Unit 16 Scientists at work
Teaching aims and demands
Goals:
1. Learn to express the student’s everyday life, especially their life on science study.
2. Train the student’s listening ability.
3. Improving the students speaking ability by debating with each other and describing.
4. Study the language points connected with the dialogue.
Useful expressions:
This is an experiment in/of _______. We can see_________. From this experiment, we know that ________./The experiment shows( suggests) that ______.
Advantages Disadvantages
It is good for the economy
It can help many people in the future
It is clean and does not pollute the air
It is important for science
It brings people more comfort. It is too expensive
It is dangerous or bad for your health
It is bad for the environment.
It is unnecessary
Some people will use it for other things
Useful Words and Phrases:
physics, electrification, rub attracted , boiling of water, chemistry, test tube, steam, heated, drops of water, biology, covers, lack of oxygen, cloned mammal， be cloned， gene， free of the disease， face-to-face contact， depressed， medium， communication online， rocket，astronauts， weightlessness，gravity
Grammar: Word Formation: Compounds
Teaching plan I
Step 1
1. Presentation
When you are talking about studying, almost all of you think that studying can only happen in the classroom, and it only means listening to the teachers’ explanation. But there can be many means to study. For example, studying in the lab, reading the books by yourself. Now turn to page 22. And try to describe the four pictures listed in your text book.
2. After describing the pictures, let the students answer the following question.
(1) What are the names of the school subjects in which you study sciences?
(2) Give an example of what you learn about for each field of science.
(3) What are the rules when you do the experiments in the lab?
3. Brainstorming:
Ask the Ss to speak out words as many as possible according to the giving words.
Step 2
Listen to the tape and try to answer the exercises.
Step 3
Tell the differences between the rules they have talked about and the one listed in the tape. Then get to know the important to keep safe in the lab.
Step 4
Talk about the effect of the science of technology. Let the students know the application of science and technology does good to our society, at the same time , it also harm to the human beings or the environment.
Step 5
Practice in pairs to talk about some advantage and disadvantage of the scientific discoveries and applications listed in the book.
Step 6
Ask some pairs of students to act their dialogue out before their classmates.
Step 7
Deal with the language points.
Step 8
Make a conclusion of their performance.
Step 9
Do the exercise in the workbook.
Homework
1. Finish doing the listening exercise on workbook.
2. Prepare for the reading text.
Teaching plan II for Reading
Step 1: Pre-reading
We all know that it is the scientists’ great effort that makes the great achievement on science. Could you name some scientists’ names? And what are they famous for? Try to fill in the blanks of the following form, if you。Can’ t, ask your classmate to help you．
Form: in the 18th & 19th centuries scientists all over the world made many important discoveries．
Give some example． ／Physics／Medicine／Chemistry／Biology
Step 2：Presentation
As we all know ,Benjamin Franklin is a famous politician．But today, we will read a passage about him as a scientist. His serious attitude to science .Let’ s see how Franklin made his famous electricity experiment by flying a kite．
Step 3
Get the students read the test and then decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. In 1752 scientists already knew what electricity is.
2. Franklin was helped by a friend to do the experiment.
3. Franklin made the kite of silk because wet silk does not conduct electricity.
4. A condenser was used in the experiment to store electricity.
5. The key tied to the string was put into the door to stop he kite from flying away.
参考答案 1．T 2．F 3．F 4．T 5．F
Step 4
Ask the Ss to read the test and complete the table below
Title Experimenter’s name
Purpose:
Procedure:
Things needed: _______ ________ ________ _________
Three steps : _____________________________
______________________________
______________________________
Things which should be taken care:
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
Results:
Conclusion:
Step 5 Read he passage and then find out the main idea．
Paragraph 1 Introduction of Franklin’s experiment．
Paragraph 2-3 The process Of出e experiment．
Paragraph 4-6 The tip of doing the experiment．
Step 6
Deal with the language points. Ask the students to pick out the useful expression from the text, give them more examples, and do some exercises to practice the language points.
1. Advantage n[c] condition that gives one superiority or success.
He has the advantage of winning this game.他有取胜的优势.
Her education gives her certain advantages over the students in her class.她所受的教育使她在班上有一定优势.
