注意翻译,以符合表达习惯。
英语结构中的“否定转移”
在英语的某些特殊句型中,按照意思本应该放在其它部分的否定却习惯移到前面的谓语中。在汉译英时要注意翻译,以符合表达习惯。
一、在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,若宾语从句是表否定意义,而且主句中含有I(we)+think,
believe, suppose, expect, imagine等谓语动词时,则习惯上把宾语从句中的否定词not前移到主句的谓语动词中。如:
I don't think it's necessary to read this book. 我认为没有必要去读这本书。
I don't believe it's rainy today. 我确信今天一定不是雨天。
二、在“...not...because...”结构中,如果否定词否定的是由because引导的整个状语从句,则把not前移到主句的谓语动词上,且不用逗号将其隔开,意为“并不是因为……就……”。如: He didn't go to see the film because he liked it. 他并不是因为喜欢那部电影才去看的。
如果用逗号将其隔开,则not否定的是其后的谓语动词。如:
He didn't go to see the film yesterday, because he was ill.他昨天并没有去看电影,因为他病了。
三、当happen / used to / seem等词后加动词不定式构成复合谓语时,如果不定式是表否定含义,则把not前移到这些词的前面,构成“not + happen / used to / seem ...”。如:
The news didn't seem to be true. 这个消息好象并不是真的。
四、在“appear / feel like / seem / look /feel / sound / as if + 从句”结构中,从句的否定词常移到这些动词或短语的前面。如:
It doesn't look as if he is a Chinese. 他看起来并不像一个中国人。
It doesn't sound as if he knew what had happened. 听起来他好像不知道刚才所发生的事情。
五、当由until作为连词或介词所引导的时间状语从句或短语中含有否定词时,常转移到主句谓语动词中,构成“...not...until...”结构。如:
He doesn't go to bed until eleven every night. 他每晚直到11点才睡觉。
六、在“It is / was likely / probably +
从句”中,如果从句中用了否定结构,则把否定词转移到主句的谓语动词中。如:
It isn't likely that it will rain tomorrow. 看起来明天不会下雨。
It isn't probable that he will come here today. 他今天也许不会来这里了。
七、在一些部分否定中,也可将否定谓语动词的否定词转移到主语上。如:
Not all the people knew the truth. (=All the people didn't know the truth.)
并不是所有的人都知道事情的真相。
八、在一些句子中,句子形式上是否定动词,而实际上是否定状语部分。如:
Don't judge a man by his appearance. 不要以貌取人。
He doesn't go to school by bus but on foot.
他不是步行去上学,而是坐公共汽车。