I. Speaking
1 need,dare作为情态动词常用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。肯定句用实意动词表示。实义动词可用于各种句式
He need to buy a new bike. 错 He doesn’t need buy a new bike.错 He need a new bike. 错
He needs to buy a new bike. 对 He doesn’t need to buy/needn’t buy对 He needs a new bike. 对
情态动词need后不能有to, 否定直接+not, 疑问句need提前。
need作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to可被省略,否定和疑问使用助动词do.
实义动词： need（需要, 要求） need + n. / to do sth
need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth后面接doing表示被动：need doing = need to be done
名词：We in great need of help. There is no need for money.
2 consist of= be made up of由…组成/构成（后面接成分，成员） consist in在于，存在于
make up组成/构成；编造，捏造，虚构；弥补，把…补上；和解，和好；化装，打扮
3 be made of由…制成（后面接看得出的原材料） 主动语态 make…of用…制成…
be made from由…制成（后面接看不出的原材料） 主动语态 make…from用…制成…
be made into被制成… (后面接成品) 主动语态 make…into将…制成…
be made out of由…制成 （后面接原材料） 主动语态 make… out of用…制成…
be made in在某地被制造 be made by被某人或某厂制造
make use of利用，使用 make good/ better/ best use of好好使用/更好地使用/最大限度地使用
make full/ right/ proper/ poor/ little use of充分使用/正确地使用/适当地使用/没怎么使用
make the most/ best of充分利用/展示
4 have/ gain/ win an advantage over sb. have the advantage of sb.比某人有优势,胜过/优于某人
take advantage of利用/ 欺骗
5 have a chance to do sth. have a chance of doing sth.有机会做某事
II. Reading
1 lie/ be off the west coast of Europe位于欧洲西海岸附近/近海
2 a lot, a great/ good deal ①可起名词作用作主语，宾语 ②可起副词作用修饰动词作状语 ③可修饰比较级
主要用于肯定句，否定句用much I have a lot/ a great/ good deal to tell you. I don’t have much to tell you.
It snowed a lot/ a great/ good deal last year. She is a lot/ a great/ good deal better today
3 as much as多达，后面接不可数名词和表示度量衡等的复数名词。as many as多达，后面接可数名词
4 start/ begin with以/用…开始 end (up) with以/用…结束/告终 end up还有“有某种结局＂的意思
5注意 " not ... until " 强调句型的变化。见Unit1 Integrating skills
6 as well副词短语“也，还”用于肯定句，相当于too,一般放在句末。
as well as 既…又; 和…一样也; 不但......而且......(as well as 侧重前项，not only…but also…侧重后项)
He knows French, and he knows English as well. He gave me money as well as advice(建议).
Lily as well as the boys is from America. (as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词跟前一个主语一致)
= The boys are from America. Lily is from America as well/ too.
= The boys are from America. Lily is also from America. 或. So is Lily.
= Not only The boys but also Lily is from America (not only…but also…采取就近原则)
The boys aren’t from America. Lily isn’t from America, either. 或 Neither/ nor is Lily.
7 of + 抽象名词=形容词 of importance = important of value= valuable of interest= interesting
of + great/much + 抽象名词 = very + 形容词 of great/ much help = be very helpful
of + no + 抽象名词 = not + 形容词 或-less It is of no use . = It is useless.
8 Don’t judge a person only on the basis of first impression.
Judging from/ by从…来判断 his accent, he must be from the South.