[u] benefit ; profit 益处;利益
There is little advantage in buying a dictionary if you can’t read.假如你不认识的字的话,买字典毫无用处.
常用短语Take advantage of sb./sth make good use of sb./sth 充分利用某人或某事.
They took advantage of the hotel’s facilities.他们充分利用了酒店设施.
She looks advantage of my generosity.她利用了我的慷慨.
Advantage 反义词是disadvantage: unfavorable condition
2. Successful having the effect or result you intended
The enemy tried to take the town but were not successful.
Be successful in persuading him to change his mind?敌人企图占领这个城市,但是没有成功.
He was successful in politics.他是名成功的政治家.
Did you have any success in working out the problem?
动词形式是succeed与fail相反，succeed in doing sth．
he succeeded in getting what he wanted．他如愿以偿。
3．conduct
(1)vt．lead or guide (sb./sth．)领导；引导
I asked the attendant to conduct him to the door．我请服务员带他到门口。
The guide conducted us round the park．导游带我们到公园转了一圈。
(2)vi．direct；control指挥；控制；主持
She was asked conduct the meeting．她受命主持会议。
(3)vt．Direct the performance of指挥(乐队)
John conducted the concert yesterday．约翰昨天指挥了音乐会。
(4)conduct oneself well／badly，behave in a specified way．
How did the prisoner conduct himself?这名犯人做了什么?
(5)vt．Allow (heat，electricity，etc．)to pass along to through it
Copper conducts electricity better than other materials do．铜导电能力比其他材料要强一些。
(6)n．[u]behavior行为
The reporter was criticized for his unprofessional conduct．这位记者的违背职业道德的行为受到批评。
4．change v．
(1)ask(an amount)as a price要价
How much do you change for mending shoes?修鞋需要多少钱?
(2)store electricity充电
If the light comes on，the battery isn’t changing．灯亮了，电池就不充电了。
(3)rush in a specific direction冲向
The children charged down the stairs．孩子们冲向楼下。
(4)accuse sb．of sth指控
He was changed with murder．他被指控谋杀。
She changed me with looking down on her．她指责我蔑视她。
5．Prove vt & vi give proof of；show to be true证明，证实
(1)后面跟名词。
He has proved his courage in battle．他在战斗中证实了他的勇敢。
The new typist proved (to be) his in competence．那位新来的打字员不胜任工作。
(2)后面跟形容词
The machine proves valuable．这机器证明是有价值的。
The report proved(to be)true．那份报告被证明是真实的。
(3)后面跟that从句
It proved that he was a thief．这证实了他是一个小偷。
The fact will prove that we are telling the truth．事实将证明我们讲的是实话。
Can you prove that he is innocent of the crime?你能证明他无罪吗?
(4)后面可接动词不定式
My advice proved to be wrong．我的建议被证明是错的。
He proved himself to be amusing companion．他证实了自己是个有趣伙伴.
6．tear
(1)vt/vi pull sth. forcibly apart
He tore his shirt on a nail．他的衬衣让钉子挂破了。
Careful the paper is very old and tears easily．小心．这张纸很旧了，容易被撕破。
(2)tea rsth．down,bring sth．to the ground by pulling sharply拆除，
They’re tearing down these old houses to build a new office block. 他们正在拆除旧房子以建议一座最新的办公楼。
He eyes filled with tears．他眼里充满了泪水。
7．control
(1)n．[ul power or authority to direct控制
I have no control over／of him．我控制不了他。
They were fighting bravely for the control of the city．他们为控制那座城市而勇敢地作战“
表示“控制系统，控制措施”时，常用作复数，
如controls of the plane飞机的控制系统
He government’s wage control政府的工资控制措施
常用短语 beyond control无法控制
In control控制着 lose control of失去对……的控制
Out of control失控 under control控制中
(2)v．have power or authority over控制
Can’t you control that child?你管不住那个小孩子吗?
He controlled his anger and explained it again．他控制住了怒火，重新解释了一次。
8．Sense n.
