一. 单元词语知识：
1. base
（1）n. [C]基础；底座；基地；根据地
In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.
在1849年，他去了英格兰并将伦敦作为他革命工作的基地。
（2）vt. 基于；把……建立在……上；以……为基础；根据
The story is based on a true story.
base one’s opinion（up）on the facts把自己的观点建立在真实的基础上
There’s a house the base of the mountain.
A. in B. over C. at D. by
2. however
1）（无比较级）adv.
（1）（作how的强调形式）怎么竟会
However did you make such a mistake? 你怎么竟会犯这样的错误？
（2）（作连接性副词）不管……如何；多么……（可修饰形容词、副词，后须紧跟形容词或副词，句子应该半倒装=no matter how）
However hard he tried, he couldn’t remember the text.
不论他多么努力，他也不能熟记课文。
（3）（起副词作用）但是；可是；不过（多插在句子中间，有时可放在句首或句尾，多用逗号与句子隔开）
① The Einsteins, however, couldn’t pay for the education that young Albert needed.
然而爱因斯坦夫妇付不起小阿尔伯特所需学费。
② I’d like to go with you, however, my hands are full.
我很想和你一块去，但是我忙不过来。
2）conj. 怎么样……都行（引起状语从句）
He can go however he likes. 他爱怎么去就怎么去好了。
however与but
（1）but是连词，连接两个并列的分句，常置于句中，在but与分句之间没有逗号。如：
① I like the film but I have no time to see it. 我喜欢这部影片，但是没有时间去看。
② I’d like to go, but I’m too busy. 我想去，但太忙。
③ Excuse me, but can you tell me how to get to the station?
打扰一下，请告诉我到车站怎么走好吗？
（2）however不能像but那样直接连接两个分句，必须另起一句。however在句中的位置非常灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末，常用逗号将however与句子隔开。如：
① She worked hard. However, she wasn’t successful.
她非常努力，（尽管如此）然而她没有成功。
② He was mistaken, however. 然而他弄错了。
③ There is, however, another side to this problem.
然而，这个问题还有它的另一面。
④ It’s raining hard. However, I decide to go out.
雨下得很大，然而我决定出去。
[例1] , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
[例2] However hard you , you will never succeed in pleasing her.
A. should try B. will try C. would try D. try
3. so that
so that既可引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。如：
（1）They stopped at Hangzhou so that they might visit the West Lake.
他们在杭州停留以便浏览西湖。（目的状语从句）
（2）She had a raincoat, so that she was not wet.
她穿了雨衣，因而没淋湿。（结果状语从句）
so that用来引导目的状语从句，从句中一般应该用may, can, will这类情态动词；当它们用来引导结果状语从句时，从句中有无情态动词，应根据情况而定：用陈述语气表示“实际结果”，一般不用情态动词；若表示“可能的结果”，要用may；若表示“不可避免的结果”，则用must。如：
（1）You are careless in your studies so that you may fail.
你在学习上粗心，可能会不及格。
（2）You are very careless in your studies so that you must fail.
你在学习上粗心，一定会不及格。
[例1] As a teacher, I don’t think children can be given homework to do.
A. so little; so much B. such little; so much
C. such little; such much D. so little; such much
[例2] I hurried I wouldn’t be late for class.
A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless
[例3] She spoke soft voice that we could hardly hear her.
A. such a B. in such C. in so D. in such a
4. in order to以便，为了
（1）He sat in front in order to look at the blackboard clearly.
他坐在前排，以便清楚地看见黑板。
（2）We started early in order to arrive before afternoon.
我们早早出发是为了在下午之前到达。
in order that / so that“以便”后跟从句；in order to与so as to在意思上是一样的，但so as to一般不放在句首。
（1）We must get up early in order that / so that we can have enough time to have breakfast.
我们必须早点起床，以便有充足的时间吃早饭。
（2）In order to arrive there in time, he started at 6 o’clock in the morning.
为了及时到达那里，他早上六点钟就出发了。
（3）I got up early in the morning in order not to / so as not to miss the first bus.
我们早晨早起，为了不错过头班公共汽车。
[例1] He got up early he could get there on time.
A. in order to B. in order that
C. so as to D. that
[例2] He started early catch the morning train.
A. in order to B. in order that
C. son as D. so that
5. measure
（1）n. 量度；尺寸
A meter is a measure of length. 公尺是长度的计量单位。
（2）措施
What measures are you going to take? 他们打算采取什么措施？
（3）vt. / vi. 测量；量
Please measure the baby. 请给小孩量一下身高。
to one’s measure 按照某人的尺寸
6. even if的用法
even if=even though即使；尽管。引导让步状语从句。如：
（1）They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed. 即使你不成功他们也会支持你。
（2）I am going to expose him, even if he is a friend of mine.