其他短语：stand for代表 as it is事实上, 实际上, 实际情况是, 按原来的/现在的样子 hold together 使结合在一起；使团结 in general一般地，大体地 generally speaking一般说来 have (an) influence on/ upon/ over对…有影响
throughtout the year=all through the year= all the year round一整年，一年到头 in modern/ ancient times在现/古代
base… on 将……建立在的……基础上 be based on以…为基础 on a… basis / on the basis of以…为基础
consider doing sth.=think about/ ofdoing sth.考虑做某事 consider… (as/ to be)…认为…是 ，被动be considered to…
go on/ make/ take a four-week trip进行一次为期四周的旅行 go on/ pay a two- day visit to进行二日游
make a travel plan制定旅游计划pass the exam考试及格/通过考试 fail (in) the exam考试不及格
III. Integrating skills
1定语从句与状语从句。关系副词where引导的定语从句有先行词， 地点状语从句前面没有。
Where引导的地点状语从句可以换成in/ at/ to the place+ where引导的定语从句。
I will go where I am most needed by my motherland.(地点状语从句) 我要去祖国最需要我的地方。
I will go to the place where I am most needed by my motherland.( 定语从句) 我要去祖国最需要我的地方。
Leave the book where it is. (地点状语从句) 把书留在它所在的地方。（别动那本书）
Leave the book at the place where it is. ( 定语从句) 把书留在它所在的地方。（别动那本书）
Put the book where it was. ( 地点状从) 把书放在它原来的地方。Put the book at the place where it was. ( 定从)
Where引导的名词性从句可以换成 the place+ where引导的定语从句
He lives ten miles from where I live.（宾语从句）他住的地方离我住的地方有十英里。
= He lives ten miles from the place where I live. ( 定语从句)
This is where he lives.(表语从句) 这就是他的住处。= This is the place where he lives.( 定语从句)
The station is a long way ____we are. A. in which B. from that C. from where D. from there
Plants of this kind grow best____ it is neither hot nor cold. A in which B where C in places D which
Where there is work, there is success.那里有汗水，哪里就有成果。Where在…的地方
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。
Where there is smoke, there is fire. 那里有烟，那里就有火。（无风不起浪）
He is such a good teacher as all of us love and respect.(as 引导定语从句)
He is such a good teacher that we all like him.(that引导结果状语从句,such…that… “如此…以致…”
2 如状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致(或从句的主语是it)，而且从句谓语中又包含be，主语和be动词可省略。
He looked around the room as if (he was) looking for something. Don’t talk while (you are) eating.
When (he was) asked how he gained first place, he suddenly became cheerful.
(You) Don’t come in unless/ until (you are) asked to( come in). 改错I saw the accident when waited for the bus.
(You) Don’t speak unless/ until (you are) spoken to. （主动 (You) Don’t speak unless/ until others speak to you.）whenever (it is) possible. 如果可能 if (it is) necessary如有必要whenever (it is) possible一有可能就
(类似的有: 现在分词或过去分词短语作定语，可以理解为是定语从句中将关系代词作的主语和be动词省略)
Do you know the man (who is) sitting under the tree. Is there anything (that has been) planned for tonight?
3在时间，条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时, 现在完成时代替将来完成时
(宾语从句该用将来时仍用将来时)
时间状语的引导词有when, while, after, before, as soon as, not…until, once, by；条件状语的引导词有if, unless
I don’t know if/ when he will come back. If/ when he comes back, I’ll tell him. 我不知道他是否/什么时候回来
I will go to bed as soon as the work has been finished. 如果/当他回来的时候，我会告诉他。
）1 We will go to the park____ tomorrow. A if it not rains B if it won’t rain C unless it rains D unless it will rain
）2 What will you do while your parents____ for the holiday ? A. will be away B. are away C. leave D. will leave
4修饰可数名词的量词few及a few , only/just a few (= very few) not/ quite a few (=many), many, a great/ good many
a number of及 a small/ large/huge/ big/ vast/great/good number of，large/huge/ big/ vast/great/good numbers of
修饰不可数名词的量词little及a little, only/ just (=very little) , not/ quite a little(=much), much, a great/ good deal of
a small/ large/huge/ big/ vast/great/good amount of，large/huge/ big/ vast/great/ good amounts of
既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的量词有：some, any, lots of, a lot of, plenty of,
a small/ large/huge/ big/ vast/great/ good quantity of，large/huge/ big/ vast/great/ good quantities of
a great/ good many of them
5 feed vi. The sheep are feeding（吃东西） in the fields. feed/ live on以…为主食
vt. feed sb. on/upon/ with sth.= feed sth. to sb.用某物喂（养） 某人
其他短语：raise/keep sheep养羊 without doubt毫无疑问can’t bear doing/ to do sth.不能忍受做某事
employ oneself in/ be employed in/ engage (oneself) in/ be engaged in从事，忙于
be easy to approach(vt.), be easy of approach(n.)（地方）容易到达，（人）容易接近
He is easy to approach.他平易近人 approach sb. on/ about sth.为某事同某人打交道
the approach to通往…的途径; …的方法 think… to be= think of…as认为…是