(1)[c]may of the five powers of the body by which a person，an animal，etc．receive knowledge of things in the world around感觉官能
He has a keen sense of hearing.他听觉灵敏。
(2)[u] appreciation and understanding of the value or worth of sth．(对价值的)辨别；理解，领悟
She has no sense of humor．她没有幽默感。
He is easy to lose his way because he has no Sense of direction．因为他没有方向感，他经常迷路。
9．Doubt
(1) vt．Feel uncertain 怀疑
I doubted my own eyes．我怀疑自己的眼睛。
Do you doubt my words?你怀疑我的话吗?
肯定句中通常接whether，if引导的从句。
I doubted whether／if the story was true．我怀疑这故事是否真实。
I doubt whether he will come．我不敢肯定他来不来。
否定和疑问句后面则接that引导的从句。
I don’t doubt that he will help me．我相信他会帮助我的。
I don’t doubt that we will win the game．我确信我们会赢。
(2)n．uncertainty or disbelief怀疑
There’s some doubt about his suitability for the job．他是否适合该工作有些疑问。
There’s no room for doubt．没有怀疑的余地。
His recovery is still in doubt.
10. cruel adj. merciless残忍的
He is a cruel dictator.他是个残暴的独裁者.
Be cruel to sb./sth.
Don’t be cruel to animals.不要虐待动物.
11. in one’s opinion 依…看法/观点
In my opinion, he has gone mad.
In my opinion, we should have finished working yesterday.
12. a waste of sth.浪费做事
Be a waste of time/money/effort ect.
To be not worth the time, money etc. that you use because there is little or no result.
It’s a waste of time your talking to him.和他谈话是浪费时间.
Watching that programme on television was a waste of time.看那个节目是浪费钱.
13. much too
Too常用来修饰形容词名副词, “太…” “过于…”.如果在too前面加上much,则可以表示程度,意为”实在过于…”, “实在太…”.much too比too的语气要更强烈一些.
You are much too kind to us.他做事实在是过于谨慎.
You are too kind to us.他做事过于谨慎.
He acts too carefully.他做事非常谨慎.
除了much以外,还可以在too前面加上a little 以表示程度,意为”过于…一点”;如果too后面所跟的是many,也可以用数词修饰too以表示程度.
The boy wore a suit a little too large for him.那男孩子穿着一套过于太大一点的衣服.
You gave me three too many.有多给了我三个.
14. in the future
In the future= in time yet to come 指较长时间的将来,并且指的是全部的将来,
常用短语：beyond doubt：certainly无疑地
In doubt：uncertain不确定地
his beyond doubt that he will come．无疑地他会来的。
In the near／distant future在不久(很久)的将来
Be careful in future．今后小心点。
NO one knows what will happen in the future．谁也不知道将来会发生什么事。
For the future，by to live a better live．今后要想办法生活得更好一点。
We will realize this dream in the near future．不久以后，我们就会梦想成真。
15．Make use of= use使用，利用
We make use of electricity every day．我们每天使用电力。
Make good use of your time．好好利用你的时间。
Can you make use of this kind of machine?你能使用这种机器吗?
16．Be bad for sth．= do harm to sth．对……有害
Reading in the sun is bad for the eyes．
在太阳下读书对眼睛有害。
Smoking is certainly bad for health．
吸烟肯定有害于身体健康。
Too many sweets are bad for your teeth．
17．Feel
(1) seem to the touch
feel是不及物动词，也叫“半系动词”，意思是“摸起来(有某种感觉)”，这时feel之后应用形容词作表语，其主语一般是事物。
You feet feel cold．
你的脚摸起来很凉。
(2)The cloth feels soft．
这种布摸起来很柔软。
类似feel这种用法的动词有taste，smell，sound。
The milk tastes(不能用is tasted) sour．
这牛奶尝起来有酸味。
Roses smell(不能用are smelled) sweet．
玫瑰花闻起来是香的。
The music sounds sweet．
这音乐听起来悦耳。
The price sounds reasonable．
价格听起来合理。
(2)be感到，觉得，主语一般是人。
I felt very excited when I heard the news than YangLiwei has returned to the earth safely．
当听到杨利伟安全返回地球的消息时我非常激动，
Don’t feel nervous if you Can’t answer one question when in an exam．
考试时不答题时不要紧张。
(3)Don’t you feel sad that so many firemen died in the big fire in Hunan?
湖南这么多的消防员在大火中牺牲，难道你不伤心吗?