尽管他是我的朋友，我也要揭发他。
7. taste
taste的用法如下：
（1）taste作行为动词，表示“品尝”、“尝味”。
Taste the fish and tell me whether you like it or not. 尝尝这鱼，告诉我你是否喜欢。
（2）作连系动词，意为“尝起来……”，“有……味道”，后面接形容词作表语。
This kind of food tastes good. 这种食物尝起来味道不错。
（3）作名词，意为“味道”，“味觉”；“兴趣”，“爱好”。
① I’ve got a cold and so I have no taste. 我伤风了，尝不出味道。
② She has a taste for foreign travel. 她有到国外旅行的爱好。
③ Modern art is not to everyone’s taste. 现代艺术不见得合所有人的口味。
（1）能作连系动词后接形容词的还有：
sound听起来 look看起来 smell闻起来 feel摸起来
① The music sounds wonderful. 这音乐听起来美极了。
② The meat smells bad. 这肉变味了。
③ He looks quite strong. 他看起来很强壮。
④ The cloth feels soft. 这布料摸起来很柔软。
（2）这五个连系动词无被动语态，也不能用于进行时。
The music is sounded wonderful.
The music sounds wonderful.
[例1] Popular music is liked by many people, but it is not to everyone’s .
A. manners B. share C. smell D. taste
[例2] Apples, oranges and pears are famous, but which do you think tasts ?
A. most B. first C. best D. nicer
8. practise
vt. / vi. 实践，练习
（1）用作vt。后接名词或动名词（不能接不定式）作宾语
① You should practise your spoken English. 你应该练习英语口语。
② They practise singing a new song. 他们正练习唱新歌。
（2）用作vi.如：
The team is practising for the match on Sunday. 这个队正在为星期天的比赛训练。
（3）这两个词只有一个字母之差，都解作“实践”，“练习”，读音也相同。practice是不可数名词。例如：
You need more practice before you can play basketball for our team.
你需要更多的训练，才能为我们队打篮球。
（4）在美国英语里，practice也可用作动词。意义上相当于practise。
（5）practise是动词，可用作及物动词或不及物动词。用作及物动词时，后接名词，代词或动词-ing形式，但不能用动词不定式作宾语。
例如：
① You won’t become a good singer if you don’t practise. 如果你不练习的话，你不会成为一名好歌手。
② You must practise this movement more. 你们必须多练习这个动作。
③ He practises speaking English every morning. 每天早上他练习讲英语。
We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into .
A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed
9. mix
（1）vt. / vi. 混和；搅和
The oxygen we breathe in mixes with our blood and gives us life. 我们吸入的氧气和我们的血液相结合，给我们以生命。
（2）mixture n.混和物
Air is a mixture of gases. 空气是多种气体的混和物。
mix up拌和；搅匀；混淆
You should mixed up flour and water. 你们应当把面粉和水搅匀。
You can’t mix oil water.
A. with B. and C. of D. A and B
10. deal with和do with
（1）deal with“对付……”，“处理……”其中deal为不及物动词
（2）do with“对付……”，“处理……”do是及物动词
比较：
What will you do with the mater?
How shall we deal with the problem?
此外：deal with还可以作“论述”，“与……打交道”之意。
① His lecture at the conference will deal with first aid.
他在医学会议上的发言将谈到有关急救的问题。
② We have dealt with that company for 10 years. 我们同那家公司打了10年的交道。
11. likely和possible
这两个词的意思相似，用法上稍有区别。
likely的逻辑主语可以是sb.也可以是sth.；possible的逻辑主语不可以是sb.，即不能用sb. is possible to do sth. 结构。如：
① I’m likely to be very busy tomorrow. 明天我可能很忙。
② He is likely to come（or: It is likely that he will come.）他或许会来。
③ Do you think it’s likely to rain? 你认为可能下雨吗？
④ It is possible that he will come soon. 他大概会来的。
It’s nearly ten o’clock and father walk in at any moment.
A. is possible to B. is maybe to
C. is likely to D. is able to
12. make+复合宾语
（1）make + 宾语+不带to的不定式。这一结构表示的意思是“使某人做某事”。如：
① Taking some medicine made me feel much better.
服了这些药使我感到好多了。
② In the old society, the landlord made the farmers work day and night.
旧社会地主让农民不分白天黑夜的干活。
上述例句若变为被动语态，补语要用带to的动词不定式：
① I was made to feel much better by taking some medicine.
② The boy was made to stand under a tree.
③ In the old society, the farmers were made to work day and night.