18．a great deal of=much a lot of很多，大量
A great deal of后面只可以接不可数名词。
It takes us a great deal of money to bay this new house．
买这套新房子花掉我们很多钱。
He seems to have a good／great deal of money
他好像有很多钱。
只修饰可数名词的形容词或词组有a great many，many，a number of，quite a few。
只修饰不可数名词的形容词或词组有：much；a great deal；a large amount of，quite a little。
既可修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的形容词或词组有：a lot of；lots of；plenty of，a great quantity of，a great deal可用作状语，相当于a lot，much。
A car runs a great deal faster than a bike．
汽车要比自行车快得多。
We see each other a great deal．
我们经常见面。
19．Be made
(1)be made of“由……制成”，原材料仍然可以看得出来
The bridge is made of stone．
这桥是石头砌的。
The chain is made of sold．
这链子是由金子制成的。
(2)be made from“由……制成”，原材料已看不出来
Paper is made from grass．
纸是由草做的。
(3)be made in“由……制造”一般后跟地点．
The machine is made in China．
这机器是中国制造的。
(4)be made into“使……(原料)制……成品”
Iron is in made into steel．
铁炼成钢。
20．Tie… to．．．把……系在……上
He tied a horse to the tree．
他把马系在树上。
Tie the boat to the dock．
把船拴在码头上。
tie的其他用法
(1)v．①~sth．(on)attach sth．by means of its string etc．系牢，系上
This coat is tied on Jeanwest label．
这件外套标有真维斯的商标。
②~(sb．) (with sb．)(for sth．)make the same score as。得分相同(通常用于被动语态)
Britain are fled with Italy for second place．
英国队和意大利队并列第二。
③tie sb~／oneself down(to sth．)restrict sb．／oneself约束
Children do tie you down．Don’t they?
孩子简直把你拖累住了吧?
Don’t de yourself down to SO much work．
不要被这么多工作拖累了自己。
(2)n，领带；绳索；连接物
Ibis he doesn’t look good．
这条领带看上去不怎么样。
this company has ties with an American corporation．
该公司与美国一家公司有关系。
21．add．．．to．．．给……增添(加)……
Add 5 to 3 and you get 8．
3加5得8。
Please add the note to the poster．
请在海报上加上这一条。
Please add the sugar to your milk．
请往牛奶里加些糖。
add“增加；添加”；“补充说”；“接着说”
The fire is going out．Would you please add some wood?
火要熄灭了，加点柴好吗?
The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with his stay in China，adding that he would visit China again in the near future
那位来访的部长对他在中国的访问感到非常满意，并补充说，他将在不远的将来再次来中国访问.
有关add的短语和词组
Add to“增到；增添”
I believe this visit will add to the friendship between our two countries．
Step 7
Play he tape for the students to listen and follow．
Step 8
Students make a conclusion of de process of Franklin’s experiment and retell the tips of doing the experiment．
Step 9
Do the exercises in the post-reading.
单句改错
1．A great number of milk is produced in that factory every day．
2．Paper is made of a certain in kind of grass．
3．This cloth is felt smooth．
4．Use an umbrella to prevent you from the rain．
5．It is important of us to learn English.
参考答案 1．number改为deal 2．of改为from 3．Is felt改为feels 4．prevent改为protect 5．of改为for
Homework
1. Ask the Ss to remember to new words and phrases learned in class.
2. Finish doing the vocabulary exercises both on student book and workbook.
3. Prepare for the part of Grammar.
Teaching plan III for Language study
Step 1 Presentation
After having learnt many words, we find that some words have more than one part or speech or a meaning. For example, bank can lean not only the ground near a river, but also the establishment for keeping money . It is one factor of words and we may find that if some words are combined, a new word come into being. Today we’ll talk about these two phenomena.
Step 2
Come to the word study, and finish the work.
Step 3
Let the students think more examples of words that have more than one meaning. Then make a conclusion to help them to decide word meaning in a specific situation.
Step 4
Come to grammar, and finish to exercise.
Step 5
Talk about the word formation, especially compounds. And the noun compounds and adjective compounds.
Step 6
Let the students talk about some compound words then conclude the conditions.