（2）make+宾语+过去分词。这一结构表示的意思是“使某人/某事被……”。例如：
① The speaker raised his voice in order to make himself heard.
发言人提高了嗓音以便别人听到他说的话。
② We should not make our plan known to everybody.
我们不应该使每个人都知道我们的计划。
③ She didn’t know French at all, so she couldn’t make herself understood.
她根本不懂法语，所以她不能表明自己的意思。
（3）make+宾语+形容词。这一结构表示的意思是“使某人/某事成为……”。如：
① The interesting story made him very happy. 这个有趣的故事使他很高兴。
② They have made the house clean and tidy. 他们把房子收拾得干净而整洁。
③ The smoke made the room dirty. 烟将房子弄脏了。
13. in future与in the future
in future“今后”，是from now on的意思。
in the future“将来”，与将来时态连用。试比较：
① Be more careful in future. 今后要多加小心。
② She will become an able scientist after her graduation in the future.
将来她毕业之后会成为一个能干的科学家。
14. happen vi.
eg .
（1）Whatever happens , we must keep clam .
（2）He happened to be out then .
（3）It happened that I had no money with me .
△ happen to sb. happen to do sth.
△ 判断正误：
The accident was happened last night .
The accident happened last night .
辨析：happen，take place，occur
（1）happen指事情的发生，往往带有“偶然”或“未能预见”的意思。
（2）take place指事先布置或策划好而后发生，没有“偶然”的意味，有时还有“举行”的意思。
eg .
Write about the changes which have taken place in China .
（3）occur常指意外或预料中的事情发生。当主体指具体或确实发生的事件时，occur可与happen换用。但在表示否定意义时，以用occur为好。
eg .
（1）Many happy events occured during their visit to their birthplace .
（2）The accident happened yesterday .
（3）It occured to me that I had forgot to bring money .
15. hurt
（1）She hurt my feelings .
（2）I hurt my back when I fell .
hurt，injure，wound
判断正误：
① He badly hurt .（ ） He was badly hurt .（ ）
（3）He fell and hurt his arm . 他摔一跤，摔坏了胳膊。
（4）He was injured in a fire .
（5）The bullet wounded him in the leg .
△
（1）身体内部的受伤不能用wound
① His internal organs were injured / hurt .
（2）hurt的过去分词能作表语，wounded和injured可以作表语和定语。
② I saw a hurt man . I saw an injure man .
（3）hurt可作为不及物动词，表示“疼，难受”，其他两词不能。
③ My left foot hurts .
（4）injure和wound也可能对感情的伤害。
④ What he said injured me deeply .
（5）hurt的名词是hurt，injure的名词是injury , wound的名词是wound。
16. a bit
（1）adv.
① My legs still hurt a bit .
② Jane thought she would lose weight by eating a bit less .
③ We like this model of TV , but its size is a bit too large for us .
（2）n.
④ There is no sugar in the box , but you may find a bit in the bag .
a bit of：
⑤ This is a bit of good advice .
⑥ She is not a bit tired though she works all day long in the office .
17. advise
（1）He advise an early start .
（2）The doctor advised me to take more exercise .
（3）I advise waiting till proper time .
（4）Will you advise me which one to buy ?
（5）I advise that he go at once .
（6）I will do as you advise .
△ advise sb.（not）to do sth. advise sb. against doing sth. advise sb. on sth.
注意：
（1）advise之后可接动名词作宾语或接带不定式的复合宾语；但不能接不定式作宾语。
（2）advise后接从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。
18. diet
（1）Proper diet and exercise are both important for health .
△ ① be on a diet
② I mustn’t have Chocolate . I’m on a diet .
辨析：diet，food
diet和food都可用“食物”解，但diet指的是习惯或规定的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物，如病人的疗养饮食，而food是一般的用语，泛指所有可吃的东西。
eg .
① We must have food to eat and clothes to wear .
② Proper diet and exercise are both important to health .
19. main
（1）adj.
Can you follow the main points of his speech ?
（2）n.
The new house is not yet connected to the mains .
20. help
（1）n.
① Thank you for your help .
② The girl is now quite a help to her mother .
（2）vt.
① He often helps me .
② Help yourself to some fish .
③ The medicine helps a lot .
△ help out help sb. with sth. help yourself to … can’t help doing …
can’t help but do … with one’s help …
辨析：help sb.（to）do sth. 和help（to）do sth.
（1）help sb.（to）do sth. 帮助某人做某事
help“帮助”讲，接带to或不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，一般说来直接参与了帮助的行为，不定式前就省去to。
① He often helps me carry boxes .
② He helps my little son to learn English .
（2）help（to）do sth.
help接带to或不带to的不定式作宾语。
③ The book helps（to）learn your English .