Step 7
Distinguish acceptation and part of speech of the following words.
1．Ache
(1) He has an ache in his chest.
(2) I am aching all over.
2．Shock
(1) The shock of the blast shattered many windows.
(2) I was shocked at the news of her death.
(3) The result of the election came as a shock to us all.
3．Order
(1) Get your ideas into some kind of order before beginning to write.
(2) He gave his order to the waiter.
4. Lie
(1) Our school lies in Anqing.
(2) He tells a lie to his teacher.
5. Like
(1) I like the one on the left.
(2) They are not twins, but they’re very Michael Jackson.
参考答案：
1. (1) n continuous and dull pain 疼痛
(2) v suffer from a continuous dull pain 持续地隐隐作痛
2. (1) n violent blow or shake 强烈的冲击或震动
(2) v cause to feel surprised 震惊
(3) n. sudden violent disturbance of the mind and emotions 震惊
3. (1) n. condition in which everything is carefully and neatly arranged 整齐
(2) Request to make or supply 订购，订单
(3) command 命令
4. (1) exist, be 位于
(2) statement one knows to be untrue 谎言
Homework:
1. Ask the students to finish doing Grammar Exercise on workbook.
2. Prepare for integrating skills
Teaching plan IV for Integrating Skills
Step 1. Ask the Ss to discuss the following questions.
1. How many parts does an argumentative assay usually have? What are the parts called?
2. What is mainly written about in the beginning paragraph?
3. What is usually written about in the next paragraph?
4. What is usually written about to develop the second paragraph?
5. What is usually written about to make a conclusion?
Step 2. After the discussion, the topic can be conducted to two subjects: For animal testing and Against animal testing. The Ss can refer to the reading material to collect some information.
Step 3. Ask the Ss to read the passage about animal experiments and help them clarify
the meaning of the text. They should understand that animal rights activists are people
who fight for the rights of animals.
Step 4. Each part of the text can be extended in depth to enhance the Ss understanding
and felling towards the topics. For example, they can be asked to list more products
that have been tested on animals eg: Food products, Medicine, other.
Step 5. Ask the Ss to make a list of animals used for such experiments: mice, rats,
rabbits, cats, dogs, monkeys, etc.
Step 6. Debating.
Topic
For side：We should test medicines on animals
Against side： We should not test medicines on animals
Debaters
For side：
Against side：
STATEMENTS
Sentences for reference;
Good afternoon，ladies and gentlemen，our point of view is that…
So as I mentioned about …, it is very very important in the role of animals．
First I want to explain our opinion about this．We think
FREE DEBATE
Well，thank you，Chairman，and to our opponents．You have mentioned the importance for …
Don't you think so？Thank you．
I should like to correct one thing，the against friend said，“…”It doesn't mean …
SUMMARY
Good afternoon，just now，we talked a lot about…． First，we all agree ….Well，and second，let's take a look at …
Thank you，Chairman，here I should declare that our point of view is that …and so I would like to say again our point of view is that …．Thank you．
Homework:
Read the reading passage on workbook and finish the exercises.
Teaching plan VI for Exercises and Revision
Step 1. Check the Ss’ work to make sure if they have finished their homework.
Step 2. Proofread the answers of the exercises on workbook.
Step 3. Let the student ask questions if they get problems while doing the exercises.
Step 4. Review the useful expressions:
This is an experiment in/of _______. We can see_________. From this experiment, we know that ________./The experiment shows( suggests) that ______.
Advantages Disadvantages
It is good for the economy
It can help many people in the future
It is clean and does not pollute the air
It is important for science
It brings people more comfort. It is too expensive
It is dangerous or bad for your health
It is bad for the environment.
It is unnecessary
Some people will use it for other things
Step 5. Review the useful Phrases:
physics, electrification, rub attracted , boiling of water, chemistry, test tube, steam, heated, drops of water, biology, covers, lack of oxygen, cloned mammal， be cloned， gene， free of the disease， face-to-face contact， depressed， medium， communication online， rocket，astronauts， weightlessness，gravity
Step 6. Review the grammar: Word Formation: Compounds
Step 7. Homework
1. Remember the new words and phrases of this unit.
2. Ask the Ss to write an argument essay in their exercise book.